Soil Fertility Atlas 2011

7/25/2019 Soil Fertility Atlas 2011

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Citation: Wani SP, Sahrawat KL, Sarvesh KV, Baburao Mudbi, and Krishnappa K (eds.)2011. Soil Fertility Atlas for Karnataka, India. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India:International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 312 pp. ISBN 978-92-9066-

543-4. Order code: BOE 055.

Abstract

use of fertilizers supplying various nutrient elements. This Atlas comprises of results from productivity of rain-fed systems in the state of Karnataka by adopting science-led approachwith technical backstopping from ICRISAT-led consortium. The recommendations on nutrient

Following a soil sampling methodology standardized earlier, 92904 soil samples were collectedfrom 30 districts of Karnataka in India. The soil samples were processed and analyzed forpH, electrical conductivity (EC) as a measure of salts, organic carbon (as a proxy for availablenitrogen), and available phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron and zinc using standard methods.

Soil samples were prepared showing the category of soil sample per nutrient or soil fertility

results at the Taluka or Block level of each of the 30 districts.The results showed that soil reaction was in the neutral range with a few soil samples in the acid results on available sulfur, boron and zinc were most revealing. Considering the mean values of

or farmers. The results presented in the maps are made web-based for easy access and practical

© International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2011. All rights reserved.

ICRISAT holds the copyright to its publications, but these can be shared and duplicated for non-commercial

purposes. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part(s) or all of any publication for non-commercial use is

hereby granted as long as ICRISAT is properly cited. For any clarication, please contact the irector of

C i ti t i i t@ i ICRISAT’ d l i t d t d k d t b d



Soil Fertility Atlas for Karnataka, India

Department of Agriculture

Government of Karnataka

Bengaluru 560 001, Karnataka, India

Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India

Editors

Suhas P Wani, KL Sahrawat, KV Sarvesh, Mudbi Baburao,

and K Krishnappa



ii

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Government of Karnataka for its bold and innovative

initiative to adopt science-led approach for development in the state. This is possible largely

because of examplery leadership shown by the leaders and policy makers in the state. Wesincerely acknowledge support of Mr Sandeep Dave, Commissioner of Watershed and

currently Principal Secretary, Principal Secretary to Government, Department of Agriculture,

who initiated the soil fertility mapping in six districts of Karnataka under Sujala-ICRISAT

initiative at the pilot for scaling-up productivity enhancement measures to cover 3700

ha. Based on the results of the pilot initiative in 2009, Dr KV Raju, Economic Advisor to

Hon. Chief Minister of Karnataka, Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner

Directors of Agriculture - Organic Farming, Crop Development and Planning; Joint Directors

of Agriculture - Inputs, Development; Deputy Directors of Agriculture - Soil Health and

Food Crops; All District Joint Directors of Agriculture; All Assistant Director of Agriculture;

Universities; ICRISAT, Patancheru; NBSS&LUP, Nagpur; Farm Facilitators and Farmers).

assistance provided by the Government of Karnataka to ICRISAT is gratefully acknowledged.

ICRISAT who undertook the analysis and Soil analytical laboratory in the state of Karnataka

who have undertaken the analysis. We also acknowledge ICRISAT’s GIS Lab, Communication



iii

List of Project Team

Project Leader

Suhas P Wani Resilient Dryland Systems, ICRISAT

Members

Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner, Govt. of Karnataka

Additional Directors of Agriculture - Organic Farming, Crop Development and Planning, GoK

All Agriculture Assistants of ICRISAT and Govt. of Karnataka

All Assistant Directors of Agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka

All District Joint Directors of Agriculture. Govt. of KarnatakaCommissioner, Department of Agriculture, Govt. of KarnatakaDeputy Directors of Agriculture - Soil Health and Food Crops, Govt. of KarnatakaDirector of Agriculture, Commissionerate of Agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka

Economic Advisor to Hon’ble Chief Minister, Govt. of KarnatakaFarm Facilitators and Farmers

Joint Directors of Agriculture - Inputs, Development, Govt. of KarnatakaKishnappa K, Visiting Scientist, Resilient Dryland Systems, ICRISAT

Principal Secretary to Government, Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka

Sahrawat KL, Consultant, Resilient Dryland Systems, ICRISATVice Chancellor, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, KarnatakaVice Chancellor, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka

Vice Chancellor, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka





Contents

Messages ........................................................................................................................ vii-xiv

Introduction ............................................................................................................................1

...........................................................1

References ...............................................................................................................................2

Karnataka Soil Fertility Status at a Glance .........................................................................3

District-wise Soil Status Maps ............................................................................................23

Appendix: Chemical characteristics of Karnataka soils ...............................................265





vii

Message

Agriculture is the main stay for survival of all civilization as it is the

Therefore, the fertility of our soils is an indicator of the health condition of the

Krishi

Karman Award



viii

William D Dar

Director GeneralICRISAT

Message

The Soil Fertility Atlas of Karnataka



ix

Message



x

Message



xi

Message

Intensive agriculture has led to increasing removal of secondary and



xii

Message

Commissioner, Watersheds



xiii

Message



xiv

Message



1

Introduction

soils. However, it is a commonly held belief that at relatively low yields of crops in the

crop production systems. It is duly recognized and emphasized that the productivity of SAT

soils is low due to water shortage. Apart from water shortage, low fertility is also an issue

because low fertility constrains crop productivity in the SAT regions of India, but in practice

Moreover, the inputs of major nutrients to dryland production systems are meager. Also, due

to low productivity of the dryland, it is generally assumed that the mining of micronutrientreserves in soils is much less than in irrigated production systems.

Our past research showed that the SAT soils of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh

states are widespread; and the productivity of these soils can be sustainably enhanced

through balanced nutrient management. Our research also demonstrated that soil testing

al. 2010). This report further uses soil testing to cover entire SAT districts of Karnataka and

management in pursuit of sustainable enhancement of agricultural productivity in rain-fed

areas of Karnataka.

To characterize the fertility status of soils, 92904 soil samples were collected from farmers’

arable land in watersheds varied along with land holding size and cropping systems. Soil

sampling strategy was based on taking samples to represent the entire watershed. The soil



2

sampling units were decided on the basis of crop, area covered by the crop and number of

category. For soil sampling, we randomly selected 20% farmers in each position on the

sample.

The soil samples were air-dried and powdered with wooden hammer to pass through a 2-mm

sieve. For organic carbon analysis, the soil samples were ground to pass through a 0.25-mm

sieve. Prepared samples were analyzed for various fertility characteristics using methods

using soil to water ratio of 1:2 organic carbon was determined using the Walkley-Black

method. Exchangeable or available potassium was determined using the ammonium acetate

2) as an extractant;

3) test. Available

zinc was extracted by DTPA reagent and available boron was extracted by hot water.

References

Sahrawat KL, Rego TJ, Wani SP and Pardhasaradhi G. 2008. Stretching soil sampling to watershed:

Evaluation of soil-test parameters in a semi-arid tropical watershed. Communications in Soil Science

and Plant Analysis 39:2950-2960.

Sahrawat KL, Wani SP, Pardhasaradhi G and Murthy KVS. 2010. Diagnosis of secondary and

semi-arid tropics. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 41:346-360.



Karnataka Soil Fertility Status

at a Glance





5

Figure 1. Soil orders of Karnataka state

➣N

Source: NBSS&LUP, Nagpur, India



6

Figure 2. pH status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



7

Figure 3. Electrical conductivity status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



8

Figure 4. Organic carbon status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



9

Figure 5. Available phosphorus status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



10

Figure 6. Available potassium status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



11

Figure 7. Available sulphur status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



12

Figure 8. Available zinc status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



13

Figure 9. Available boron status of Karnataka soils

➣

N



14

Figure 10. Karnataka soil status - pH

39

58

2



15

Figure 11. Karnataka soil status - Electrical conductivity

96

3

C

C



16

Figure 12. Karnataka soil status - Organic carbon

5248

D



17

Figure 13. Karnataka soil status - Available phosphorus

4159

D



18

Figure 14. Karnataka soil status - Available potassium

23

77

D



19

Figure 15. Karnataka soil status - Available sulfur

5248

D



20

Figure 16. Karnataka soil status - Available zinc

5545

D



21

Figure 17. Karnataka soil status - Available boron

6238

D





District-wise

Soil Status Maps



24

F i g u r e 1 8 . p H s t a t u s i n B a g a l k o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



25

F i g u r e 1 9 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n B a

g a l k o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



26

F i g u r e 2 0 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n B a g a l k o t

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



27

F i g u r e 2 1 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n B a

g a l k o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



28

F i g u r e 2 2 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n B a g a l k o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



29

F i g u r e 2 3 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n B a g a l k

o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



30

F i g u r e 2 4 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n B a g a l k o t d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



31

F i g u r e 2 5 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s B a g a l k o t d i s t r i c t

➣ N



32

Figure 26. pH status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



33

Figure 27. Electrical conductivity status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



34

Figure 28. Organic carbon status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



35

Figure 29. Available phosphorus status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



36

Figure 30. Available potassium status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣

N



37

Figure 31. Available sulphur status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



38

Figure 32. Available zinc status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



39

Figure 33. Available boron status in Bengaluru Urban district

➣N



40

Figure 34. pH status in Belgaum district

➣N



41

Figure 35. Electrical conductivity status in Belgaum district

➣N



42

Figure 36. Organic carbon status in Belgaum district

➣N



43

Figure 37. Available phosphorus status in Belgaum district

➣N



44

Figure 38. Available potassium status in Belgaum district

➣

N



45

Figure 39. Available sulphur status in Belgaum district

➣N



46

Figure 40. Available zinc status in Belgaum district

➣N



47

Figure 41. Available boron status in Belgaum district

➣N



48

F i g u r e 4 2 . p H s t a t u s i n B e l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



49

F i g u r e 4 3 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n B e

l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



50

F i g u r e 4 4 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n B e l l a r y d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



51

F i g u r e 4 5 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n B e

l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



52

F i g u r e 4 6 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n B e l l

a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



53

F i g u r e 4 7 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n B e l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



54

F i g u r e 4 8 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n B e l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



55

F i g u r e 4 9 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n B e l l a r y d i s t r i c t

➣ N



56

F i g u r e 5 0 . p H s t a t u s i n B e n g a l u r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



57

F i g u r e 5 1 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n B e

n g a l u r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



58

F i g u r e 5 2 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n B e n g a l u r

u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



59

F i g u r e 5 3 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n B e

n g a l u r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



60

F i g u r e 5 4 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n B e n

g a l u r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



61

F i g u r e 5 5 . A v a i l a

b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n B e n g a l u r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



62

F i g u r e 5 6 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n B e n g a l u r u

R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



63

F i g u r e 5 7 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n B e n g a l u

r u R u r a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



64

F i g u r e 5 8 . p H s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



65

F i g u r e 5 9 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n B i

d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



66

F i g u r e 6 0 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s

t r i c t

➣ N



67

F i g u r e 6 1 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



68

F i g u r e 6 2 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



69

F i g u r e 6 3 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



70

F i g u r e 6 4 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



71

F i g u r e 6 5 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n B i d a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



72

➣N



73

➣N



74

➣N



75

➣N



76

➣N



77

➣N



78

➣N



79

➣N



80

F i g u r e 7 4 . p H s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



81

F i g u r e 7 5 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



82

F i g u r e 7 6 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a

j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



83

F i g u r e 7 7 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n C h

a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



84

F i g u r e 7 8 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n C h a

m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



85

F i g u r e 7 9 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



86

F i g u r e 8 0 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



87

F i g u r e 8 1 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n C h a m a r a j a n a g a r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



88

F i g u r e 8 2 . p H s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c

t

➣ N



89

F i g u r e 8 3 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



90

F i g u r e 8 4 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



91


i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



92

F i g u r e 8 6 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



93

F i g u r e 8 7 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



94

F i g u r e 8 8 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



95

F i g u r e 8 9 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n C h i k a b a

l l a p u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



96

F i g u r e 9 0 . p H s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



97

F i g u r e 9 1 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n C h

i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



98

F i g u r e 9 2 . O r g a n i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



99


i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



100

F i g u r e 9 4 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



101

F i g u r e 9 5 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



102

F i g u r e 9 6 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g

a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



103

F i g u r e 9 7 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n C h i k a m a g a l u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



104

Figure 98. pH status in Chitradurga district

➣N



105

Figure 99. Electrical conductivity status in Chitradurga district

➣N



106

Figure 100. Organic carbon status in Chitradurga district

➣N



107

Figure 101. Available phosphorus status in Chitradurga district

➣N



108

Figure 102. Available potassium status in Chitradurga district

➣N



109

Figure 103. Available sulphur status in Chitradurga district

➣N



110

Figure 104. Available zinc status in Chitradurga district

➣N



111

Figure 105. Available boron status in Chitradurga district

➣N



112

F i g u r e 1 0 6 . p H s t a t u s i n D a k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



113

F i g u r e 1 0 7 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n D

a k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N ➣

N



114

F i g u r e 1 0 8 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n D a k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



115

F i g u r e 1 0 9 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n D

a k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



116

F i g u r e 1 1 0 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n D a

k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



117

F i g u r e 1 1 1 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n D a k s

h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



118

F i g u r e 1 1 2 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n D a k s h i n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



119

F i g u r e 1 1 3 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n D a k s h i

n a K a n n a d a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



120

Figure 114. pH status in Davangere district

➣

N



121

Figure 115. Electrical conductivity status in Davangere district

➣N



122

Figure 116. Organic carbon status in Davangere district

➣N



123

Figure 117. Available phosphorus status in Davangere district

➣N



124

Figure 118. Available potassium status in Davangere district

➣N



125

Figure 119. Available sulphur status in Davangere district

➣N



126

Figure 120. Available zinc status in Davangere district

➣N



127

Figure 121. Available boron status in Davangere district

➣N



128

F i g u r e 1 2 2 . p H s t a t u s i n D h a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



129

F i g u r e 1 2 3 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n D

h a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



130

F i g u r e 1 2 4 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n D h a r w a

d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



131

F i g u r e 1 2 5 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n D

h a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



132

F i g u r e 1 2 6 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n D h

a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



133

F i g u r e 1 2 7 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n D h a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



134

F i g u r e 1 2 8 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n D h a r w a d

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



135

F i g u r e 1 2 9 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n D h a r w a d d i s t r i c t

➣ N



136

Figure 130. pH status in Gadag district

➣N



137

Figure 131. Electrical conductivity status in Gadag district

➣N



138

Figure 132. Organic carbon status in Gadag district

➣N



139

Figure 133. Available phosphorus status in Gadag district

➣N



140

Figure 134. Available potassium status in Gadag district

➣N



141

Figure 135. Available sulphur status in Gadag district

➣N



142

Figure 136. Available zinc status in Gadag district

➣N



143

Figure 137. Available boron status in Gadag district

➣N



144

F i g u r e 1 3 8 . p H s t a t u s i n G u l b a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



145

F i g u r e 1 3 9 . E l e c t r

i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n G

u l b a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



146

F i g u r e 1 4 0 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n G u l b a r g

a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



147

F i g u r e 1 4 1 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n G

u l b a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



148

F i g u r e 1 4 2 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n G u

l b a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



149

F i g u r e 1 4 3 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n G u l b

a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



150

F i g u r e 1 4 4 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n G u l b a r g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



151

F i g u r e 1 4 5 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n G u l b a r

g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



152

F i g u r e 1 4 6 . p H s t a t u s i n H a s s a n d i s t r i c t

➣ N



153

F i g u r e 1 4 7 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n H

a s s a n d i s t r i c t

➣ N



154

F i g u r e 1 4 8 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n H a s s a n

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



155

F i g u r e 1 4 9 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n H

a s s a n d i s t r i c t

➣ N



156

F i g u r e 1 5 0 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n H a

s s a n d i s t r i c t

➣ N





158

F i g u r e 1 5 2 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n H a s s a n d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



159

F i g u r e 1 5 3 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n H a s s a n

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



160

F i g u r e 1 5 4 . p H s t a t u s i n H a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



161

F i g u r e 1 5 5 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n H

a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



162

F i g u r e 1 5 6 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n H a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



163

F i g u r e 1 5 7 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n H

a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



164

F i g u r e 1 5 8 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n H a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



165

F i g u r e 1 5 9 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n H a v e

r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



166

F i g u r e 1 6 0 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n H a v e r i d i s t r i c t

➣ N



167

F i g u r e 1 6 1 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n H a v e r i

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



168

Figure 162. pH status in Kodagu district

➣N



169

Figure 163. Electrical conductivity status in Kodagu district

➣

N



170

Figure 164. Organic carbon status in Kodagu district

➣

N



171

Figure 165. Available phosphorus status in Kodagu district

➣

N



172

Figure 166. Available potassium status in Kodagu district

➣

N



173

Figure 167. Available sulphur status in Kodagu district

➣

N



174

Figure 168. Available zinc status in Kodagu district

➣

N



175

Figure 169. Available boron status in Kodagu district

➣

N



176

Figure 170. pH status in Kolar district

➣

N



177

Figure 171. Electrical conductivity status in Kolar district

➣N



178

Figure 172. Organic carbon status in Kolar district

➣N



179

Figure 173. Available phosphorus status in Kolar district

➣N



180

Figure 174. Available potassium status in Kolar district

➣N



181

Figure 175. Available sulphur status in Kolar district

➣N



182

Figure 176. Available zinc status in Kolar district

➣N



183

Figure 177. Available boron status in Kolar district

➣N



184

F i g u r e 1 7 8 . p H s t a t u s i n K o p p a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



185

F i g u r e 1 7 9 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n K

o p p a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



186

F i g u r e 1 8 0 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n K o p p a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



187

F i g u r e 1 8 1 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n K

o p p a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



188

F i g u r e 1 8 2 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n K o

p p a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



189

F i g u r e 1 8 3 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n K o p p

a l d i s t r i c t

➣ N



190

F i g u r e 1 8 4 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n K o p p a l d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



191

F i g u r e 1 8 5 . A v a i l a

b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n K o p p a l

d i s t r i c t

➣ N ➣

N



192

F i g u r e 1 8 6 . p H s t a t u s i n M a n d y a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



193

F i g u r e 1 8 7 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n M

a n d y a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



194

F i g u r e 1 8 8 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n M a n d y a

d i s t r i c t

➣ N





196

F i g u r e 1 9 0 . A v a i l a

b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n M a

n d y a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



197

F i g u r e 1 9 1 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n M a n d

y a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



198

F i g u r e 1 9 2 . A v a i l a

b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n M a n d y a d i s t r i c t

➣ N





200

F i g u r e 1 9 4 . p H s t a t u s i n M y s o r e d i s t r i c t

➣ N





202

F i g u r e 1 9 6 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n M y s o r e

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



203

F i g u r e 1 9 7 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n M

y s o r e d i s t r i c t

➣ N



204

F i g u r e 1 9 8 . A v a i l a

b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n M y

s o r e d i s t r i c t

➣ N



205

F i g u r e 1 9 9 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n M y s o

r e d i s t r i c t

➣ N



206

F i g u r e 2 0 0 . A v a i l a

b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n M y s o r e d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



207

F i g u r e 2 0 1 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n M y s o r e d i s t r i c t

➣ N



208

F i g u r e 2 0 2 . p H s t a t u s i n R a i c h u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



209

F i g u r e 2 0 3 . E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n R

a i c h u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



210

F i g u r e 2 0 4 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n R a i c h u r

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



211

F i g u r e 2 0 5 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n R

a i c h u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



212

F i g u r e 2 0 6 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n R a i c h u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



213

F i g u r e 2 0 7 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n R a i c h

u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



214

F i g u r e 2 0 8 . A v a i l a

b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n R a i c h u r d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



215

F i g u r e 2 0 9 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n R a i c h u r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



216

Figure 210. pH status in Ramanagara district

➣N



217

Figure 211. Electrical conductivity status in Ramanagara district

➣N



218

Figure 212. Organic carbon status in Ramanagara district

➣N



219

Figure 213. Available phosphorus status in Ramanagara district

➣N



220

Figure 214. Available potassium status in Ramanagara district

➣N



221

Figure 215. Available sulphur status in Ramanagara district

➣N



222

Figure 216. Available zinc status in Ramanagara district

➣N



223

Figure 217. Available boron status in Ramanagara district

➣N



224

F i g u r e 2 1 8 . p H s t a t u s i n S h i m o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



225

F i g u r e 2 1 9 . E l e c t r

i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n S

h i m o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



226

F i g u r e 2 2 0 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n S h i m o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



227

F i g u r e 2 2 1 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n S

h i m o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



228

F i g u r e 2 2 2 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n S h i m o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



229

F i g u r e 2 2 3 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n S h i m

o g a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



230

F i g u r e 2 2 4 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n S h i m o g a

d i s t r i c t

➣ N



231

F i g u r e 2 2 5 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n S h i m o g

a d i s t r i c t

➣ N



232

Figure 226. pH status in Tumkur district

➣N



233

Figure 227. Electrical conductivity status in Tumkur district

➣N



234

Figure 228. Organic carbon status in Tumkur district

➣N



235

Figure 229. Available phosphorus status in Tumkur district

➣N





237

Figure 231. Available sulphur status in Tumkur district

➣N



238

Figure 232. Available zinc status in Tumkur district

➣N



239

Figure 233. Available boron status in Tumkur district

➣N



240

Figure 234. pH status in Udupi district

➣N



241

Figure 235. Electrical conductivity status in Udupi district

➣N



242

Figure 236. Organic carbon status in Udupi district

➣N



243

Figure 237. Available phosphorus status in Udupi district

➣N



244

Figure 238. Available potassium status in Udupi district

➣N



245

Figure 239. Available sulphur status in Udupi district

➣N



246

Figure 240. Available zinc status in Udupi district

➣N



247

Figure 241. Available boron status in Udupi district

➣N



248

➣N



249

➣N



250

➣N



251

➣N



252

➣N



253

➣N



254

➣N



255

➣N



256

F i g u r e 2 5 0 . p H s t a

t u s i n Y a d g i r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



257

F i g u r e 2 5 1 . E l e c t r

i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y s t a t u s i n Y

a d g i r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



258

F i g u r e 2 5 2 . O r g a n

i c c a r b o n s t a t u s i n Y a d g i r d

i s t r i c t

➣ N



259

F i g u r e 2 5 3 . A v a i l a b l e p h o s p h o r u s s t a t u s i n Y

a d g i r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



260

F i g u r e 2 5 4 . A v a i l a b l e p o t a s s i u m s t a t u s i n Y a d g i r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



261

F i g u r e 2 5 5 . A v a i l a b l e s u l p h u r s t a t u s i n Y a d g i r d i s t r i c t

➣ N



262

F i g u r e 2 5 6 . A v a i l a b l e z i n c s t a t u s i n Y a d g i r d i

s t r i c t

➣ N



263

F i g u r e 2 5 7 . A v a i l a b l e b o r o n s t a t u s i n Y a d g i r

d i s t r i c t

➣ N





Appendix:

Chemical characteristics of

Karnataka soils





267



268



269



270



271



272



273



274



275



276



277



278



279



280



281



282



283

M e a n

5 . 8

0 . 3

7

0 . 7

1

2 4 . 3

1 0 7

7 . 0

1 . 2

3

0 . 3

3

M e a n

6 . 2

0 . 3

0

0 . 6

3

2 3 . 4

1 1 9

1 3 . 1

0 . 9

7

0 . 3

6

D

e c i e n t e l d s

3 0

1 8

8

6 8

4 8

8 9





285



286



287



288

M e a n

6 . 8

0 . 2

9

0 . 5

6

1 3 . 5

1 0 2

4 2 . 0

0 . 4

9

0 . 6

1



289



290



291



292

M e a n

5 . 9

0 . 1

0

0 . 6

1

1 2 . 8

1 3 3

1 7 . 8

1 . 0

5

0 . 7

6



293

M e a n

6 . 8

0 . 1

8

0 . 3

7

4 . 0

8 3

5 . 6

0 . 8

5

0 . 3

2



294



295



296









Soil Fertility Atlas 2011

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