Soils in india

.OUR PRIME AND NATURAL RESOURCE ON EARTH.

.INDIAN SOILS– 6 DIFFERENT TYPES

.DIFFER IN COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE.

SOIL

SOILS IN INDIA• Valuable resource of India

• .Indian agriculture depends upon the extent and qualities of soil.

• Weathering prepares loose materials on the surface of the Earth and mixed with decayed organic matters it forms soil.

India witnesses diverse range of climatic and other natural conditions.

Climate, natural vegetation and rocks all influence the nature of soil in a place

ALLUVIAL SOIL

•PECULIARITIES

Formed by deposition of fine silt sediments (alluvium) by rivers

Old alluvium (khadar) and new alluvium (bangar)

Contains potash, phosphoric acid and lime.

Rich in humus and hence fertile

Found in Great Northern Plains, lower valleys of rivers Narmada and Tapti and in Northern Gujarat.

Good for growth of sugarcane,rice, wheat and pulses

LATERITE SOIL

PECULIARITIES

Formed due to in tense leaching and weathering of parent rocks

Rich in iron oxide hence rusty red in colour and not much fertile.

Commonly found in Kerala, Tamil Nadu,

Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.

Some plants like tea, coffee, coconut, areca nut, etc. can be grown .

RED SOIL

PECULIARITIES

Develop on granite and geneses rocks under low rainfall condition.

Dissemination of red oxides of iron gives the characteristic red color .

Friable and medium fertile Found mainly in almost whole of Tamil Nadu, South-

eastern Karnataka, North-eastern and South-eastern Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand the major parts of Orissa, and the Hills and Plateaus of North-east India.

Good growth of crops after taking help of irrigation and fertilizers.

Wheat, rice, millets, gram, pulses, oil-seeds and cotton are cultivated.

BLACK SOIL

PECULIARITIES

Developed extensively upon the Lava Plateaus of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh mainly Malwa.

Clayey and very sticky when wet. High water holding capacity and fertile. Have high percentage of lime and a moderate

amount of potash. Well suited for cultivation of cotton , hence

called ‘black cotton soil. Sugarcane, wheat, and groundnut are

cultivated

MOUNTAIN SOIL

PECULIARITIES

Rich in humus but poor in potash and lime

Found in mountains and hill tops .

Seen in Jammu and Kashmir, U.P., West Bengal in the Himalayan tracts.

 The Himalayas, the North-eastern Hills, mountains and hills in India show a variety of soils.

 In the drier areas of deciduous forest belt, brown soils are found, rich in humus and deep and good for orchard crops.

In coniferous forest belts in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, etc., brown forest soils called Podzol are good for growing maize, barley, wheat and fruits.

In the Alpine Zone of the Himalayas lie Alpine Meadow soils.

DESERT SOIL

PECULIARITIES

Gritty and sandy. Drains well but does not contain so many nutrients Shift and blow away with the wind as it is very

light Found in Rajasthan, Haryana and the South

Punjab areas. Become saline and rather unfit for cultivation in

the absence of rain. Cultivation can be carried on with the help of

modern irrigation. Wheat, bajra, groundnut, etc. can be grown.

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