Solutions

Objectives• Describe interparticle forces

• Determine strongest interparticle force for a given compound

• Solve solution problems involving concentrations of molarity and mass/volume %

• Describe diffusion and osmosis

• Calculate osmolarity

Homework: Chapter 8 reading and problems, Quiz 10

Solutions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QsLUO_tgQ&feature=related

• Like dissolves like

• What forces hold together ions, molecules in liquid and solid state?

Interparticle Forces

Molecule Polar or Nonpolar?

Molar Mass

Boiling PointC

Inter-particleForce

44 -57

44 -42

44 21

46 78

74 117

102 158

LiCl 42 1382

C OO

CH2 CH3CH3

C OCH3

H

CH2 OCH3 H

CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH3

CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH2CH2CH3

Interparticle Forces

AlkanesDispersion

Forces

http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1515SP01/Lecture/Chapter12/LondonDisp.html

AldehydesDipole-Dipole

http://chemmovies.unl.edu/ChemAnime/DIPOLED/DIPOLED.html

Hydrogen Bonding

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html

Hydrogen Bonding

http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Secondary_structure

Hydrogen Bonding

Molecule Polar or Nonpolar?

Molar Mass

Boiling PointC

Inter-particleForce

44 -57

44 -42

44 21

46 78

74 117

102 158

LiCl 42 1382

C OO

CH2 CH3CH3

C OCH3

H

CH2 OCH3 H

CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH3

CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH2CH2CH3

Interparticle Forces

Distinguishing Nonpolar, Polar, & Ionic Compounds

– IONIC

– NONPOLAR

Distinguishing Nonpolar, Polar, & Ionic Compounds

– POLAR

– Polar Hydrogen bonding

Like Dissolves Like

• Ionic compounds in water

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXwuPQ7rN3k

Like Dissolves Like

• Hydrogen bonding

• Dispersion forces

Concentration

Molarity

% concentration (mass/volume) =

Solution Concentration

Suppose you had 58.44 grams of NaCl and you dissolved it in exactly 2.00 L of solution. What would be the molarity of the solution?

Solution Concentration

How many grams of KMnO4 are needed to make 500.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution?

Solution Concentration

What is the concentration in percent mass/volume of 150 mL of solution containing 30 g of solute?

Solution Concentration

What volume of a 40 % m/v solution contains 70 g of solute?

Solution Concentration

Solution Concentration: Diffusion

Solution Concentration: Osmosis

Solution Concentration: Diffusion & Osmosis

Diffusion Osmosis

Equivalent

Osmole

IV Solutions: Osmolarity

A solution is made by dissolving 3.00 mol of NaClin enough water to make 1.00 L of solution.

A) What is the molarity of the solution?

B) What is the osmolarity of the solution?

IV Solutions: Osmolarity

Osmolarity

milliosmolarity =

mass of solute in mg

IV Solution Labels: Osmolarity

Calculate the milliosmolarity of an IV solution which is 5% hydrous dextrose, with the formula C6H12O6H2O (GMW = 198.20) and 0.9% NaCl. Hydrous dextrose is a nonelectrolyte.

1. For each solute, calculate the number of moles & number of osmoles.

IV Solution Labels: Calculating Osmolarity with Several Solutes

Calculate the milliosmolarity of an IV solution which is 5% hydrous dextrose, with the formula C6H12O6H2O (GMW = 198.20 g). Hydrous dextrose is a nonelectrolyte.

2. Total the osmoles

3. Convert to mOsmole

IV Solution Labels: CalcuatingOsmolarity with Several Solutes

Calculate the milliosmolarity of an IV solution which is 5% hydrous dextrose, with the formula C6H12O6H2O (GMW = 198.20 g). Hydrous dextrose is a nonelectrolyte.

4. Calculate the milliosmolarity

IV Solution Labels: Calculating Osmolarity with Several Solutes