Concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) offers a clean renewable source of energy. Combined with energy storage, CSP can be dispatchable, on- demand power, decoupling solar energy supply with consumer energy demand, which is currently difficult with other renewables. Current thermal energy storage methods such as sensible or latent heat are currently cost-prohibitive due to low energy density. Thermochemical energy storage offers a potentially game-changing approach to storage thermal energy in the form of chemical bonds for later release. Thermochemical storage can be orders of magnitude more energy dense than previously explored energy storage methods. Here we explore a reversible decomposition-carbonation reaction involving SrCO3/SrO and CO2. HPR-20 QIC R&D The Hiden HPR-20 QIC R&D specialist gas analysis system is a bench-top mass spectrometer for the monitoring of evolved gases and vapors. For further information on this or other Hiden Analytical products contact Hiden Analytical Inc. at [email protected]or visit the main website at www.HidenInc.com instruments for advanced science Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage SEM image of porous SrO/SrCO3 sample 8 Hiden Analytical Inc. 734.542.6666, 1.888.964.4336 www.HidenInc.com View Poster on Page 2 ANALYTICAL : Thermochemical energy storage is the next step in creating a self-sustaining society because it allows for energy supply to meet the electricity demand. Chemical bonds provide much higher storage capacities than the conventional energy storage methods; renewable storage schemes with greater energy storage density will potentially have a faster path to economic viability. A potential thermochemical storage cycle lies in the carbonation/decomposition of SrO/SrCO. It offers the prospect of capturing thermal energy and releasing it at temperatures above 1200°C. One of the fundamental aspects of the project depends on the amount of surface area of the physical structure. To obtain an optimal amount of surface area, the current project involves creating a matrix through the mixing of heat treated SrO and decomposition of sacrificial carbon. The temperatures at which the SrO is being heat treated varied along with the size of the particles being used; also the ratio and size of the carbon particles are being varied to find the optimal structure with the most surface area. SrCO3 ↔ SrO + CO2(g) Reversible No catalysis High temperature (~1200°C) Safe Joanna Julien, Jeremy Grunewald, Kelvin Randhir, Nathan Rhodes, Conrad Cole, Nick AuYeung, Like Li, Renwei Mei, David Hahn Future Work High Temperature Furnace Bed Investigation into carbonation at elevated pressure Objective: To find the variable/s that most affects the energy density. It is hypothesized that an optimized amount of surface area will maximize the energy density. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15-1 15-2 16 25-38 H 106-125 20% Po Procedure: 1. A matrix was created 2. Heat treat the SrO 3. Crush and sieve the materials to the appropriate sizes 4. Mix the SrO and graphite to the appropriate ratios 5. Evaluate the reactivity of the samples using a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) With 5 cycles done with the TGA, the assumption is that the energy density will be stable with continued cycles for each sample. The sample that showed the most promise was sample 15 in terms of energy density. The energy density of 15 started off around 3500 MJ/m^3 in the first cycle and tapered off to just above 1500 MJ/m^3, about 7% higher than the base powder. When comparing the effects of the parameters alone and together, the data shows that both the size of the SrO particles and the graphite particles create a large effect on the energy density. Surface area appears to have an affect on energy density. The next question should be what stabilizes the energy density ? Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage
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Concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) offers a clean renewable source of energy. Combined with energy storage, CSP can be dispatchable, on-demand power, decoupling solar energy supply with consumer energy demand, which is currently difficult with other renewables. Current thermal energy storage methods such as sensible or latent heat are currently cost-prohibitive due to low energy density. Thermochemical energy storage offers a potentially game-changing approach to storage thermal energy in the form of chemical bonds for later release. Thermochemical storage can be orders of magnitude more energy dense than previously explored energy storage methods. Here we explore a reversible decomposition-carbonation reaction involving SrCO3/SrO and CO2.
HPR-20 QIC R&D
The Hiden HPR-20 QIC R&D specialist gas analysis system is a bench-top mass spectrometer for the monitoring of evolved gases and vapors.
For further information on this or other Hiden Analytical products contact Hiden Analytical Inc. at [email protected] or visit the main website at www.HidenInc.com
instruments for advanced science
Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage
SEM image of porous SrO/SrCO3 sample 8
Hiden Analytical Inc. 734.542.6666, 1.888.964.4336 www.HidenInc.com
View Poster on Page 2
A NA L YTICA L
Abstract: Thermochemical energy storage is the next step in creating a self-sustaining society because it allows for energy supply to meet the electricity demand. Chemical bonds provide much higher storage capacities than the conventional energy storage methods; renewable storage schemes with greater energy storage density will potentially have a faster path to economic viability. A potential thermochemical storage cycle lies in the carbonation/decomposition of SrO/SrCO3. It offers the prospect of capturing thermal energy and releasing it at temperatures above 1200°C. One of the fundamental aspects of the project depends on the amount of surface area of the physical structure. To obtain an optimal amount of surface area, the current project involves creating a matrix through the mixing of heat treated SrO and decomposition of sacrificial carbon. The temperatures at which the SrO is being heat treated varied along with the size of the particles being used; also the ratio and size of the carbon particles are being varied to find the optimal structure with the most surface area.
SrCO3 ↔ SrO + CO2(g)
Reversible No catalysis High temperature (~1200°C)Safe
Joanna Julien, Jeremy Grunewald, Kelvin Randhir, Nathan Rhodes, Conrad Cole, Nick AuYeung, Like Li, Renwei Mei, David Hahn
AcknowledgementsWe are very appreciative of funding from Hiden Analytical for participation in this poster session. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Sunshot Initiative as part of the ELEMENTS program, award DE-EE0006534.
Future Work
Parameter Level Selected Values
A Heat treatment temperature (TH)- 1235 °C+ 1400 °C
B SrO particle size (S) - 25 µm -38 µm+ 106 µm -125 µm
C Graphite particle size (Sg)- 25 µm -38 µm
+ 106 µm – 125 µm
D Mass ratio of graphite to SrO (r) - 0.2+ 0.7
E Structure formation temperature (Ts)- 1100°C+ 1300°C
Preliminary data showing dynamic cycling between 1100 and 1300°C at 10°C/min. pCO2 = 0.33 bar
Ar
Heat Exchanger
Mass Flow Meter
Mass Flow Controllers
High Temperature Furnace
He
CO2
Bed
Pressure transducer
Hiden HPR-20 MS BPR
Investigation into carbonation at elevated pressure
*SEM image of porous SrO/SrCO3 sample 8.
Objective: To find the variable/s that most affects the energy density. It is hypothesized that an optimized amount of surface area will maximize the energy density.
3. Crush and sieve the materials to the appropriate sizes
4. Mix the SrO and graphite to the appropriate ratios
5. Evaluate the reactivity of the samples using a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA)
Conclusion: With 5 cycles done with the TGA, the assumption is that the energy density will be stable with continued cycles for each sample. The sample that showed the most promise was sample 15 in terms of energy density. The energy density of 15 started off around 3500 MJ/m^3 in the first cycle and tapered off to just above 1500 MJ/m^3, about 7% higher than the base powder. When comparing the effects of the parameters alone and together, the data shows that both the size of the SrO particles and the graphite particles create a large effect on the energy density. Surface area appears to have an affect on energy density. The next question should be what stabilizes the energy density ?