Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development. EASTERN REGION.

Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development

Eastern Region of India West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand 107 districts22% to the total population 2.5% to the TGA of India1455 Blocks21,818 panchayats

Jharkhand Orissa West Bengal

Bihar

Geographic area (in sq km)

79,714 1,55,707 88,752 94163

Populations 2,69,09,428 36,804,660 80176197 82878796

Population Density 338 per/sq Km 236 per/sq km 903/sq km 880/sq km

ST 28% 22% 5.4% 16%

SC 12% 16.5% 23% 1%

Rainfall >900mm >1000mm >1000mm >1000mm

BPL% 54% 47.15% 27.02% 42.6%

Agro-climatic Zones

Land useCategories/ states West Bengal Orissa Bihar including

Jharkhand

Total geographical area (in 000 hectares)

8875 15571 17388

Reporting area for land cultivation 8696 15571 17330

Forests 1195 5606 2949

Not available for cultivation 1659 1456 3390

Permanent pasture and grazing land 8 534 107

Land under misc. trees crops and groves

80 774 337

Culturable wasteland 50 445 353

Fallow land other then current fallow 29 336 962

Current fallows 212 452 1895

Net sown area 5463 5968 7337

Agro ecological regionsRainfall (mm) Potential

Evapo- transpiration

Length of Growing period (in days)

Other features

South Bihar Plain-Hot, Dry Sub humid

1000-1200 1300-1500 150-180 •Salinity •Alkaline ground water

Chottanagpur plateau and Garhjat hills-Hot, dry ,moist & sub-humid

1200-1500 1400-1600 180-210 •Low productivity•Deficiency of micro-nutrients•Phosphorus fixation•Low productivity•Severe erosion•Un-bunded uplands•Soil gravelliness

Eastern ghats, hot moist-sub humid

1200-1600 1400-1700 180-210 •Severe erosion hazard•P fixation•Deficiency of micro nutrients

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE VII- EASTERN PLATEAU & HILLS REGION

• Development of suitable crop, livestock mixed farming system technology.• Integrated watershed management involving water harvesting , pond, recycling for production of crops for drylands in the zone.

• Developing of suitable technology for increasing production of dryland fruits.• Development of suitable agroforestry and farming system based on livestock and crops specially for small and marginal farmers of the region

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE IV- MIDDLE-GANGETIC PLAIN REGION

• Developing suitable farming systems for heavy soils• Development of suitable cultivation technology for paddy–wheat- maize system.• Specific research efforts on magnesium action dominated soil salinity problems of the region

Jharkhand- OverviewLowest on Social Development Index (0.01 – 0.3) Lowest on infrastructure development index (0.01- 0.1). Per capita net production of cereals for India is 523

gms/day. Whereas in Jharkhand the per capita production is 230 gms/day which is lower than 318.40 gms/day which is the per capital availability in Bihar

The productivity of the crops in Jharkhand is below the national average with respect to cereals and oilseeds. The current level of productivity is very low and is about

0.98 tones per Ha with the lowest productivity in the agro climatic zone five (0.72 tones/Ha)

The average yield of paddy and wheat, the two major crops of kharif and Rabi seasons varies between 9-12 q/ha compared to national average of 23.3 q for paddy and 18.7 q/ha

Livelihood basketPrivate land

Food security from agriculture (partial mostly)Income from Mahua, Lac, Karanj, char and mango etc

Income from ForestNTFP and sale of firewoodTubers and roots for food

Income/support from Common Property ResourceIncome from livestockWage Labour

LocalMigration

Weak links in the livelihood basketLow agricultural productivityPractice of subsistence agriculture under

adverse and risky conditions Poor soil and water resource conditionLack of access to inputs Poorly/ non managed CPRLeading toHigh incidence of wasteland and severe

rural poverty

Problem TreeFOOD

SECURITY

Livelihood

Agriculture ForestService / Business

LivestockWage

Labour

Govt. Entitlements

AGRICULTURE

MONOCROPPING TOPOGRAPHYINSUFFCIENT

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

DEFAULT CROP MANAGEMENT

PRACTICEEROSION

POOR SOIL CONDITION

SMALL LAND HOLDING

UNBUNDED UPLANDS

INSUUFFCIENT NUTRIENT

APPLICATION

INSUFFICIENT ORGANIC MANURE

REDUCING NUMBER OF

CATTLE POPULATION

CREDIT AVAILABILITY

FAMILY SIZE

UNAWARE ABOUT BEST

AGRICULTURE PRACTICE

UNAWARE ABOUT THE ALTERNATIVES

FOR MANURING

SHIFT FROM DRYLAND CROPS

TOWARDS WATER

INTENSIVE CROPS

DYFUNCT PDS SYSTEM

RAINFED AGRICULTURE

ERRATIC RAINFALL

LESS WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES

AND MANAGEMENT

RECURRING DROUGHT

FOREST

LESS AVAILABILITY

FUELWOOD

LESS AVAILABILITY

NTFP

LESS AVAILABILITY

FODDER

LESS AVAILABILITY

FOOD

DEPENDENTS INCREASED

FOREST FIRELOSS OF

DIVERSITY

DECREASE IN FOREST COVER

NO CONSERVATION/

PLANTATION PLAN

POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA

LIVESTOCK

SMALL RUMINANT BIG RUMINANT

INSUFFCIENT CARE

INCIDENCE OF EPIDEMICS

HIGH MORTALITY RATE

INSUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF FEED

AND FODDER

FOREST DEPLETION

LOW PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY

DECREASING COMMON LAND

AREA FROM THE LENS

Topography and Cropping system

System deg. Upl Upl tanr Upl badi Mid- upl Mediumland

Low land

Soil Rocky,loamy sand

SL with gravel

SL, Sclay Loam

SL Sclay loam

Clay loam

Soil depth

shallow shallow Shallow - oderate

moderate moderate deep

Avaiable soil moisture

150-175 mm

200-225 mm

200-225 mm

225-250 mm

250-275 mm

300-375 mm

Fertility low low medium low Low to medium

Med. To high

Cropping system

Deg. Forest, not cultivated

Fallow

Gora, minor millets

Double,rice,maize,potato,vegetable

Mono, rice- medium duration

Mono- rice- long duration

Mono-rice-long duration

Problems Erosion, drought

Erosion, water scarcity

Small plot, lack of IP&NM

Lack of water

Lack of water

Poor drainage

APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES Staggered trench Upland treatment (30’ x 40’ Model)Medium land treatment (5% Model)Home stead land (Hapa)Small Dug well Tank renovation/excavation Micro lift irrigation

Staggered Trench after treatment

Checked Soil Erosion & Run off Water

Improve Moisture and Soil Fertility

Converted into Productivity Land

Checked Soil Erosion

Increased Moisture in the Upland Area

Increasing Fertility In The Land

Converted Into Agricultural LandChecked The Run off Water

Assure Mixed Cropping

SABAI CULTIVATION

Assured Paddy Cultivation

Transplanting Paddy in Proper Time Irrigation In Dry Spell

Pisciculture in the Pit Increased Ground Water

Assured Second Crop Cultivation

Checked Run Off Water Increase in Production

Drought Coping Mechanisms

Crop diversificationVarietal diversificationStorage of food and seedsLivelihood diversification

Country State District Name Geographical location and

coverage

Total no of population and HH of

target villages

No of HH covered

Selection criteria –why was the area selected

INDIA

BIHAR Gaya / Nawada South Bihar, Magadh Region

2700 300 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland

agriculture prospect

WEST BENGAL Purulia Western region of West Bengal

3750 750 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland

agriculture prospect

JHARKHAND

Ranchi South Chotanagpur

2700 300 Moderately Secure

Hazaribag North Chotanagpur

3750 750 Moderately Secure

Ramgarh North Chotanagpur

1200 300 Moderately Secure

West Singhbhum 1800 300 Very InsecureKhunti South

Chotanagpur1800 300 Moderately Secure

Gumla South Chotanagpur

1250 250 Very Insecure

Lohardaga South Chotanagpur

1250 250 Insecure

Giridih Santhal Pargana 2500 500 InsecureSahebganj Santhal Pargana 2500 500 Extremely Insecure

TOTAL 25200 4500

Secure Moderately Secure

Insecure Very Insecure

Extremely Insecure

Bokaro Ranchi Godda Chatra Sahibganj

Dhanbad Deoghar Lohardaga Palamu Garhwa

East Singhbhum

Hazaribag Pakur West Singhbhum

Ramgarh Koderma Gumla

Khunti Dumka

Giridih

FOOD SECURITY OUTCOME (FSO) STATUSBased on Food security atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UNFP & IHD

Result 1: Farm level action

Need to further break it according to land typeUpland- Mostly acidic(jharkhand), field bunding, bringing

more area under dryland crops millets, pulses, oilseeds and maize

Mixed cropping Increase in biomass cultivation on denuded uplandsGreen manuring crops on uplands and field bundsNitrogen fixing cropsMediumlandNeed to promote medium duration cropSystem of rice intensificationNitrogen fixing crops on residual moistureLowland

Action for promoting Food securityNeed to propagate multiple compost systemsNutritional garden in the BADI uplandVegetable cultivation through micro irrigation Documentation of present diversity and practices Group farmingGrain bank and seed bankPromotion of Poultry and small ruminantsAction Research to be undertaken to screen potential

local varieties( as per tillering potential, drought resistance, pest resistance and productivity)

Action research for introducing some principles of intensification in pulses and millets

Actions for Food security…Green manuring and fodder shrubs and trees on field bunds IPM and INM practices module for different crop type needs

to be developed( use of self cultivated and forest produce, mahua cake, neem cake, karanj cake, kusum cake, mustard cake for nutrient management)

Mulching and minimum tillage practices will be used to make maximum use of residual moisture after kharif crop

Soil testing needs to be done for better nutrient managementAction research on a contiguous patch of 25-30 acres in each

agro-climatic sub-zone.Crops for upland- Pulses, maize, millets( finger millet, kodo,

kutki, gondliProductivity low- 0.3 to 0.6 t/ha oilseeds; 0.4 t/ha to 0.6 t/ha

(millets); 0.5 to 1 t/ha pulses higher for maize 1.3t/ha Lac cultivation

Community Farming in Siyari

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