Software Engineering Unit1

8/2/2019 Software Engineering Unit1

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Software Engineering

Prof. Archana Deshpande


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Course Objective

To understand the fundamental concepts of -

1. SDLC phases

2. Software Process

3. Requirement Phase

4. Data Modeling Practices

5. OOA and OOD Tools

6. Design Phase

7. Testing Phase

8. Software Standards and Metrics


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Syllabus of SE

Unit 1 - Software, modules, process, process framework,process models, SEI-CMMI model, Introduction toUnified process and Agile

Unit 2 Requirements engineering, Problem Definition,Scope, Negotiation, Requirements Management,Gathering

Unit 3 - Structured Systems Tools and Techniques fact

finding tools, FDD, ERD, CLD, DFD, Decision Trees,Decision Tables, Structured English

Unit 4 - Software Engineering Practice Data Modeling,System Modeling, Hatley - Pirbhai Modeling, object

oriented modeling through state transition diagrams


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Unit 5 - UML tools and techniques for Web based/ObjectOriented Applications Class Hierarchy diagrams,Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams

Unit 6 - Design Process, User Interface Design, Cohesion,Coupling

Unit 7 - Testing- Strategies, Techniques, Alpha, Beta, Unit,

Integration, Validation, Regression, Smoke, SystemTesting, Debugging, Basis Path, Black box, White box,Boundary Value Analysis, Test Cases

Unit 8 - Product Metrics: Software Quality, Function-based,Size-based, ISO


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Books Recommended

Analysis and Design of Information Systems 2e by Senn Software Engineering A Practitioner's Approach by Roger Pressman Systems Analysis and Design by Elias Awad Introducing Systems Analysis and Design by Lee

Systems Analysis & Design by Perry Edwards (McGraw Hill)

Systems Analysis, Design & Introduction to Software Engineering(SADSE) - Parthasarthy S, Khalkar B W Management Information Systems Waman Jawadekar

INTERNET RESOURCES:-

1) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering2) www.webopedia.com3) www.rspa.com/spi/4) www.answers.com/topic/software-engineering5) en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Software_Engineering6) www.sei.cmu.edu

7) www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://www.webopedia.com/http://www.rspa.com/spi/http://www.answers.com/topic/software-engineeringhttp://www.en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Software_Engineeringhttp://www.sei.cmu.edu/http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/http://www.sei.cmu.edu/http://www.en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Software_Engineeringhttp://www.answers.com/topic/software-engineeringhttp://www.answers.com/topic/software-engineeringhttp://www.answers.com/topic/software-engineeringhttp://www.rspa.com/spi/http://www.webopedia.com/http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering


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Unit 1

Software Engineering andSoftware Process


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Unit Objectives

To understand the concepts of

Software


Modules

Process Process Models


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Software

What is a Software?


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Characteristics of a Software

Software is developed or engineered; notmanufactured.

Software doesnt wear out.

Most software are custom built.


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System

Application

Engineering / Scientific

Embedded

Product

Line Web Applications

Artificial Intelligence

Categories of Software


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Software Module

What is a module?


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The application of a systematic, disciplined,quantifiable approach to the development,operation, and maintenance of software is

Software Engineering. (IEEE) Software Engineeringis the establishment

and use of sound engineering principles inorder to obtain economically software thatis reliable and works efficiently on realmachines. (Bauer)


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Layers of Software Engineering

Tools

Methods

ProcessQuality

Quality is the base for all the 3 layersof SE -

Process

Methods

Tools

Quality focus Total Quality

Management (TQM), Six Sigma, ISO,CMMI etc.


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Process

A set of activities, methods, practices,and transformations that people

employ to develop and maintainsoftware and the associated products(e.g. project plans, design documents,

code, test cases, user manuals etc.)


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Process Framework

Process frameworkneeds to identifysmall number of

framework activitiesapplicable to allsoftware projects.

Umbrella activities areapplicable across theentire softwareprocess.

Software Process

Process Framework

Umbrella activitiesFramework activity # 1

Framework activity # 2

S/W Engg. Action # 1.1

Tasksets

Work tasksWork productsQA pointsProject milestones


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Communication

Planning

Modeling Construction

Deployment

The framework activities are commonto all the software process; details ofthe software process may change.

Generic process framework


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For example, modeling activity consists oftwo software engineering actions Analysis

and Design. Analysis has a set of work tasks like

requirements gathering, negotiation,specification, validation etc.

Design has work tasks like data design,architectural design, interface design, andcomponent design.


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Umbrella activities

Software project tracking and control

Risk Management

Software Quality Assurance Formal Technical Reviews

Measurement

Software Configuration Management Reusability Management

Work Product Preparation and Production


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Process Models

Waterfall

Incremental

RAD

Prototyping

Spiral


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Waterfall model


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Incremental model


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RAD model


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Prototyping model


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Spiral model


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SEI - CMMI


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Focuses on elements of essential practices andprocesses from various bodies of knowledge.

Describes common sense, efficient, proven ways ofdoing business (which you should already be doing)- not a radical new approach.

CMM is a method to evaluate and measure thematurity of the software development process of anorganizations.

CMM measures the maturity of the softwaredevelopment process on a scale of 1 to 5.

CMM v1.0 was developed by the SoftwareEngineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pittsburgh, USA.

SEI- CMM


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CMM was originally developed for SoftwareDevelopment and Maintenance but later it wasdeveloped for : Systems Engineering Supplier Sourcing Integrated Product and Process Development People CMM Software Acquisition Others...

CMM Examples:

People CMM: Develop, motivate and retain projecttalent.

Software CMM: Enhance a software focuseddevelopment and maintenance capability.


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Unified process

Use case driven

Architecture centric

Iterative and incremental

Formed by James Rumbaugh, Grady Booch, andIvar Jacobson

Unified Modeling Language (UML) - an industry

standard for OO software development. Using UML, a framework developed for OO-SE

called as Unified Process.


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Phases of the Unified Process


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Phases of the UP

The UP defines the following four phases:

The Inception phase concludes with theObjective milestone

The Elaboration phase concludes withthe Architecture milestone

The Construction phase concludes with

the Initial Operational Capabilitymilestone

The Transition phase concludes with theProduct Release milestone


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Describe all the phases of UP in detail.


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Rational Unified Process (RUP)originally developed by Rational

Software, a company later acquired byIBM.

Rational Rose popular UMLmodeling solution by IBM

Agile Unified Process

Basic Unified Process


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Agile software development Iterative and incremental development Self-organizing, cross-functional teams. Minimally planned tasks in small increments No long-term planning.

Iterations last from one to four weeks. Emphasizes face-to-face communication Work in a single open office (called a bullpen

Includes Scrum, Crystal Clear, ExtremeProgramming, Adaptive Software Development,Feature Driven Development, and DynamicSystems Development Method (DSDM).

These are now typically referred to as AgileMethodologies


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Software Engineering Unit1

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