SOLAR WATER DISTLLATION

WELCOME

“SOLAR WATER DISTILLATION”By

Sheikh saad mohideen (4MK12EE) Sowmini K (4MK12EE) Vinutha N R (4MK12EE)

Under the guidance ofMr. Sathish S amsadi, B. E., M. TECH

HOD, Dept. of EEEMoodlakatte Institute of Technology

Kundapura

INTRODUCTIONWater purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals,

biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.

physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon, chemical processes such as chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.

The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards.

It is not possible to tell whether water is of an appropriate quality by visual examination

Simple procedures such as boiling or the use of activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all the possible contaminants that may be present in water.

LITERATURE REVIEWYEAR INVENTION1953 Fresh Water from Sea Water by Solar Distillation 1998 Sun and water: an overview of solar water treatment devices Materials 2002 Review of Mid- to High-Temperature Solar Selective Absorber 2006 Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector2007 Parabolic Trough Collector Overview2007 Manual making of a parabolic solar collector2008 Solar trough concentration for fresh water production and

waste water treatment

CURRENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ON THEM

• Although there are many technologies for water purification, then where the actual problem is arising. For people concerned about the quality of their municipally-supplied drinking water and unhappy with other methods of additional purification available to them

• CS collectors produce higher temperatures. They are most often used where higher temperature heat is desirable, there are large thermal loads, they provide more energy per unit of collector surface area.

MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT DISTILLED WATER

• Drinking distilled water leaches minerals from my body. FACT:• Drinking distilled water for long periods of time cause deterioration of my teeth. FACT:• Distillation takes out all the beneficial minerals need to live for the body. FACT:

DESIGN ANALYSIS

Total energy required for distillation (Q) = energy to reach boiling point (E1) + energy for phase transaction (E2) Q = E1 + E2E1 = C x M x dT Hence, Q =(C x M x dT) + (M x L)E2 = M x L = M (CdT + L) =M (4.19 x (100-30) + 2257) =M x 2550.3Usable energy = Constant x energy from the sun (Es) = (0.283367) x 3600KJ = 1020.12KJ

Area required = energy for distillation/usable solar energy

WATER OUTPUT AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP

Water quantity (liters) Energy required to distil (KJ) Area required (m2) Power (KW)

0.5 1275.2 1.4 1.4

1 2550.3 2.5 2.5

2 5016.8 5.0 5.0

3 7650.9 7.5 7.5

4 10201.2 10.0 10.0

5 12751.5 12.5 12.5

6 15301.8 15.0 15.0

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Bottle-to-bottle distillation water barrel distillation

Due to the fact that plastic may dissolve in water in the presence of the sun, these concepts were not pursued further.

DESIGN COMPONENTS

SOLAR WATER DISTILLER CONTAINS MAINLY 4 PARTS

• SOLAR COLLECTOR

• BOILER

• WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

• CONDENSER

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SOLAR WATER DISTILLER

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT

1. SOLAR REFLECTOR

Parabolic shaped acrylic mirror is used as a solar reflector. Acrylic mirror is made up of plascolite material. Plascolite undergoes to the process of vacuum metallization to give mirror finishing. That is called as acrylic mirror.


2. BOILER

• Glass vacuum tube consists of two glass tubes. These outer tube & inner tube are made of borosilicate glass. Inner tube coated with a special selective coating, which features excellent solar heat absorption and minimal heat reflection properties.

• The air is evacuated from the space between the two glass tubes to form a vacuum, which eliminates conductive and convective heat loss.


3. WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Water level controller is the T-joint with the float valve attached to the inside of the inlet end cap and opposite end is for the vacuum tube. Upper end is to connect the condenser. UPVC T-joint has high temperature withstanding capacity. Adequate amount of sealant is required for a perfect seal. The T-caps were drilled according to the different diameter required.


4. CONDENSER

This is idly cookers available in any kitchen accessory shop in various shapes and sizes. The shape recommended would be around nine inches in diameter and ten inches (or more) in height .

CONSTRUCTION

1. SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION

2. JOINING VESSELS

CONSTRUCTION

3. ACRYLIC MIRROR INSTLLATION

CONSTRUCTION

4. VACUUM TUBE INSTALLTION

WORKING PROCEDURE

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS1. TOP VIEW

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS2. FRONT VIEW

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS3. SIDE VIEW

FINAL MODEL

THEORITICAL DATA

Length of the solar collector = 4.5 ft.Width of the solar collector = 4.067 ft.Area of the solar collector = 18.3015 ft.

RESULT OBTAINEDTemperature of water raised = 30°C - 110°C Water purified in peak hour(12pm-1pm) = 1 literWater purified in whole sunny day = 7.8-8 liter

THEORITICAL DATA

Hardness of impure water = 3.507g

Hardness of pure water = 1.2035g

Diff. in hardness = 2.3035g

Hardness reduced in % = 65.68%

(This experiment is done for 25ml of water)

ADVANTAGES

Solar energy is freely available and renewable source

This device is eco friendly, 100% pollution free

There are no moving parts; it is therefore reliable and almost

maintenance free

Its initial cost is less, and less maintenance cost

There is no wastage of energy; so its efficiency is also high

Because of sudden change in temperature, it kill bacteria

DISADVANTAGES

Non availability of sun(solar energy) at night time.

vacuum tube is opened at only one end.

This model distill water slowly compared to other methods like RO system.

APPLICATIONS

It is used for water purification

This steam can be used for power generation

By using this steam, we can prepare food also

CONCLUSION

Compared to conventional processes, this purifier cost will be less. For remote areas with no access to electricity and for region where scarcity of pure water, this project is best suited one.

After performing the project, it can be concluded that it is a simple process to distill water. The unlimited free solar energy which will minimize the energy consumption.

This solar water distiller is the most economical and efficient water purifier for the future.

REFERENCES

[1] G D Rai, “Renewable Energy Sources” Text book fifth edition (April 2012).

[2] Jacobson, E & Ketjoy, N. Solar Parabolic Trough Simulation and Application for a

Hybrid Power Plant in Thailand. [email protected]

[3] Archer, D. Qu, M & Masson, S. (2006). Renewable Energy Resources and a Greener

Future. “A Linear Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Performance Model”. Vol 8.

[4] Engineering Toolbox. (2010, April 29). http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/overall-heat-

transfer-coefficients-d_284.html

Thank

you