Sociology of Literature and 瓊瓊’ s Discourses of Love Methodology, Pattern and Implied Ideologies 2007 Fall 1. Dialectic Materialism -- Marx and Vulgar Marxi sm 2. Literature, Society & Ideology: Althusser and Gramsci 3. Marxist Literary Theorists: Macherey, Eagleton and Jameson 4. Foucault & 瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊瓊 (CY as an example)
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Sociology of Literature and 瓊瑤 ’ s Discourses of Love Methodology, Pattern and Implied Ideologies 2007 Fall 1. Dialectic Materialism -- Marx and Vulgar.
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Sociology of Literature and 瓊瑤’ s Discourses of Love
Methodology, Pattern and Implied Ideologies
2007 Fall
1. Dialectic Materialism -- Marx and Vulgar Marxism2. Literature, Society & Ideology: Althusser and Gramsci3. Marxist Literary Theorists: Macherey, Eagleton and Jameson4. Foucault & 文學社會學的多重互動模式 (CY as an example)
Outline
Discourse: a Review Sociology of Literature (Lin Intro.) Romantic Love & 瓊瑤 CY (Ref. 〈浪漫愛情的
雙重面相:革新意識與女性幻想〉 ) Romantic Love: a Review CY: An Overview 《幾度夕陽紅》1. The Remote and the Poetic; 2. The Sociological 3.
Destiny and 緣 Gender Relations: women and sex Social Background and Development of Romantic
Love (from the revolutionary to female fantasies)
Discourse: Definition Review
Discourse is "a group of statements which provide a language for talking about ...a particular topic at a particular historical moment."
Constructed through some discursive practices; Three major procedures of discursive formation :
Definition & Prohibition Division and rejectionOpposition between false and true (Ref. Textbook 154)
Discourse: Definition (2)
Influences: -- productive: produces knowledge; -- regulative: (not unlike penopticon) offers us su
bject positions which is hierarchical. -- controlling and discriminatory: discipline the s
ubjects and punish or exclude those who do not follow the rules.
Discourse: example
Sexuality as a discourse1. Discourses of sexuality have increased and become a
science since the 17th century, when sex in the West became a taboo. for normlization and regulation.
2. Produces different subject positions and objects of gaze and control. “The sodomite had been temporary aberration; the homosexual was now a species.” (1979 43)
3. Sexual identities – “regulatory fictions” inscribed on our bodies. Women’s in the Romantic Love Discourse?
Literary Discourse: implications
No fixed boundaries between literature and other social practices; popular fiction such as those of 瓊瑤 can be discussed with some literary work.
The author is not the creator of his work. S/he serves as a label to put on a group of works related to him. (e.g. Wordsworth discourse; 瓊瑤‘ s discourse of Romantic love)
Defining some subject positions (of the author, the reader, the lovers, etc.)
Sociology of Literature: 3 Kinds
1. Reflection: Examine social phenomena in the text; understanding of society through literature; literature reflects society.
2. Influence: Examines how social environment and structure influence the production and circulation of literature. sociology of literary production
3. Interpretive analysis and institutional analysis combined
The remote: 1. The dreamy and poetic –signs: poem, guitar 2. The Western and far away –signs: 西餐廳, b
eautiful sceneries without identity.The unsaid: the political, the economic and the s
exual. Examples 1, 2, 3
The Sociological
《幾度夕陽紅 》 1966 (p. 69) Two generations:
The migrant students (p. 69) (clip 2: 10:48, 16:50)
明遠、夢竹 何慕天
曉彤、曉白 魏如峰 (nephew) 、雙雙
瓊瑤’ s plot: familial constraint = destiny?1. 夢竹 -- Rebellious against the traditional society (e.
g. match-making) (clip 2: 31) –released by the nanny; –in defiance of arranged marriage, but still in need of
the rescue of 明遠 2. 曉彤 Lack/discontent a new and mysterious situ
ation the hero ( 慕天 ) solving the mystery marriage and withdrawal/separation/death
3. Obstacles are all external ones; The lovers are born for each other. 緣? Or part of the ideology of Romantic love?
4. Why reconciliation? (suicide or accident of the wayward)
瓊瑤’ s plot: familial constraint = destiny?
瓊瑤 (3): Gender & Sex
Presentation of women: (p. 76, 78) Weak, in need of support (the novel as
an expression of female fantasies)(e.g. 曉彤 clip--1: 24; 2: 29)
If strong, she is usu. not satisfied in love, stubborn and lonely. (e.g. 雙雙 34)
瓊瑤 (2): Gender & Sex
Presentation of women –the weak e.g. (first encounter) 她的嘴唇輕輕的蠕動了一下,卻并沒有發出聲音來。魏如峰打量著她,那小小的臉龐清秀雅致,小小的腰肢楚楚可人,清亮的眼睛里盈盈的盛滿了不屬于這個時代的寂寞和惶惑,和她那件過時的衣服一樣只屬于她而不屬于目前這年輕的一代。
(meeting on the street) 那顆小星星!那顆已被他遺忘了的小星星!他頓時有種意外的驚喜,仿佛無意間拾到了一粒被自己失落的鑽石。他徑直向她騎過去,她站在一大排等車的女學生中間,纖細,瘦小,而稚弱。
夢竹: called 小粉蝶
瓊瑤 (2): Gender & Sex
Presentation of women –the weak e.g. 曉彤 --那一對眼睛明澈清瑩,微微轉動的眼珠流露著一層夢似的光彩。他無法把自己的眼光從她臉上收回,那微翹的小鼻子,那修長秀氣的眉毛,那薄薄的,帶著點兒稚氣和天真的小嘴,以及那時時刻刻,籠罩在她整個臉龐上的一種寧靜、悠然和純潔的氣質。這是怎樣的一個女孩子!還只是朵被綠萼所包裹著的小蓓蕾!可是,她卻那樣的使人心動,使人情不自禁的要憐愛她。
瓊瑤 (2): Gender & Sex
Presentation of women –the strong who is weak inside e.g. (after 雙雙 creates troubles) 魏如峰把車子停在路邊,用手托起霜霜的臉來,霜霜一臉的淚痕,又一臉的倔強,長睫毛上挂著淚珠,黑眼睛浸在水霧里,反有一股平日所沒有的楚楚動人的勁兒。他掏出手帕來,拭去了她臉上的眼淚,安慰的低低的說:“霜霜,你爸爸在等你,不要讓他傷心,好嗎?你知道他多愛你,他難得說你几句,你就要生氣?”
Presentation of Man: 寬寬的前額,有著異樣神采的眼睛,挺直的鼻子,和那略嫌方正的下巴。
《幾度夕陽紅》 : “Romantic” Attraction (class & no se
x?) Past – 重慶流亡學生1. Rich man and weak
woman2. Poetry as a means of
communication; (2 clips)
3. Attempts to overcome difficulties (since 慕白 was married)
瓊瑤 – in the context of Chinese discourses on Romantic Love
Unlike the revolutionary spirits of May Fourth period,
瓊瑤‘ s women infantilized and innocent -- ( 曉彤、雙雙 age 18) -- 《窗外》 high school student, in need of
male support and family identification. (clip 22-24)
( 林 pp. 80- 81)
瓊瑤 – in the context of Chinese discourses on Romantic Love
Romantic Love: from the revolutionary to female fantasies
Three periods: 1. Free-Choice Marriage during the May Fourth period:
a means to challenge traditional family structure (esp. arranged marriage) with revolutionary ideals;
2. 30’s and 40’s – during the war; more compromised. (The setting of 《幾度夕陽紅》)
3. 60‘ and 70’s – when 瓊瑤‘ s novels started to be popular. Free love and Free-choice marriage were not popular in Taiwan (58% among college students and 8% of the whole people).