Welcome to the SOLAS Summer School 29 Aug - 9 Sept 2005 Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse Université de Corse, France With assistance from: Casey Ryan, SOLAS International Project Officer [email protected]Prof. Peter S. Liss Chair, SOLAS SSC School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom [email protected]SOLAS Summer School Steering Committee Corinne Le Quéré University of East Anglia and BAS, UK Véronique Garçon Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France Peter Liss University of East Anglia, UK Wade McGillis Columbia University, US Maurice Levasseur Laval University, Canada Ulrich Platt University of Heidelberg, Germany Mits Uematsu University of Tokyo, Japan Rik Wanninkhof National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, US Financial support CNRS What is SOLAS? A Multidiciplinary and Global Scale Research Programme The Goal: “To achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical- physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere, and how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change”.
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Welcome to the SOLAS
Summer School
29 Aug - 9 Sept 2005
Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse
Université de Corse, France
With assistance from: Casey Ryan, SOLAS International Project [email protected]
Corinne Le Quéré University of East Anglia and BAS, UK
Véronique Garçon Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France
Peter Liss University of East Anglia, UK
Wade McGillis Columbia University, US
Maurice Levasseur Laval University, Canada
Ulrich Platt University of Heidelberg, Germany
Mits Uematsu University of Tokyo, Japan
Rik Wanninkhof National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, US
Financial support
CNRS
What is SOLAS?
A Multidiciplinary and GlobalScale Research Programme
The Goal: “To achievequantitative understanding ofthe key biogeochemical-physical interactions andfeedbacks between the oceanand the atmosphere, andhow this coupled systemaffects and is affected byclimate and environmentalchange”.
Structure
SOLAS is Sponsored by SCOR,IGBP, CACGP and WCRP
IGBP Core Project
Part of the Earth SystemScience Partnership
The Scope of SOLAS
SOLAS Science Focus 1:Biogeochemical Interactions and
Feedbacks Between Ocean and Atmosphere
1.1 Marine ParticleEmissions and theirTransformations
1.2 Trace Gas Emissionsand PhotochemicalFeedbacks
1.3 DMS and Climate
1.4 Fe and MarineProductivity
1.5 Ocean-AtmosphereCycling of Nitrogen
Trichodesmium - an important N2-fixer that
requires large amounts of bioavailable Fe
Focus 2:Exchange Processes at the Air-Sea Interfaceand the Role of Transport and Transformation in theAtmospheric and Oceanic Boundary Layers
2.1 ExchangeAcross the Air-SeaInterface
2.2 Processes inthe OceanicBoundary Layer
2.3 Processes inthe AtmosphericBoundary Layer
Processes responsible for the exchange of mass,
momentum, and heat transport.
Focus 3: Air-Sea Flux of CO2 and OtherLong-Lived Radiatively Active Gases
3.1 Geographic andSub-Decadal Variabilityof Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes
3.2 Surface LayerCarbonTransformations in theOceans: Sensitivity toGlobal Change
3.3 Air-Sea Flux ofN2O and CH4
Net air-sea CO2 flux based on interpolation of
air-sea pCO2 differences (Takahashi et al.,
2002)
SOLAS Foci and Activities
FOCUS 1: BiogeochemicalInteractions and Feedbacksbetween Ocean andAtmosphere
FOCUS 2: ExchangeProcesses at the Air-SeaInterface and the Role ofTransport andTransformation in theAtmospheric and OceanicBoundary Layers
FOCUS 3: Air-Sea Flux ofCO2 and Other Long-LivedRadiatively Active Gases
Peter Liss (Chair) UKWade McGillis USAPeter Schlosser USABill Miller CanadaOsvaldo Ulloa ChileChristiane Lancelot BelgiumShigenobu Takeda JapanTruls Johannessen NorwayDoug Wallace GermanyPatricia Matrai (Vice-Chair) USAUlrich Platt GermanyBarry Huebert USAMitsuo Uematsu JapanElsa Cortijo FranceKen Denman CanadaDileep Kumar IndiaGerrit de Leeuw NetherlandsTim Jickells UKGuang-Yu Shi China
Structure
SOLAS Science 2007
6-9 March 2007, Xiamen China
Canada ($7.5M, 80 scientists)
UK ($20M, 5 years)• UK NERC funding the IPO for 5 years
• Plans for a monitoring stationon Cape Verde
National Programmes
Canada
UK
NZ, China (Beijing) 8M), Japan, Brazil,Belgium and France have funded SOLASprogrammes. EU SOLAS STREPS to be fundedshortly.
Germany and Norway have submittedproposals.
Networks being built in the USA, India,South Korea, Russia, Chile and China (Taipei)
National Programmes
NASA Margulis & Lovelock
Science Highlights
a new response to Fe addition
direct measurements of gas
exchange
organics in aerosols
interannual variability in CO2 flux
effects of lowered seawater pH
iodine biogeochemistry
Jickells et al 2005
Fe addition to the ocean
S. Turner
SEEDS 1
Plankton net samples (100mm, 0-20m)in the patch on day 2 and day 11
Day 11 Day 2
NW Pacific Iron Enrichment
2004.07.27
SEEDS II
7-day backward trajectories during July, 2004 -SEEDS II
Thanks to Atsushi Tsuda
7-day backward trajectories during July, 2003
Thanks to Atsushi Tsuda
NZ SOLAS Air-sea Gas Exchange Experiment
Inside
Patch
Outside
Patch
J.Hall, NIWA
Trace gas response
SoFex
(Wingenter,PNAS 2004)
Trace gas response
EisenEx
(Liss et al,Tellus 2005)
Day since fertilisation
In
Out
SOLAS synthesis and planning
meeting in October 2005Led by Phil Boyd and Tim Jickells
Changes in various ice core and marine sediment parameters between the Holocene and the end of the last ice age. a) delta18O(a temperature proxy), Fe and MSA (an atmospheric oxidation product of DMS) from Antarctic ice cores. b) CO2 from theVostok ice core; TOC (total organic carbon), alkenones and dinosterol (proxies for surface ocean productivity) in a sedimentcore from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . (Turner et al., 1996)