Solid Waste Management

Members of Group Registration Number

Norfarhana Ain Binti Zainal Ariff 01DKA10F2036

Nurul Husna Binti MohamedRoshidi

01DKA10F2043

Siti Rashidah Binti Abd Razi 01DKA10F2070

CC 604 : Environment Pollution & Control

Chapter 5 : Solid Waste Management + Case Study

Class : DKA 5E

CHAPTER 5 : SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Sources, Types, Composition, Quantities and Main Elements

in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management

What Is Solid Waste

The term solid waste means :

Material such as household

garbage, food wastes, yard wastes, and

demolition or construction

debris

Solid waste are wastes that are

not liquid or gaseous

Solid wastes are all the discarded solid materials

from municipal, industrial, and

agricultural activities

Objective Of Solid Waste Management

The objective of solid wastes management to control, collect, process, dispose of solid wastes

in an economical way consistent with the public

health protection

Definition Of Municipal Solid Waste

(MSW)

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the

public

All wastes, resulting from population, residential and non residential buildings, as well as

transport vehicles

Municipal solid waste (MSW) commonly known as:

trash or garbagerefuse or rubbish

Sources Of MSW

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Institutional

Construction/Demolition

Municipal Services

Process (Manufacturing)

Agriculture

Type Of MSW

Industrial waste

Rubbish

Demolition Wastes

Construction wasteGarbage

Dead animals

Sewage treatment

residue

It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns is about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively

Total municipal solid waste (MSW) collected in the country increased every year

The average per capita generation has increased from 0.67 kg/person/day in 2001 to 0.8 kg/person/day in 2005

In 2008 it is reported increase at 60 – 70 %.

Current MSW generation has reached 1.3 kg/person/day

Quantity Of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) In

Malaysia

Element Of MSW Management

• Waste generation• Waste handling, sorting, storage,

and processing at the source• Collection• Separation, processing and

transformation of solid wastes• Transfer and transport• Energy Generation• Disposal

Strategies for Effective and Environmental

Friendly

• Minimize waste generation• Maximize waste recycling and reuse• Educate people on different ways of

handling waste• Systematic solid waste management

Understand The Characteristics, Composition and Components

of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Characteristic of MSW

Physical Characteristic

Moisture content : increase the weight of solid waste , so the cost of collection &

transportation will increasing

Density : used to assess volume of transportation

vehicle & size of the disposal facility

Chemical Characteristic

is essential in understanding the

behavior of waste all through the waste

management system and also in selecting and

determining the efficiency of any treatment process

Composition Components

Understand The Process of Generation and Handling of

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW))

Waste Generation

Waste generation include activities in whichmaterial identified as no longer being of valueand are either thrown away or gatheredtogether for disposal.

Collection

Elements of collection, includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable material, but also the transport of these materials after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied.

Factor Influence Generation of MSW

• Socio-economic background:

– The buying power

– Income level

• Cultural background

• Locality:

– Urban

– Rural setting

Handling and Separating Municipal Solid Waste

• Waste handling and separation involves activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection.

• Handling also include the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source.

Understand The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Collection

Activities)

Collection Activities

• The most common collection services are curb/alley, set out/set back pickup, and backyard pickup.

• The collection services provided to large apartment buildings, residential complexes, commercial and industrial activities typically in centered around the use of large movable and stationary containers and large stationary compactors.

Curb or Alley Pickup

• The quickest and most economical point of collection.

• Using standard container that has been design by city council.

Set-out, Set-back Pickup

• Collectors have to enter property.

• Set out crew carries full containers from resident storage location to curb/alley before collection vehicle arrives.

• Set back crew return the container to storage area.

Backyard Pickup

• Usually accomplish by the use of tote barrels.

• The collector enter the resident’s property, dumps the container into a tote barrel, carries it to the trucks and dumps it.

Transfer and Transport

• Transfer and transport refers to the facilitiesused to transfer of wastes from one location to another.

- Small collection vehicles are transferred to larger vehicles that are used to transport the waste over extended distances to disposal sites.

Understand The Various Kinds of MSW Disposal Methods Such as Land Filling, Incineration and

Organic MSW Composting

Sanitary Land Filling

The controlled disposal of solid waste on the upper layer of the earth mantle in a manner the environmental hazards is minimized.

Important technical aspects in the implementation of sanitary landfills include:

Site selection.

Land filling methods and operation.

Occurrence of gasses and leachate.

Movement and control of gases and leachate.

Incineration•The process of burning waste in large furnaces at high temperature is know as incineration.

•It is used to dispose of solid liquid and gaseous waste .Incineration facilities generally do not require as much area as landfills.

•At the end of the process all that is left behind is ash.

Incinerators System

Composting• Compost Is the product resulting from the controlled

biological decomposition of organic material.

• The starting material for composting are commonly referred to a feed stocks

Explain the environmental, social , economical, and political information available for municipal

solid waste (MSW)

a)The disposal site shall be capable of being characterized , modeled, analyzed and monitored.

b)The disposal site shall be generally well drained and free of areas of flooding or frequent bonding.

c)Depend on the type of accommodation, terrace houses , flats , commercial area or factories

d)Collection service route

Effect of incineration sanitary landfill and composting to the environment

• Release hundreds of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere;

• Disposal of the ash (The toxic substance are more concentrated in the ash);

• Highly related to the economic condition;

• A classic short-term solution potentially useful (recyclable or compostable) (it destroys material by turning it into toxic ash);

Know 4R’s Concept and Justify Aspects and Issues related to recycling and composting of municipal solid waste (MSW)

Describe waste reduction ,reuse, recovery and recycling concepts.

• Method of waste reduction, waste reuse, and recycling are the preferred options when managing waste.

• 4R’s stand for:

Reduction

Reuse

Recovery

Recycling

Reduction

• By reducing, consumer and industry can save natural resources and reduce waste management costs.

Reuse

• Large production companies such as Electronic, appliances and gadgets, should establish the collection centre, where damaged items can be repaired and reuse.

Recovery

• Energy or material can be recovered from waste that are not reused or recycled

Recycling

• Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste into valuable resources

Identify the impact of reuse /recycle /reduction on landfill design and operation.

• saves natural resources.

• reduces toxicity of waste.

• reduce cost.

• helps sustain the environment for future generations.

• reduces the need for land filling and incineration.

Explain on conventional and innovative waste utilization /recycling technologies.

1.Conventional

Two types of composting process:1. Aerobic composting2. Anaerobic composting

Factor that influence Aerobic composting process :i. Particle size 25 to 75mm for the optimum chemical reaction to occur ii. The ratio of C:N (Carbon to nitrogen ratio)iii. Moisture content should be in the range 50-60%iv. Temperature the optimum temperature for the composting process is 50 to 70˚C v. PH control the optimum for micro activity is 6.5-7.5 to prevent loss of nitrogen as ammonia (NH₃) gas , pH

should not exceed 8.5vi. Mixing process to prevent dehydration on the surface of the compostvii. Air requirements

2.Innovativei. Will improve public health and safely achieveii. Non-toxic gases, which are created, are stored in special containers (gas cylinders) and used as fuel and

energy creators. iii. Method takes place in a close system, without releasing ashes, waste remnants, dusts and toxic gases into

environment.

CASE STUDY :

• Garbage collecting is not follow work schedule especially involves area housing

CAUSES

ACTION RESIDENTS

IN THE AREA

cause the occupants had to take the

easy way to remove the debris and solid waste in open areas,

including the roadside and at

major crossroads on the road

remove debris and solid waste in open

area away from the house

This Is because garbage and solid

waste loaded in the barrel, in front of

their homes are full

THE EFFECTS

animals eat like cats and dogs, garbage lifted late in the barrel at the front door of his house will be wormy and rotten and then overflowing into the road shoulder.

not lasting the nauseating smell that permeates the house, every time you open the door until cause of the health and appetite.

experiencing severe odor pollution as wormy and rotting garbage in the trash lifted by garbage trucks.

Waste water overflowing from the truck in the road surface.

Affected neighborhoods wedding

contaminate views

raises displeasure

Impacts of solid waste on environment

Waste breaks down in landfills to form

methane, a potent greenhouse gas

Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer due to waste

biodegradable

Garbage disposal, due to waste pollutions,

illegal dumping, leaching : is a process by which solid waste enter soil and ground

water and contaminating them

Impacts of solid

waste on health

Nausea and vomiting

Low birth weight

Cancer

Chemical poisoning through chemical

inhalation

Increase in hospitalization

of diabetic residents living near hazard waste sites

Mercury toxicity from

eating fish with high levels of

mercury

Population growth

Increase in industrials

manufacturing

Urbanization

Causes of increase in solid waste

Preventive measures

Systematic solid waste management

Involving public in plans for waste treatment and disposal

Educate people on different ways of handling waste

Household level of proper segregation of waste, recycling and reuse

Process and product substitution example use paper bag instead of plastic bags

garbage collection according to the schedule set

References

Internet1. Wikipedia. Municipal Solid Waste. September 19, 2013,

from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste

2. Slide Share. Solid Waste. September 18, 2013, by WaliMemon, fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/walimemon/games-solid-waste-can-play-with-enviorment

3. Silde Share. Minicipal Solid Waste. September 19, 2013, By Muhammad Fahad Ansar ,http://www.slideshare.net/fahadansari131/municipal-solid-waste-by-muhammad-fahad-ansari-12ieem14-13324528