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SOLVE-II 2002-2003 Kiruna Sweden
Pre-AVE 2004 Costa Rica, JSC
AVE-0506 2005 JSC (Houston)
AVE-wiff 2005 JSC (Houston)
CR-AVE 2006 Cost Rica, JSC
TC4 2007 Cost Rica, JSC
Over 300 Hours of flight time.
Vortex, High + Mid Latitude,Tropics.
Can Measure ~ 18 trace gas species every 1 to 3 min.
PAN and other Trace Hydrohalocarbon ExpeRiment (PANTHER)
6-Channel GC (gas chromatograph). * 3 ECD (electron capture detectors), packed columns (OV-101, Porpak-Q, molecular sieve). * 1 ECD with a TE (thermal electric) cooled RTX-200 capillary column. * 2-channel MSD (mass selective detector). The MSD analyses two independent samples concentrated onto TE cooled Haysep traps, then passed through two temperature programmed RTX-624 capillary columns.
Compounds Measured on Past Missions: ECD channels: N2O, SF6, CCl2F2 (CFC-12),) CCl3F (CFC-11), and CBrClF2 (halon-1211), H2, CH4, CO, CCl4, CH3CCl3 (methyl chloroform) and PAN (peroxyl acetyl nitrate). Sample load width on ECD channels is 3 seconds> Data set correlates well with other fast measurements.
MSD channels: The methyl halides CH3I, CH3Br, CH3Cl, the sulfur compounds COS, CS2, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons CHClF2 (HCFC-22), C2H3Cl2F (HCFC-141b), C2H3ClF2
(HCFC-142b), and the hydrofluorocarbon C2H2F4 (HFC-134a) Sample load width of MSD channels is 2 min.> Data set correlates with time average of fast measurements.
TDL Channel: Water Vapor (Currently relocated back in UCATS.) Obtained simultaneous measurements with multiple Water Vapor instruments during TC4.
Well defined boundary conditions below Tropopause and above 380 K
Ray et. al. 1999
Contrast Between Seasons
Spatial/Temporal information in Source region retained in Mixed region.
Out flow from Convective Events. CR-AVE 02-09-2006
CFC-11 = 250 ppt
No Strato Loss.
COS loss of 100 ppt
Vegetative up take in BL.
CH3I elevated to 0.2 ppt marine BL or bio-mass burn?
HCFC-22 anthropogenic in BL?
PAN ?
( In the gray aria mid flight we see BL air from Amazon. )
CR-AVE AVE-Houston TC4 (high convection)
PAN vs CO shows a high contrast between BL vs Lower Trop.
PAN vs CO may be sensitive to inflow from the BL vs Entrainment from the Lower Trop.
PAN Lifetime in the BL ~ 1 hour !
R. Talukdar et al. 1995 JGR
H. Singh et al., 1994 JGR
Lifetime of CO in TTL ~ 1 Month
(OH and Photolysis.)
Data set contains information about convection from all longitudes due to the zonal wend.
Photolysis of acetone is a source of OHand PAN (through conversion of NOx).
Chemically important in the TTL and LS.
PAN
Lifetime ~ 1 Month in the TTL
NOx/NOy and OH/HOx - Chem. equilibrium fast in the TTL and LS.
PAN is NOx reservoir (stabilize for month)
- Test Measured vs. Calculated ratio
Keim et al’s 1999 suggesting 20- 30 ppt PAN
The following data set will also contain information about convection from all longitudes due to the zonal wends.