SolutionCell for Wings

7/27/2019 SolutionCell for Wings

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/solutioncell-for-wings 1/72

Unclassified distribution unlimited © R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010

C o p y r i g h t ©

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1The Univers i ty of Kansas Adapt ive Aerostructures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biolo gical Sciences

Revolutionary New Adaptive Material

“SolutionCell © ”

SolutionCell© is a Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb (PAH)www.SolutionCell.com & www.SolutionCell.net

Brought to you by:

Shawn Paul Boike Solution Vehicles Co &

American Industrial ConsultantsFrom: BOEING, Northro p, Lo ckheed, FORD, GM & NASALong Beach, CA. 90803

562.343.5660 / 562.338.9911 (m) https://www.facebook.com/AmericanIndustrialConsultantsGroup

by

Ron BarrettThe University of Kansas, LawrenceAerospace Engineering Department

and

Cassandra BarrettThe University of MinnesotaCollege of Biological Sciences

http://www.solutioncell.com/

http://www.solutioncell.net/

https://www.facebook.com/AmericanIndustrialConsultantsGroup

https://www.facebook.com/AmericanIndustrialConsultantsGroup

http://www.solutioncell.net/

http://www.solutioncell.com/





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Presentation Dates• So. California (Feb 24-28 2014):

Still need to setup; JPL, USAF-LA, Aerospace Corp, Lockheed & SpaceX

Mon2/24

Zodiac Aero

Eaton/Parker

Tue2/25

Aero/Def

Aero/Def

Wed2/26

Northrop UAV *San

Diego

San DiegoGen

Atomics??

Thu

2/27

Boeing SealBch

Boeing HB

Fri

2/28

Boeing LB

???





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SolutionCell

•

New Patented Material in Europe & USA – Available for Licensing in the following Markets:

• "SolutionCell ©": Manufacturing Raw Products

Aircraft seating,

Aircraft Slats & Flaps Commercial

Separate for Military

Armored Marine

Armored Land

Space Applications

Automotive Industry:

Interiors& Seating

Exteriors Ground Effects

Consumer Furniture

3





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Revolutionary Adaptive Aerostructures, ChangingFlight via Nature's Analogs for Dramatic Fuel Savings

by

Ron BarrettThe University of Kansas, LawrenceAerospace Engineering Department

and

Cassandra BarrettThe University of Minnesota

College of Biological Sciences

1st internat ional Conference and Exhibi t ion on Mechanical and

Aerosp ace Eng ineer ing, San An tonio , Texas

30 September – 2 Octo ber 2013





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Outline

1. Introduction & Motivation

2. Fast-Response Actuators in Eukaryotes

3. Biomimetic FAA-Certifiable Artificial Muscles

4. Selected Aerospace Applications

5. Summary

1.Introduction 2.Nat. Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5. Summary





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1.Introduction 2.Nat. Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive

Motivation: The same as nature

T/O & Landing: Maximize CLmax, Reject Gust Loading

Cruise: Maximize L/D

Minimize Airframe Weight


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/solutioncell-for-wings 7/72Unclassified distribution unlimited © R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010


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Successful Applications of BiomimickingAdaptive Materials In the Aerospace Industry:


Piezoelectric, Shape-Memory-Alloys, Electroluminiscent Materials...

Weapon Systems




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Successful Applications of BiomimickingAdaptive Materials In the Aerospace Industry:

Disappearing UAVs




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Selected Aerospace Morphing Concepts

Planform Morphing Section Morphing

University of Florida

1990’s: NASA’s AAW

1980’s: Mission Adaptive Wing

Lockheed Martin

MissionAdaptiveWing

Gould et al. 1981

P e n d e l t o n e t a l . 1 9 8 1

w w w . n e x t g e n a

e r o n a u t i c s . c o m 2

0 0 8

w w w . g e o c i t i e s . c o m 2

0 0 8


Th U i i t f K Th U i i t f Mi t




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Adaptive Materials & Structures

Piezoelectric MaterialsShape Memory Alloys

McMurtry 2004

Air Muscles






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Conventional Adaptive MaterialsCurrent range of actuator materials available

Can they be used in commercial aircraft as a class?...or in primary structure?





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An "Ideal" Adaptive Aeromaterial/Aerostructure:

•Material capable of "huge" (>50+%?) strains

•Fully proportional, easily controlled

•Stiff & strong enough to handle "real" loads

•Lighter & faster than conventional aircraft actuation systems

•Less costly & lower drag than conventional aircraft actuation systems

•Certifiable under FAR 23/25, 27/29

What Would an Aircraft Designer want if s/he coulddesign an adaptive material???






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Solution? ...Biomimetics

"You should pay attention to what

Mother Nature has done because

she's got a 4.2 billion year lead in

research and development.

-Prof. H.W. Smith, PE, Ph.D.

1.Introduction 2.Nat. Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Summary

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota




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Fast-Response Actuators

in Eukaryotes

•Animal Muscle Cells and Tissues

• Fast-Acting PlantCells and Tissues






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in Eukaryotes


Animal Muscle Cell & Tissues





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1.Introduction 2.Nat. Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.AutomotiveVideo Credit: & © C.M. Barrett

Solution:Actuators Made from 100% FAA-Certifiablematerials, but arranged like fast-acting plant cells





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Solution:FAA-Certifiable Actuators based on Plant Cell Structures

Albizia julibrissin





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Pulvinus





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Ground Cells

Phloem

Xylem

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of MinnesotaS l ti




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Solution:Actuators Made from 100% FAA-CertifiableMaterials, but arranged like fast-acting plant cells

Video Credit: & © C.M. Barrett





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Fundamental Structural Arrangement:





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Biomimetic Honeycomb

Based on Plant Actuator Cells

• Easily modeled, light, strong

• Made of conventional materials (aluminum, steel, aramids)

• Already known and accepted by certifying

agencies like the FAA






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PAH Theory, Experiment & Correlation







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24y

Adapt ive Aerostructures Laboratory

yCollege of Biolo gical Sciences

PAH Single-Cell Tension-Compression Test







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25y



Multi-Cell Compression Test

180mm






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26y



PAH Single-Cell Tension-Compression Test







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27y



Comparison to OtherAdaptive Materials and Actuators


High PressureAdaptive Honeycomb

Atmospherically TriggeredAdaptive Honeycombs

Conventional Hydraulic Actuators


A New Approach to Flight Control





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A New Approach to Flight Control...

Based on Nature:

PAH employs distributed, rather than concentrated actuation...

29The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota





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Current Aircraft Actuator Design

PhilosophyDistributed airloads

Control surface loads

concentrated at

finite hard points

Loads transferred

through actuators

& tracks

Loads redistributedinto primary

structure







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Control surface loads

stayed distributed

Distributed control

surface loads passed

thru distributed

actuators

Distributed loads

transferred to primary

strucure

PAH Actuator Design Philosophy







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Comparison of PAH to Adaptive Materialsand FAA Certified Actuators

High Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb

ConventionalHydraulics

& Pneumatics







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Pressure Adaptive Wing Section

M u r r a y e

t a l . 2 0 0 7






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Pressure-Adaptive Flap in Wind Tunnel (cont.)

40kPa CDP

0kPa CDP






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PAH Wing Section: Controllable Aerocompliance

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Angle of Attack, a (deg)-5 0 5 10 15

L i f t C o e f f i c i e n t , C

l

( ~ )

Base Stiffness Cell Differential Pressure Behavior

NCCDP(kPa)

4020

0

-20

-40

Net Camber CDP = 40kpa


35The Univers i ty of Kansas Ad t i A t t L b t

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaC ll f Bi l i l S i





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Current Aircraft Technology in Gust Fields








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PAH Wings: Enhancing Ride Quality, FatigueProperties & Flight Safety via Active Aerocompliance








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The Real Savings... from Class I Design Forward


Structure of a typical FAR-25 V-n Diagram

+1

0

-1

L o a d

F a c t o r ,

n (

g ' s )

VS1 VA VC VD

Maneuver LimitsGust Limits

Gust Limits

Commercial Aircraft

Structural Weights areset by these points

Flight Speed, Vflt (kts)







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+1

0

-1

L o a d

F a c t o r ,

n (

g ' s )

VS1 VA VC VD

Weight Saving Paradigm Shift:

Compression of Gust Lines to within Maneuver

...just like birds do, via dynamic aerocompliance








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Adapt ive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biolo gical Sciences


Compression of Gust Lines to within Maneuver

...just like birds do, via dynamic aerocompliance

saving... 7 – 23% total aircraft structural weight!

+1

0

-1

L o a d

F a c t o r ,

n (

g ' s )

VS1 VA VC VD

Weight Saving Paradigm Shift:








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Reference: Boeing 787$32B investment in new product RDT&E:

• Just over half of the RDT&E was devoted to new materials & manufacturing

to achieve a ~20% weight reduction WRT conventional materials








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PAH Implications for Commercial Aircraft

Implications for commercial jets:

• Reduction in Structural Weight 9 - 22%

• Increase in mission integrated L/Dmax 6 - 9%

• Reduction in DOC at constant range 7 - 11%

• Increase in range at constant TOW 12 - 18%

• Airfoil section gust load rejection: up to 380%

• Net airframe gust load rejection up to 87%

• Safe Airframe Life Extension 11 - 14%


US Pat. 8,366,057 Issued 13 February 2013







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Acknowledgements

NASA Ames Research Center

Prof. Roelof Vos







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PAH Flap and Winglet System Implications

Implications for commercial jet fleets:

Korean Air:

KRW11.807 trillion 2011 in operating expenses

Retrofi t Impacts: ~ +KRW200B

(Net loss in 2011: KRW98B)

New Equipment Impacts:

+KRW850B DOC savings +

+KRW220B Airframe Life Extension +

+KRW660B increased cargo carriage revenue ~ KRW1.7 trillion

European Patent EP 2459442 A2

US Patent 8 366 057 B2 February 2013







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Questions?







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Something about the flight environment itself

could deploy the surfaces...

What if...








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p y g g

Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb (PAH)Flap Systems

Example for LSA wing








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p y g g

Implications for LSA* based on a 20% increase of clean CLmax:**

• 17% reduction in wing wetted area

• 20% increase in aspect ratio

•

10% increase in L/D• 8% reduction fuel burn and DOC at constant range

• 1.5% decrement in TOW and purchase price at constant range

• 37% gust rejection loads

*45kts flaps-up stall requirement

**Based on: Roskam “Airplane Design,” part I, II, V, and VIII, and Cessna 162 Skykatcher Data

Potential Application: Pressure AdaptiveHoneycomb (PAH) Flap








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p y g g

PAH Gurney Flap (cont.)

Implications for jets based on a 6% increase of CLmax:5.8% decrease in wetted area

6% increase in aspect ratio

3% increase in L/Dmax

3.2% reduction in DOC at constant range3% increase in range at constant TOW

380% section gust load rejection

87% net airframe gust load rejection

*Based on: Roskam “Airplane Design,” part I, II, and V, and Cessna Citation Sovereign

Data1.Introduction 2.Nat. Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive







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y g g

PAH Implications for Commercial Aircraft

Implications for commercial jets: Retrofit Class I

STC Design

• Increase in CLmaxL/TO 3% 6%

• Reduction in Structural Weight 0% 9 - 22%

• Increase in mission integrated L/Dmax: 2.4% 6 - 9%

• Reduction in DOC at constant range 2.5% 7 - 11%• Increase in range at constant TOW 2.2% 12 - 18%

• Section gust load rejection: 43% 380%

• Net airframe gust load rejection 21% 87%








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PAH Cell Modeling







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PAH Linear-Elastic Modeling Background

Cellular Material Theory (CMT) after Gibson et al. 1988Considerations:

• Only valid for small thickness-to-length ratio

• Only valid for +/- 20% of strain

•

Linear stress-strain relationship

qi

l

t







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PAH Linear-Elastic Modeling Background







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PAH Theoretical Characterization

Global stress-strain relations:

@ constant pressure:

@ constant mass:

with







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PAH Geo-Kinematic Properties

CDP = Cell Differential Pressure








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Non-linear Mechanics of PAH Structures







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Effects of Different PAH Boundary Conditions



PAH L it di l St St i C l ti





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u n r e s t r i c t e d PAH Longitudinal Stress-Strain Correlation

p = 55kPa p = 60kPa







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Experimental PAH Stress-Strain Relations







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PAH Four-Cell Tensile Test of Steel PAH







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PAH Bender Experimental Characterization

Validation

Experiment:Three-pointbend test


FEM Modeling:







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PAH Cell Modeling







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PAH Multi-Cell Compression Test








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PAH Gurney Flaps & Winglets




F t R A t t i E k t





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u n r e s t r i c t e d Fast-Response Actuators in Eukaryotes

Molecuar Mechanism of Muscle Contraction


Stimulus

Myosin head binds to actin

Myosin head turns as P1 is released

6.7nmcontraction







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in Eukaryotes

Mechanical Analogs of Animal Muscle Tissues:-Shape-Memory-Alloys-Pneumatic Tubes-Piezoelectric Polymers-Adaptive Gels-Electrostatic Actuators




Successful Applications of Biomimicking





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pp gAdaptive Materials In the Aerospace Industry:

UAVs & Hovering Missiles







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Standard Auxetic Hybrid

Biomimetic Plant-Cell Based

Honeycomb Actuator

A f t e r : O l y m p i o e t a l . 2 0 0 7




Aerocompliance: Key to Birds Wings and PAH





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Aerocompliance: Key to Birds Wings and PAH

Gust load relieving smoothes flight







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PAH Four-Cell Tensile Test of Steel

Honeycombs




Solution:FAA Certifiable Actuators based on Plant Cell Structures





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FAA-Certifiable Actuators based on Plant Cell Structures



Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb (PAH)





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u n r e s t r i c t e d Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb (PAH)

Breakdown for Modeling







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PAH Nonlinear Mechanics

SolutionCell for Wings

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