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Sofosbuvir: Game Changer for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Leslie Dixon, Pharm.D. Managed Care Drug Policy Resident Scott & White Health Plan Temple, TX May 30, 2014 Learning Objectives 1. Describe Hepatitis C patient demographics 2. Discuss the evidence for sofosbuvir in Hepatitis C genotype 1 patients 3. State sofosbuvir’s place in therapy according to the AASLD 4. List several ways in which sofosbuvir is a game changer for patients, insurers, and dispensing pharmacists
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Page 1: Sofosbuvir:++GameChanger+ fortheTreatmentof …sites.utexas.edu/pharmacotherapy-rounds/files/2015/0… ·  · 2015-09-24Microsoft Word - dixon05-28-14.docx Author: Lehmkuhle, Belinda

 

 

 

 

 

Sofosbuvir:    Game  Changer  for  the  Treatment  of  

Hepatitis  C    

 

 

 

       Leslie  Dixon,  Pharm.D.  Managed  Care  Drug  Policy  Resident  Scott  &  White  Health  Plan  Temple,  TX  

 

May  30,  2014  

Learning  Objectives    

1. Describe  Hepatitis  C  patient  demographics  2. Discuss  the  evidence  for  sofosbuvir  in  Hepatitis  C  genotype  1  patients  3. State  sofosbuvir’s  place  in  therapy  according  to  the  AASLD  4. List  several  ways  in  which  sofosbuvir  is  a  game  changer  for  patients,  insurers,  and  

dispensing  pharmacists  

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Hepatitis  C  virus  (HCV):    disease  course  and  demographic  trends    

 

 

   

 

     

 

 

 

 

   

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HCV  Medications  Approval  Year   Mechanism  of  Action  

SVR  Rate  for  Genotype  1    (upper  limit)   Side  Effects  

Interferon  α-­‐2  +  Ribavirin  ("PEG/RBV")    

2001   • Interferons  ↑  macrophage  phagocytosis  and  lymphocyte  cytotoxicity  

• Ribavirin  inhibits  replication  of  RNA  and  DNA  viruses  

50%   Anemia  (may  require  transfusion)  Flu-­‐like  sx  

Anxiety,  depression,  memory  loss,  acute  psychoses,  suicidal  ideation  Hearing  loss,  seizures,  vision  loss,  coma  Renal,  cardiac,  pulmonary  failure  Autoimmune  disease  

MI,  angina,  stroke  

Hair  loss,  rash,  photosensitivity  Injection  site  pain  

Boceprevir  and  Telaprevir  

2011   Prevent  viral  proteases  from  cleaving  nonstructural  proteins  into  replication  complex  

70%   ↑  PEG/RBV  side  effects  Dysguesia  Severe  rash  Neutropenia  Photosensitivity  

Sofosbuvir   2013   Decoy  substrate  for  HCV  RNA  polymerase  (NS5B  portion);  chain  terminator    

90%   Fatigue  Headache  Nausea  

 

NEUTRINO  trial:    Sofosbuvir  for  HCV  Genotype  1    

 

 

       

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NEUTRINO  trial:    Sofosbuvir  for  HCV  Genotype  1  

       Genotype  1  patients  who  had  failed  prior  therapies  have  been  waiting  for  a  drug  like  Sofosbuvir,  but  NEUTRINO  only  studied  treatment  naïve  patients    

     

 

     

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PHOTON-­‐1  trial:    Sofosbuvir  for  HCV  Genotype  1    

 

 

 Genotype  1:    HIV-­‐HCV  Co-­‐Infected  

     

   

 

 Sofosbuvir:    Game  Changer  for  Patients  

   

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Sofosbuvir:    Game  Changer  for  Insurers    

 

 

Number  of  sofosbuvir  prescriptions  expected  to  increase  significantly  

 

 

       

   Gilead  has  negotiated  a  price  break  with  Egypt.      A  12-­‐week  course  of  sofosbuvir  will  cost  $900      

   

Sofosbuvir:    Game  Changer  for  Dispensing  Pharmacists  

   

 

   

   

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References  

AASLD  and  IDSA.    Recommendations  for  Testing,  Managing,  and  Treating  Hepatitis  C.    Available  at  www.hcvguidelines.org.    Accessed  May  28,  2014.  

Birnkrant  D.      [Sovaldi]  Division  Director’s  Summary  Review.  CDER  Application  No.  204671Orig1s000.    November  27,  2013.    Available  at  www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204671Orig1s000SumR.pdf.    Accessed  5/22/14.      

Birnkrant  D.    FDA  Introductory  Remarks:    Sofosbuvir  NDA  204671,  October  25,  2013:    Silver  Spring,  Maryland.    Available  at  www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/AntiviralDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM375285.pdf.    Accessed  May  23,  2014.  

CDER  Guidance  to  Industry,  Chronic  Hepatitis  C  Virus  Infection:    Developing  Direct  Acting  Antiviral  Drugs  for  Treatment.    Draft  guidance,  October  2013.    Available  at  www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM225333.pdf.      Accessed  May  18,  2014.  

Connelly  S.    [Sofosbuvir]  Cross-­‐Discipline  Team  Leader  Review.    CDER  Application  No.  204671Orig1s000.    November  8,  2013.    Available  at  www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/  204671Orig1s000CrossR.pdf.    Accessed  May  26,  2014.  

C.  Everett  Koop  Institute,  Dartmouth  Medical  School.  Hepatitis  C:    An  Epidemic  for  Anyone.      Available  at  www.epidemic.org/theFacts/hepatitisC/hepatitisC.php.  Accessed  May  18,  2014.  

Darrow  JJ,  et  al.    New  FDA  Breakthrough-­‐Drug  Category  –  Implications  for  Patients.    NEJM  2014;  370:1252-­‐1258.    

Dugum  M.    Cleveland  Clinic  Journal  of  Medicine  2014;  81(3):159-­‐172.  

FDA  Guidance  for  Industry:    Chronic  Hepatitis  C  Virus  Infection:    Developing  Direct-­‐Acting  Antiviral  Drugs  for  Treatment.    October  2013.    Available  at  www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM225333.pdf.      Accessed  May  18,  2014.  

FDA.    Novel  New  Drugs  2013  Summary;    January  2014.      Available  at  www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DrugInnovation/UCM381803.pdf.    Accessed  5/23/14.  

Florian,  et  al.    [Sovaldi]  Addendum  to  FDA  Clinical  Pharmacology  and  Biopharmaceutics  Review,  Application  No.  204671sOrig1s000,  November  22,  2013.    Available  at  www.accessdata.fda/gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204671Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf.    Accessed  May  24,  2014.  

Jacobson  IM,  et  al.    Sofosbuvir  for  hepatitis  C  genotype  2  or  3  in  patients  without  treatment  options.    NEJM  2013;  368:1867-­‐77;  Suppl.  App.,  p.  23.  

Japsen  B.    At  $1,000  A  Pill,  Hepatitis  C  Drug  Sovaldi  Rattles  Medicaid  Programs.    Forbes.    Available  at  www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2014/04/28/pricey-­‐hepatitis-­‐pill-­‐sovaldi-­‐rattles-­‐medicaid-­‐programs/.    Accessed  May  28,  2014.  

Kowdley  KV,  et  al.Sofosbuvir  with  pegylated  interferon  alfa-­‐2a  and  ribavirin  for  treatment-­‐naïve  patients  with  hepatitis  C  genotype-­‐1  infection  (ATOMIC):  an  open-­‐label,  randomised,  multicentre  phase  2  trial.  Lancet.  2013  Jun  15;381(9883):2100-­‐7.  

 

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Lawitz  E,  et  al.    [NEUTRINO]  Sofosbuvir  for  previously  untreated  chronic  hepatitis  C  infection.    NEJM  2013  May  16;  368(20):1878-­‐87  and  supplementary  appendix  pp.  1-­‐59.  

Lexicomp  Online,  Lexi-­‐Drugs,  Hudson,  Ohio:  Lexi-­‐Comp,  Inc.;  2014;  May  29,  2014.  

Massard  J,  et  al.    Natural  history  and  predictors  of  disease  severity  in  chronic  hepatitis  C.    J  Hepatology  2006;  44:S19-­‐S24.  

Mishra  P.    [Sovaldi]  FDA  Medical  Review,  September  6,  2013.    Available  at  www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204671Orig1s000MedR.pdf.    Accessed  May  22,  2014.  

Sears  D.    Strategies    for  Implementing  New  CDC  Guidelines  for  HCV  in  Baby  Boomers.    2012  Texas    Viral  Hepatitis  Summit  2012.    Available  at  www.dshs.state.tx.us/hivstd/conference/2012/2012-­‐Texas-­‐Viral-­‐Hepatitis-­‐Summit.doc.    Accessed  May  24,  2014.  

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Sovaldi™  Clinical  Studies  [Promotional  Materials].    Foster  City,  CA:    Gilead,  2013.  

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Staton  T.    Express  Scripts  assembling  anti-­‐Sovaldi  coalition  to  shut  out  Gilead  hep  C  drug.    FiercePharma.  Available  at  www.fiercepharma.com/story/express-­‐scripts-­‐assembling-­‐anti-­‐sovaldi-­‐coalition-­‐shut-­‐out-­‐gilead-­‐hep-­‐c-­‐dru/2014-­‐04-­‐08#ixzz337cwcnkC.    Accessed  May  28,  2014.  

Ura  A.    Cost  of  New  Drug  Complicates  Access  for  Inmates  and  the  Poor.    NYT  May  24,  2014.    Available  at  www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/us/cost-­‐of-­‐new-­‐drug-­‐complicates-­‐access-­‐for-­‐inmates-­‐and-­‐the-­‐poor.html?_r=0  .    Accessed  May  28,  2014.  

World  Health  Organization.    Guidelines  for  the  Screening,  Care  and  Treatment  of  Persons  With  Hepatitis  C  Infection.    April  2014.    Available  at  www.who.int/hiv/pub/hepatitis/hepatitis-­‐c-­‐guidelines/en/.    Accessed  May  29,  2014.