Solaris Volume Solaris Volume Manager Manager M. Desouky M. Desouky
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Solaris Volume ManagerSolaris Volume Manager
M. DesoukyM. Desouky
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
22
Table of ContentsTable of Contents1.1. RAID OverviewRAID Overview
2.2. Introduction to SDS SoftwareIntroduction to SDS Software
3.3. SDS InstallationSDS Installation
4.4. SDS User InterfacesSDS User Interfaces
5.5. Metadevice State DatabaseMetadevice State Database
6.6. Concatenation & StripesConcatenation & Stripes
7.7. Mirrors & Hot SparesMirrors & Hot Spares
8.8. RAID-5 MetadevicesRAID-5 Metadevices
9.9. File System OperationsFile System Operations
10.10. DisksetsDisksets
RAIDRAIDUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of California
Berkeley 1987Berkeley 1987
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
44
DiscussionDiscussionDisk Speed LimitationsDisk Speed Limitations
File System Is FullFile System Is Full
Disk Fault ToleranceDisk Fault Tolerance
24x7 Systems24x7 Systems
Multiple Disks:Multiple Disks: Higher probability of disk failureHigher probability of disk failure MTBFMTBF File System Spanning: (Max: 1 TB)File System Spanning: (Max: 1 TB) Longer reboot timesLonger reboot times
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
55
Managing Large No of DisksManaging Large No of Disks
Decrease the number of file systemsDecrease the number of file systems
Avoid data loss due to disk failureAvoid data loss due to disk failure
Balance I/O across disks, performanceBalance I/O across disks, performance
Avoid file systems check at bootAvoid file systems check at boot
Grow file systems onlineGrow file systems online
Apply dual-host failoverApply dual-host failover
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
66
Managing DisksManaging DisksTechniques:Techniques: ConcatenationConcatenation StripingStriping Expanding File SystemsExpanding File Systems Hot SparesHot Spares RAID 5RAID 5 MirroringMirroring DisksetsDisksets
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
77
RAID LevelsRAID Levels
1.1. RAID 0RAID 0
2.2. RAID 1RAID 1
3.3. RAID 0+1RAID 0+1
4.4. RAID 3RAID 3
5.5. RAID 5RAID 5
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
88
RAID 0, ConcatenationRAID 0, Concatenation
FS 1
FS 2
FS 3
RAIDManagement
Software
VirtualFS
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
99
RAID 0, StripingRAID 0, Striping
FS 1
FS 2
FS 3
RAIDManagement
Software FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1010
RAID 1, MirroringRAID 1, Mirroring
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
RAIDManagement
SoftwareFS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
Mirror
Data
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1111
RAID 0+1RAID 0+1
RAIDManagement
Software
Mirroring
RAIDManagement
Software
Striping
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
RAIDManagement
Software
Striping
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1212
RAID 3, Striping with ParityRAID 3, Striping with Parity
RAIDManagement
Software
FS 4
FS 1
FS 5
FS 2
FS 6
FS 3
P(5-6)
P(2-4)
P(1-3)
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1313
RAID 5, Distributed ParityRAID 5, Distributed Parity
P(10-12)
FS 7
FS 4
FS 1
FS 10
P(7-9)
FS 5
FS 2
FS 11
FS 8
P(4-6)
FS 3
FS 12
FS 9
FS 6
P(1-3)
RAIDManagement
Software
FS 12
FS 11
FS 10
FS 9
FS 8
FS 7
FS 6
FS 5
FS 4
FS 3
FS 2
FS 1
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1414
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1515
IntroductionIntroductionDiskSuite Manage:DiskSuite Manage: Large Number of DisksLarge Number of Disks Data on DisksData on Disks
DiskSuite TasksDiskSuite Tasks Storage Capacity: metadevicesStorage Capacity: metadevices Data Availability: Mirrors, RAID5 metadevicesData Availability: Mirrors, RAID5 metadevices
DiskSuite, Virtual DisksDiskSuite, Virtual Disks MetadeviceMetadevice
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1616
Planning DiskSuitePlanning DiskSuiteSetting Priorities:Setting Priorities:
Performance:Performance:Availability: MirroringAvailability: Mirroring
Hardware Cost: StripingHardware Cost: Striping
Availability:Availability:Performance: MirroringPerformance: Mirroring
Hardware Cost: RAID5Hardware Cost: RAID5
Hardware Cost:Hardware Cost:Availability: RAID5Availability: RAID5
Performance: StripingPerformance: Striping
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1717
State Database ReplicasState Database ReplicasReplicas Stores:Replicas Stores: DiskSuite ConfigurationDiskSuite Configuration State InformationState Information
Planning Replicas:Planning Replicas: One Disk: 3 replicas on one sliceOne Disk: 3 replicas on one slice Two-Four Disks: 2 replicas on eachTwo-Four Disks: 2 replicas on each Five or more Disks: 1 on eachFive or more Disks: 1 on each
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1818
State Database ReplicasState Database ReplicasCreating Replicas:Creating Replicas: Small slices (520 MB)Small slices (520 MB) Slices should NOT contain data!Slices should NOT contain data! Backup your data!Backup your data! Allocating Space from swap partition!Allocating Space from swap partition!
swap -lswap -l
swap -dswap -d
swap -aswap -a metadb -a -f -c metadb -a -f -c -a Add-a Add -c Number of replicas-c Number of replicas -f Force-f Force
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
1919
Creating ReplicasCreating ReplicasExamples:Examples:
Creating 2 Replicas on 3 Disks: Creating 2 Replicas on 3 Disks: metadb -a -f -c 2 c0t1d0s3 c1t1d0s3 c2t1d0s3metadb -a -f -c 2 c0t1d0s3 c1t1d0s3 c2t1d0s3
Creating 3 replicas on 1 Disk:Creating 3 replicas on 1 Disk: metadb -a -f -c 3 c0t0d0s3metadb -a -f -c 3 c0t0d0s3
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2020
DiskSuite ObjectsDiskSuite ObjectsObject:Object: Assigning physical device to a DiskSuite nameAssigning physical device to a DiskSuite name
Object:Object: ReplicasReplicas MetadeviceMetadevice
StripesStripes
ConcatenationsConcatenations
MirrorsMirrors
RAID5RAID5 Hot Spare PoolsHot Spare Pools DisksetsDisksets
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2121
Objects, ReplicasObjects, ReplicasCreating Additional Replica:Creating Additional Replica: metadb -a c0t2d0s0metadb -a c0t2d0s0 metadbmetadb
Creating 2 Additional Replicas:Creating 2 Additional Replicas: metadb -a -c 2 c0t2d0s0metadb -a -c 2 c0t2d0s0
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2222
Objects, StripesObjects, StripesOne Stripe of 2 slices:One Stripe of 2 slices: metainit d10 1 2 c0t1d0s2 c0t2d0s2metainit d10 1 2 c0t1d0s2 c0t2d0s2
One Stripe of 3 slices:One Stripe of 3 slices: metainit d20 1 3 c0t1d0s2 c0t2d0s2 c0t3d0s2metainit d20 1 3 c0t1d0s2 c0t2d0s2 c0t3d0s2
Deleting Meta DevicesDeleting Meta Devices metaclear -ametaclear -a
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2323
Objects, ConcatenationObjects, ConcatenationCreating a Concatenation of 2 Slices:Creating a Concatenation of 2 Slices: metainit d25 2 1 c0t1d0s2 1 c0t2d0s1metainit d25 2 1 c0t1d0s2 1 c0t2d0s1
Creating a Concatenation of 4 Slices:Creating a Concatenation of 4 Slices: metainit d40 4 1 c0t1d0s2 1 c0t2d0s2 1 metainit d40 4 1 c0t1d0s2 1 c0t2d0s2 1
c0t2d0s3 1 c0t2d1s3c0t2d0s3 1 c0t2d1s3
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2424
Objects, MirrorsObjects, MirrorsMirror:Mirror: On different disksOn different disks Slices should be the same size!Slices should be the same size!
Types of Mirrors:Types of Mirrors: One WayOne Way Two WayTwo Way Three WayThree Way
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2525
Objects, MirrorsObjects, MirrorsCreating Two-Way Mirror:Creating Two-Way Mirror: metainit -f d51 1 1 c0t0d0s2 (/home)metainit -f d51 1 1 c0t0d0s2 (/home) metainit d52 1 1 c1t0d0s2 (unmounted)metainit d52 1 1 c1t0d0s2 (unmounted) metainit d50 -m d51metainit d50 -m d51 umount /home (What if you can’t umount!)umount /home (What if you can’t umount!) vi /etc/vfstab: /dev/md/dsk/d50vi /etc/vfstab: /dev/md/dsk/d50 newfs /dev/md/dsk/d50newfs /dev/md/dsk/d50 mount /home (on d50)mount /home (on d50) metattach d50 d52metattach d50 d52
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2626
Objects, MirrorsObjects, MirrorsCreating a Mirror from root /Creating a Mirror from root / metainit -f d11 1 1 c0t3d0s0metainit -f d11 1 1 c0t3d0s0 metainit d12 1 1 c1t3d0s0metainit d12 1 1 c1t3d0s0 metainit d10 -m d11metainit d10 -m d11 metattach d10 d12metattach d10 d12
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2727
Deleting Mirror MetadeviceDeleting Mirror Metadevice
Detaching a Mirror Meta deviceDetaching a Mirror Meta device metadetach d50 d51metadetach d50 d51
Deleting the Meta DevicesDeleting the Meta Devices
metaclear -ametaclear -a
RAID Overview
SDS Software
SDS Installation
SDS User Interfaces
MD State Database
Concats & Stripes
Mirrors
Hot Spares
RAID-5 MD
FS Operations
Disksets
2828
Objects, RAID5Objects, RAID5Creating a RAID5 metadevice of 3 slicesCreating a RAID5 metadevice of 3 slices metainit d45 -r c2t3d0s2 c3t0d0s2 c4t0d0s2metainit d45 -r c2t3d0s2 c3t0d0s2 c4t0d0s2
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