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Experiment -1
Object: - Study of Work Breakdown Structure and its
implementation using
SmartDraw.
Work Breakdown Structure: - A work breakdown structure (WBS), in
project
management and systems engineering, is a deliverable oriented
decomposition of a
project into smaller components. It defines and groups a
project's discrete work
elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work
scope of the
project.
Example of a product oriented work breakdown structure of an
aircraft system
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A work breakdown structure element may be a product, data, a
service, or any
combination. A WBS also provides the necessary framework for
detailed cost
estimating and control along with providing guidance for
schedule development
and control.
Work Breakdown Structure for Software Project Management
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Experiment -2
Object: - Study of Gantt Chart and its development using
Ms-project.
Gantt Chart:
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, developed by Henry Gantt,
that illustrates a
project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish
dates of the terminal
elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements
and summary
elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project.
Some Gantt charts
also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network)
relationships between
activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule
status using percent-
complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.
Although now regarded as a common charting technique, Gantt
charts were
considered revolutionary when first introduced. In recognition
of Henry Gantt's
contributions, the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal is awarded for
distinguished
achievement in management and in community service. This chart
is also used in
Information Technology to represent data that has been
collected.
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Steps for drawing Gantt Chart:-
1. Analyze the project and specify the basic to be used.
2. Break the project down into responsible number of activities
to be schedule.
3. Estimate the time required to perform each activity.
4. Place the activities must be performed sequential while
others can be
performed simultaneously.
5. If a completion date is pre-specified the diagram is adjusted
until this
constraint is satisfied.
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Experiment -3
Object: - Development of precedence Network and calculation of
Critical Path
using SmartDraw.
SCHEDULING TERMINOLOGIES
a) SCHEDULE: - A schedule is the mapping of tasks on the time.
Each task
has a start and end time. We can thus plan the deadlines for
individual
deliverables.
b) TASK:-A task is well defined work assign for a role.
c) ACTIVITY:-Group of related task are called activities. A
project manger
assigns a task to a role.
d) WORK PRODUCT: - It is a tangible item that results from a
task. For
example an object model, a class diagram, a pieces of source
code, a
document etc.
e) WORK PACKAGE:-The specification of work to accomplish in
completing
a task or activity is described in work package.
f) EVENT: - Something that cause a system or object to change
state. For
example a Message, a condition or completion of an activity.
g) SYNCHRONIZATION POINTS: - The points in a project schedule
that
require the team to synchronize the contents, complete task and
reduce
defects.
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h) THRASHING: - The performing of unproductive work associated
with a
software Project is known as thrashing.
i) TASK STATUS:-The status of a specific task relative to the
task goals and
completion.
j) NETWORK: - A network is a graphical representation of a
project plan,
showing the inter relationships of various activities.
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
a) NETWORK DIAGRAM
(1) PERT (Project Evaluation Review Technique).
(2) CPM (Critical Path Method).
b) BAR CHARTS
(1) GANTT CHART.
(2) MILE STONE CHART.
ACTIVITY NETWORK DIAGRAM
a) Activity at node type network.
b) Activity at arrow type network.
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ACTIVITY ON NODE
a) Activity shown on node.
b) Procedure shown by arrow.
c) Easy to draw.
ACTIVITY ON ARROW TYPE NETWORK
a) Activity shown on arrow.
b) Event shown by node.
c) Easy for calculation.
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EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY ON NODE NETWORK
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EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY ON ARROW NETWORK
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PRECEDENCE NETWORK
Precedence block.
Float = Latest start - Earliest Start.
Activity span = Latest finish Earliest Start.
Description about project
ACTIVITY DURATION PRECEDENCE
A H/W Selection 6 -
B S/W Design 4 -
C Install H/W 3 A
D Code & Test 4 B
E File Taken 3 B
F Write user Manual 10 -
G User Training 3 E, F
H Install & Test 2 C, D
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Experiment -4
Object: - Study and designing of per chart using Smart Draw.
PERT CHART:
Pert chart was originally developed in 1948 to meet the need of
the age of massive
Engineering. There techniques of the Taylor and Gantt were
inapplicable Special
Project Office (SPO) of US NAVY introduced part. They use
polarized weapon
system in 1958.
PERT
It is technique representing activity of project in its proper
sequence and timing.
RULES FOLLOWED IN DRAWING PERT CHART-
1. Always draw arrows in straight line, avoid curved line.
2. Arrows draw arrows from Left to right, avoid looping.
3. Always number the event in ascending order from left to
right.
4. Always use alphabet to denote an activity drawn by arrows.
The duration in
days/weeks/months etc. are indicated as the numbers that are
written under them.
5. Do not scale the length of arrays with respect to
duration.
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6. Rule 5 is necessary to avoid looping and back tracking.
IMPORTANT TERMS RELATED TO PERT CHART
a. Most likely Time (m):-
The time we would expect the task under normal circumstances. We
shall denote
this by Letter m.
b. Optimistic Time (a):-
The shortest time in which we could expect to compute the
activity, barring out
right miracles. We shall denote this by letter a.
c. Pessimistic Time (b):-
The worst possible time allowing for all reasonable
eventualities but excluding act
of God and Warfare. We shall denote this by letter b
EXPECTED DURATION (t e)
t e=(a+4m+b)/6
A quantitative measure of degree of uncertainty of an activity
duration estimate
may be obtained by calculating the standard deviation of an
activity time using the
formula.
S= (b-a)/6
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ACTIVITY a b c t e Standard Deviation
A 5 6 8 6.7 0.55
B 3 4 5 4.0 0.33
C 2 3 3 2.83 0.17
D 3.5 4 5 4.08 0.25
E 1 3 4 2.83 0.50
F 8 10 15 10.50 1.17
G 2 3 4 3.00 0.33
H 2 2 2.5 2.08 0.08
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Experiment -5
Object: - Design a Gantt Chart for Library automation using
Ms-project.
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Experiment -6
Object- Design a DFD / Flow chart for the Library automation
using
SmartDraw.
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