Soil Properties Soil Properties and Behaviour and Behaviour Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Dec 17, 2015
Soil Properties and Soil Properties and BehaviourBehaviour
Department of Agricultural and Biological
Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
95B—Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain
98—Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift Plain
105—Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills
108A and 108B—Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift
110—Northern Illinois and Indiana Heavy Till Plain
113—Central Claypan Areas
114B—Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and Till Plain, Western Part
115A, 115B, and 115C—Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes
120B—Kentucky and Indiana Sandstone and Shale Hills and Valleys, Northwestern Part
131A—Southern Mississippi River Alluvium
134—Southern Mississippi Valley Loess
This well and moderately-well drained "timber soil" formed in less than 20 inches of loess over Illinoian drift. It occupies 1.3 million acres in the state. It has a PI of 80.
Hickory Silt Loam
This poorly drained "prairie soil" formed in more than 60 inches of loess. There are about 925,000 acres mapped in Illinois. It has a PI of 155.
Sable Silty Clay
Loam
Typical pattern of soils and Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the parent material in the Drummer-Flanagan Drummer-Flanagan association.association.
This poorly drained "prairie soil" formed in 40 to 60 inches of loess over Wisconsinan drift. It occupies nearly 1.6 million acres. It has a high management level productivity index (PI) of 150.
Drummer Silty Clay
Loam
This poorly drained "gray prairie soil" formed in 30 to 55 inches of loess over Illinoian drift. About 730,000 acres occur in south central Illinois. It has a PI of 115.
Cisne Silt Loam
Typical pattern of soils and Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Titus-parent material in the Titus-Beaucoup-Tice association.Beaucoup-Tice association.
Saturated (all pores filled)
Field Capacity (Some air, some water)
Wilting point(water too tightly held for plant use)
Water held in large pores
Available for crop use
CapillaryWater
GravitationalWater
FieldCapacity
Water adheres to soil particles
Water drains through soil profile
HydroscopicWater
WiltingPoint
Simplified Soil Texture Simplified Soil Texture TriangleTriangle
Soils with more than 30% clay are Clays
Soils with 20 - 30% clay are Clay Loams
Soils with less than 20% clay are Loams unless they have more than 80% sand
Soils with more than 80% sand are Sands
Soils with more than 50% sand are Sandy
Soils with more than 50% silt are Silty
Classification by PermeabilityClassification by Permeability
less than 0.06 inch per hour
Very slowly permeable
0.06 to 0.2 inch per hourSlowly permeable
4
0.2 to 0.6 inch per hour
Moderately slowly permeable3
0.6 to 2 inches per hour
Moderately permeable2
2 to 6 inches per hour
Moderately rapidly permeable
More than 6 inches per hourRapidly permeable
1
The water table is near the surface only during the very wettest periods
Somewhat poorly drainedB
The water table remains near, at, or above the
surface much of the time
Very poorly drained
The water table is at or near the surface during
the wetter seasons of the year
Poorly drained
A
Classification by Natural Classification by Natural DrainageDrainage
Soil Drainage GroupsSoil Drainage Groups
DRAINAGE GROUP 2A (moderately permeable, poorly or very poorly drained)
633 Traer261 Niota 136 Brooklyn 45 Denny
576 Zwingle218 Newberry 120 Huey 26 Wagner
474 Piasa208 Sexton 112 Cowden 16 Rushville
460 Ginat206 Thorp 109 Racoon 12 Wynoose
287 Chauncey165 Weir 84 Okaw 2 Cisne
DRAINAGE GROUP 4A (slowly and very slowly permeable, poorly or very poorly drained)
316 Romeo329 Will153 Pella125 Selma648 Clyde252 Harvel152
Drummer68 Sable594 Reddick244 Hartsburg142 Patton67 Harpster
Illinois Drainage Guide (Online)
Revised 2005
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“Living document”
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www.wq.uiuc.edu/dg/
Content Circular 1226 content – Reviewed and revised
Drainage Guidelines
Outlets for Drainage Systems
Surface Drainage
Subsurface Drainage
Basic Terminology
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