1 YN 10.10.2006 Role of Materials in Nokia´s R&D Yrjö Neuvo
1 YN 10.10.2006
Role of Materials in Nokia´s R&D
Yrjö Neuvo
2 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Research impacts productsPower management
Battery life, charging, thermal durability
MaterialsStructural, functional,
optical, decorative
Cameras and optics
ElectronicsSemiconductors,
microelectromechanical components
Algorithms Signal processing, image
and sound processing
ProximityWLAN, Ultra Wideband,
RFID, Bluetooth
Voice & Video codecs
Improved quality
Software and Applications
Platforms, middleware, architectures
GSM/WCDMAStrong IPR portfolio
User experienceErgonomy, usability, user interfaces, user behavior,
security
MechanicsStructures, user interface,
mechanisms
3 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Materials technology in a key role
• Materials technology as a potential enabler for:• Enhanced user experience
• New functionality
• New form factors
• Improvements in production efficiency
• New solutions for energy management, data storage
• Need multi-disciplinary research• materials, mechanics, memory, electronics, energy
• Considerations for environmental sustainability, volume production
4 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Materials in Nokia : wide product portfolio
• Offers unique possibility for innovation• Wide area of needed innovations
• Technology variation• Metals : Ti, stainless steel, Al etc.
• Plastics
• Paints
• Fabrics & Leathers
• Decorations
7200
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8910i
6820
7650
6260
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5 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Materials research in products
Nokia 5140
• Integrated soft-hard cover
Nokia N90
• Materials for transformable mechanics
• High strength & accuracy, low friction
Nokia 7280
• laser patterned decoration
• half-mirror window
• thin rotator plate
6 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Multi-disciplinary research needed
Need research in multi-disciplinary areas• Materials technology • Novel manufacturing
technologies• Examples:
• Flexible/Printed electronics
• Nanotechnology
Drivers for future communication devices
• Enhanced user experience, new features/functions, design look & feel
• Small, compact, easy to use, easy to carry/wear
• Integration of electronics and mechanics for functionality and production
7 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
• Transformable devices• Slide, fold, twist• Flexible OLED displays, PWBs, batteries• Soft materials, textiles, smart fabrics• Washable materials
• Coatings• Scratch & abrasion resistant• Self-healing• Self-cleaning• Electrically conductive• Thermally conductive• Optical effects, changing colors
• Functional• Sensors• Actuators
Enhanced user experience, new functionality
8 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Miniaturization – Challenges for structural materials• Strong and tough structural materials
(thickness <0.5 mm)• Novel polymer composites (plastics
with carbon nanotubes or nanofibers)• Good heat transfer properties
• Hybrid materials (metal/plastic, ceramic/plastic)
• For high-quality feel
• Novel metal alloys (amorphous, nanocrystalline)
• Stronger than current metal forming methods
• Active support materials to protect electronics
• Shock absorption
• Water-proof
• EM shielding
Monoblock
Flexible
Max. Deflection vs. load
9 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Miniaturization – Challenges for structural materials• Mechanics contributing to thermal
management• Thermally conductive, easily
processable structural materials
• Thermal interface, heat storage & heat spreading materials
• Materials for optimal RF performance• High-performance dielectric/antenna
materials
PWB Design
PWB Prototype
PWB Simulation with temperature distribution
Experimental verification with IR camera
10 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Requirements for volume production
Environmental sustainability• No harmful substances• Biomaterials for lower CO2 emissions
and/or biodegradability• Easy disassembly/recycling of
products
Energy management• Usage demands more energy• Need for high energy density,
durability, safety• Explore alternatives
• New battery chemistry• Fuel cells• Alternative energy sources
Data storage• Usage demands more storage• Explore alternatives
• Nanotechnology• Optical
11 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
New technology?
Maturity?
Yield?
Time?
Materials in Nokia : Available Technology Portfolio
12 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Trends for Plastic Materials
• Raw Material shortage• Polymers from renewable raw materials will become important
• Current examples like• PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) grown in genetically modified corn plant leaves • PLA (polylactide) produced by the fermentation of sugars extracted from plants • PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) produced by bacteria.
• New synthesis methods of old polymers like PA11 will be established : example PA11 derived from castor plant–based renewable resources
• Protein polymers• Extreme mechanical properties • Protein polymers are synthetic proteins created "from scratch" through
chemical DNA (gene) synthesis, and produced in quantity by traditional large-scale microbial fermentation methods
• Through genetic engineering, it will be possible to tailor the physical structure and biological characteristics of protein polymers to achieve required properties
• Due to their synthetic design, protein polymers are capable of combining the biological functionality of natural proteins with the chemical functionality and exceptional physical properties of synthetic polymers
13 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Trends for Plastic Materials
• Tailoring of properties is made through additive technologies• Old property fine tuning with additives like internal lubrication, thermal
conductivity, and static dissipation• smart plastics with additives
• Tunable electrical properties• Polymer magnets• Shape memory plastics• Tunable friction properties
• Nano Technologies• …
• Biodegration• Controlled biodegradation will be used in many new applications
• Food preservation• Explosives• Security
14 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Metals
• Conventional crystalline metal atom structure (Long-range order and grain boundaries) will be dominant but special structures are under heavy development
• Amorphous metals• No long range order• No grain boundaries• Less formation of slip plane when be applied
a stress
• Magnetic Shape Memory• Paramagnetic parent phase• Ferromagnetic martensite• Different variants can be aligned with the
magnetic field to obtain quick and large shape changes
15 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Amorphous metal alloys
Amorphous alloy• It used to solidify the metal melt by ultra high cooling rate to obtain a thin band
with a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. When the cooling rate is larger than 106K/s, the metal band will have a non-crystalline structure which is named “amorphous” or “metallic glass”.
• Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 as one of the current alloys – development of alloys is proceeding fast
16 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Surface Treatments for New Effects• Surface Treatments and Effects
• Mechanical• Polishing• Brushing• Blasting• Coining• Combinations
• Chemical• Etching• Passivation (needed on cast components)
• Painting• Coatings
• PVD• Electroplating• Anodising• Sol-Gel• Thermal spraying?• Environmentally responsive coatings?
• Texturing• Rolling• Etching• Lasering
• Metal Mesh & Perforating• And any possible combination of different treatment.
• Fingerprint Protection• Easy to clean surfaces• Smart structures to ‘hide’ finger prints
17 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006
Metal Joining
• Metal to Metal• Mechanical methods
• Screws• Riveting• Mechanical locking
• Welding• Laser• Ultra sonic• Friction• Resistance Welding
• Soldering• Laser assisted?
• Adhesive Methods• Many different ones
• Metal to Plastic• Adhesives• In-mould
• Metal to other Materials• Fabrics• Leather• Wood
18 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006