Solid waste management

SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

PREPARED BY:AELYA SHAH (36)

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGG

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

It is the unwanted or useless solid

materials generated from combined

residential, industrial and commercial

activities.

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT?

“Generation, prevention,

characterization, monitoring,

treatment, handling, reuse and

residual disposition of solid wastes".

It is a system responsible for the handling all

garbage,

Municipal waste collection,

Recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators.

WHY SWM?

Economic –

Improving economic efficiency through the

means of resource use

Treatment and disposal can lead to efficient

practices in the production and consumption of

products

the potential for new jobs and new business

opportunities.

Social –

Reduces the adverse impacts on health

Environmental –

Reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on

the environmental

minimizing resource extraction can provide

improved air and water quality

Help in the reduction of greenhouse

emissions.

Inter-generational Equity –

Provides subsequent generations a more

robust economy, a fairer and more inclusive

society and a cleaner environment

A number of processes involved

in effectively managing waste for

a municipality

These include:

monitoring,

collection,

transport,

processing,

recycling and

disposal.

SWM AND TREATMENT

METHODS:

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Thermal treatment

Dumps and Land filling

Biological waste treatment

Integrated Solid Waste Management

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

There are many environmental benefits that can be derived from the use of these methods:

They reduce or prevent green house gas emissions,

reduce the release of pollutants,

conserve resources,

save energy and

reduce the demand for waste treatment technology and landfill space.

Waste reduction and reuse

(methods of waste prevention)

Include:

manufacturing products with less packaging,

encouraging customers to bring their own reusable

bags for packaging,

encouraging the public to choose reusable

products (cloth napkins reusable plastic & glass

containers)

backyard composting etc

RECYCLING

Recycling refers to the removal of items from the

waste stream to be used as raw materials in the

manufacture of new products.

Thermal treatment

This refers to processes that involve the use

of heat to treat waste.

Some commonly utilized thermal treatment

processes.

Incineration

Pyrolysis and Gasification

Open burning

INCINERATION

It involves the combustion of organic waste for recovering energy.

Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.

This is the combustion of waste in the presence of oxygen.

This method may be used as a means of recovering energy to be used in heating or the supply of electricity.

Combusting MSW in an incinerator does reduce volume by up to 90% and weight by 75%

Pyrolysis and Gasification

They both

decompose organic

waste by exposing it

to high temperatures

and low amounts of

oxygen.

It produce gas (often

termed syngas),

liquid (pyrolysis oil)

or solid (char, mainly

ash and carbon).

OPEN BURNING

It is the burning of

unwanted materials

in a manner that

causes smoke.

Other emissions to

be released directly

into the air.

This includes the

burning of outdoor

piles.

Dumps and Landfills

Sanitary landfills :

A landfill is a facility in which solid wastes are

disposed in a manner which limits their impact on

the environment.

A sanitary landfill is engineered to minimize water

infiltration.

This minimizes exposure to wind and rain

MSW, landfills often hold construction and

demolition debris, municipal sludge, agricultural

wastes, combustion ash

SANITARY LAND FILL

Biological waste treatment

Composting It is the controlled

aerobic decomposition of organic matter by the action of micro organisms.

It creates an environment favorable to the naturally occurring thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria

and fungi that break down organic matter.

In a period between four and six months, green waste is converted to compost.

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Same as composting.

Composting can use a variety of microbes and

must have air.

Anaerobic digestion uses bacteria and an oxygen

free environment to decompose the waste.

Also used as a method of producing biogas which

can be used to generate electricity.

Optimal conditions for the process require nutrients

such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.

It requires that the pH be maintained around 7.

Integrated Solid Waste

Management

(ISWM) takes an overall approach to creating

sustainable systems that are

economically affordable,

socially acceptable and

environmentally effective.

This system involves the use of

a range of different treatment

methods.

REFRENCES:

http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20

management.pdf

http://www.unep.org/ietc/Portals/136/SWM-Vol1-Part1-

Chapters1to3.pdf

http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/CWG%20folde

r/conceptualframework.pdf

Understanding environmental pollution marquita k hill 2nd

edition page 257-258

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/hierarchy.htm

www.environment.gov.pk/PRO_PDF/.../Brief-SWM-

%20Pak.pd

THAnK-YOUUUU