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SOIL HAZARD DEFINITION:
Soil hazard is caused the presence of human-made chemical or other alteration in the natural soil environment.
It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals and improper disposal of waste.
Toxic wastesReactive wastesIgnitable wastesCorrosive wastesInfectious wastesExplosive wastesMunicipal solid wastesAgricultural wastes
Types of soil hazards
Toxic wastes are those that are poisonous in small or trace amounts.
Carcinogenic or mutagenic causing biological changes in children of exposed people and animal.
Ex: pesticides, heavy material.
Toxic wastes
Which have a tendency to react vigorously with air or water are unstable to shock or heat, generate toxic gases.
Ex: gun powder, nitroglycerine.
Reactive wastes
Are those that burn at relatively low temperature
(<600c) and are capable of spontaneous combustion during storage or disposal.
Ex: Gasoline, Paint thinners and Alcohol.
Ignitable wastes
Corrosive materials are those that destroy material and living tissues by chemical reactions.
Ex: Acids and base.
Corrosive wastes
Infectious wastes includes human tissue from surgery, used bandages, hypoderm needles, hospital wastes.
Infectious wastes
An explosive waste is a gaseous waste which is in itself capable, by chemical reaction.
Producing gas at such a temperature, pressure and speed, as to cause damage to the surroundings.
Explosive wastes
• Municipal solid wastes are also called as trash or garbage. It contains food wastes like vegetable and meat material, left over food, egg shells, paper, plastic, glass bottles, cardboard boxes, aluminium foil.
Municipal solid wastes
Common domestic wastes Time taken for degeneration
Kitchen wastes vegetables, fruits
1-2 weeks
Paper, card board paper 15 days-1 month
Cotton clothes 2-5 months
Woolen clothes About a year
Metal cans, tin, aluminum 100-500 years
plastics 1 million year
Domestic wastes and their degeneration time
The wastes generated by agriculture wates includes waste from crops and live stock.
Agricultural wastes are rice husk, bagasse, ground nut shell, maize cobs and straw of cereal.
Agricultural wastes
Principle 1: Conducting a hazard analysis
Principle 2: Identifying the critical control
points(CCP)
Principle 3: Establishing critical control point
monitoring requirements.
Principle 4: Establishing critical limits for each critical
control point.
Preventive and protective measures in hazard control
Principle 5: Establishing corrective actions
Principle 6: Establishing record keeping procedures.
Principle 7: Establishing procedures for ensuring the
HACCP system is working as intended
Email Based Assignment Help in Protective And
Preventive Measures In Hazards Control
1)Reduce
2)Reuse
3)Recycle
1) Reduce: Reduce the amount and toxicity of garbage and trash
that you discard. Source reduction means consuming and discarding less,
is a successful method of reducing waste generation.
Waste production can be minimized by adopting the 3R’s principle:
2) Re-use: It is a process it involves re-using items by repairing
them, donating them to charity, and community groups, or selling them.
3)Recycling: The process of recycling, including composting, has
diverted several million tons of material away from disposal.
It create vulnerable resources and it generates a host of environmental, financial, and social benefits.
. Wastes to energy
1) Gasification
2) Pyralysis
Biogas production
Methane and organic fertilizer.
Agricultural wastes like corn cobs, paddy husk, bagasse of sugarcane, waste of wheat, coconut wastes, jute waste, rice and other cereals, cotton stalks etc can be used in making of paper and hard board.
Management