Solar Evaporation Ponds at the Salton Sea for Salinity Control Process, Progress, and Opportunities
Jan 05, 2016
Solar Evaporation Ponds at the Salton Sea for
Salinity Control
Process, Progress, and Opportunities
Agrarian Research and Management
Company
under contract to
Solar Evaporation Ponds offer a salinity control method that
is:
Technically feasible
Economically viable
Environmentally friendly
Existing solar salt ponds in operation for over 100 years
Evaluation of suitable area for siting of solar evaporation ponds at the Salton Sea based on soil seepage, slope, and considerations of land use
Large ponds take in brine and expose it to sunlight and
evaporation
Concentrator
Pond 1Concentrator
Pond 2Concentrator
Pond 3
Solid
Salt
Pond
Water from Salton Sea
Bittern
salts
Water volumeConcentration
The evaporation ponds concentrate salt and evaporate water
until only solid and bittern salts remain
Pumps and gravity move the water
Pilot Demonstration Project at Niland
How Evaporation Ponds can Control Salinity at the Salton Sea
Salton Sea
Inflow to Sea: water + salt
No outflow: salt accumulates
Water + salt removed to evaporation ponds:
Water evaporates
Salt remains on shore
Possible Conceptual Design for Solar
Evaporation Ponds
Salt is stored where it is deposited, and the pond levees are built higher to
accommodate it
Bittern salts may not be solid, but they make up a very small
volume
Bittern ponds
Progress at the Pilot Pond Project
Evaporation rates of brine
Salt formation in the crystallizer
ponds
Collection of brine and salt chemistry data
Evaluation of seepage through berms as well as
floor of ponds
Solar Salt Ponds and Wildlife
Wildlife Refuges in Salt Pond Habitat
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge with
Western Salt
Don Edwards NWF San
Francisco Bay with Cargill Salt
CDF&G Wildlife Refuge Napa, State management alone
shallow saline water for feeding
saline water
produces rich food source
nesting habitat
Berms and islands create safe resting places
Crystallizers are a refuge for resting
Lands affected would be
adjacent to, or close to, the existing Sea
margins
Potential accumulation of contaminants in concentrators
and solid salt deposits
Selenium Pesticides Metal residues Other agricultural chemicals such
as fertilizers
Preliminary indications are that these issues will not prove to be problems
for solar evaporation pond implementation
Advantages and Benefits
Solar ponds most economical Solar salt ponds in use for over 100 years Solar salt ponds can be managed for habitat “Win – Win” situation for salinity control and
habitat Alternatives available to deal with loss of
water in the Sea Economic and environmental benefits to
area
Future of Solar Evaporation Salt Ponds at
the Salton Sea
Salinity problem must be addressed in order to maintain habitat values
Assessment of environmental concerns is in progress
The most viable and beneficial solution available to solve the
salinity problem
Salts produced from a typical brine
CaSo4
NaClMgCl
NaSO4
KCl
Ton NaCl / ac/in
Results from the brine chemistry investigations
Chloride
0510152025
B22B27B39B24B21B35
Sample
Wt
% Series1
Series2
Series3
Series4
BR
Magnesium
0
2
4
6
8
Sample
Wt
%
Series1
Series2
Series3
Series4
Calcium
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
B22B27B39B24B21B35
Sample
Wt
%
BR
AR
h-P
Sulfate
024681012
B22B27B39B24B21B35
Sample
Wt
%
Series1
Series2
Series3
Series4