SOCI:E M:E 31 Jairtiaryscience.sciencemag.org/content/sci/143/3605/local/front-matter.pdf · twists very little during laying. ... compound MC/mM# ... stepwise laboratory procedures

SOCI:E M:E 31 Jairtiary 1964Vol. 143, No. 3605

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CHEMICAL PLANT COMPETITION

30 InterchangeableReasonsEach reason is an Offner Coupler-a small,efficient "conditioner" which takes transducer signalsand prepares them for faithful recording on theOffner Dynograph® recorder.

Why couplers? They are the simplest, most efficient,least expensive way to change recording parameters.No special amplifiers or preamplifiers to buy,just slip out one Coupler and slip in another.

How many Couplers do you need? Probably not morethan a half dozen, no matter how varied your recordingneeds. The 9806A, for instance, conditions morethan 20 signals including EKG, EEG, EMG, bloodpressure, pH, and oximetry. It costs $60.

But Couplers are really only one reason for selectingan Offner Dynograph recorder. Others are: the superiorcircuitry you'll find (fully solid state since 1955);the widest choice of recording methods, including inkrectilinear, ink curvilinear, heat, and electric; andthe superb performance which has made OffnerDynograph recorders the perennial choice ofthe electronically appreciative. For more reasonsthan we can count, ask for Data File OR-5.

INSTRUMENTS, INC.

SPINCO DIVISIONPALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA

Offner recorders are sold and serviced by Beckman worldwide facilities.International Subsidiaries: Geneva, Switzerland; Munich, Germany;Glenrothes, Scotland; Paris, France; Tokyo, Japan; Capetown, South Africa.

NEW DYNATRONIC

Grapliko>rdeor-103 MODELS * Spans from -1 Mv to 1OV

Engineered and styled for a variety of recording applications in chemical,biological, petro-chemical and clinical laboratories. Perfect for- recording suchvariables as: pH; Thermal conductivity; Titrations; Temperature, Pressure, Position,Strain, Flow rate, Speed, etc.

A full 10 inch recorder with the accuracy, fast pen response and economyfeatures that make it desirable for general laboratory and industrial applications.Ask for a demonstration.

Outstanding* Electrical span- 1 Millivolt to 10 Volts* High accuracy-1/4% of span* Fast reponse time.- 2/3 of a second fullscale* Variable range selection-Quick, plug-inrange adapter models to suit your requirements or,9-position model with span selector switch* Wide application-Excellent for gas chroma-tography or other specialized applications* Single or Dual chart speeds-Permits speedselection to suit your needs* Choice of reference systems-Zener orMercury Cell* Smooth, non-clogging ink flow-Easily filled,lift-out "ink" reservoir* Dual-sided chart drive-Synchronized sprock-ets guide the chart smoothly from both sides

Features* Manual chart advance-Convenient knob per-mits slight adjustments of chart paper* Self-locating, chart paper guide-Permitsrapid change of chart roll with less paper waste* Lightweight-Portable, compact, only 1 8 lbs.* Economical-Competitively priced, yet out-performs more expensive recorders!Optional Feature -Disc Integrator-for automaticcomputation of the area under the curve.

Cat. No. 8035 GRAPHICORDER-10.Potentiometric, 10" Recorder.

1 Mv. span, with extra range adapter, Mercury Cellreference system. Two-tone enamelled housing. Size18" Wx 14" Dx 71/2" High. 115 Volts, $71560 Cycles. Net wt. 1 8 lbs. Price.....230 Volts, 50 Cycles available on request.

Write for Bulletin 517 and names of authorized distributors.

DYNATRONIC INSTRUMENTS CORP.Ltd 1] Electronics Division/ LAB-LINE INSTRUMENTS, Inc.

LAB-LINE PLAZA * MELROSE PARK, ILLINOIS31 JANUARY 1964

419

Report from

:sI

New armorless deep-sea cable (upperright) is of simpler construction, andhas lower transmission losses than pre-vious cables of the same overall diameter(lower left). Unlike armored cable, ittwists very little during laying.

New type of deep-sea amplifier amplifies signals 100,000times. A 3500-mile route requires 180 such amplifiers,including more than 36,000 electronic components. Eachcomponent is designed for stability and reliabilityfar in excess of the requirements for land systems.

TUCKERTON CORNWALLNEW JERSEY ENGLAND

3,500 MILES -

-12 1.0

° 1.5

< 2.0

2.4

New approaches to cable laying-taking into account thedynamic characteristics of the cable, the motion of theship, and the contours of the ocean bottom-make itpossible to use a minimum length of cable to followthe mountains and valleys of the ocean floor. Care istaken to avoid mechanical strains and deformationsthat might cause changes in transmission performance.

'I"B.U x a .

New type of shipboard cable engine holds both small-diameter cable and large-diameter amplifiers between flex-ible tracks. The engine pays out cable and amplifiers smoothlyat a constant rate, permitting close implementation of theengineering approaches discussed above.

To energize the amplifiers, a new highlyreliable 6000-volt d.c. shore-based powersupply was developed. It sends preciselyregulated current along the same coaxialconductors that carry the communicationchannels, despite varying earth potentialsbetween the continents or islands on whichthe terminals are located.

New high-vacuum tube so designed that itscharacteristics will not change significantly overa twenty-year life-span. Essential to this long-life performance is a new cathode material con-sisting of nickel with two percent tungsten andtwo hundredths of one percent magnesium.

Latest ocean cable system made possible by new developments

These new developments, along with others, andthe scientific advances behind them, made pos-sible our most recent telephone cable system acrossthe Atlantic Ocean. In service beginning October 14,1963, it transmits 128 simultaneous two-way tele-phone conversations. In 1964, a cable of this kind

422

will be laid between Hawaii and Japan, providingan extension across the Pacific Ocean of the tele-phone cable system now in service to Hawaii.

BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIESWorld centerof communications research and development \

SCIENCE, VOL. 141

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NEW CARBON-14 LABELED COMPOUNDSsp. act.

compound MC/mM#NEC-350 Acetyl-1-C'4-choline Iodide 5.0NEC-347 Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate-C'4 (u. I.) ,231.0NEC-363 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-methyl-C'4 39.4NEC-346 D-Arabitol.1-C"4 1.5NEC-368 5-Bromodeoxyuridine-2-C'4 19.0NEC-359 o-Chloroaniline.C'4 (U. I.) 14.0NEC-351 Chloroform-C14 1.4NEC-365 1,1.bis-(p.Chlorophenyl-C'4).2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) 3.0NEC-360 o-Chlorophenoxyacetic-1.C"4 Acid 2.4NEC-361 p-Cresol-7.C'4 1.6NEC-348 Cytidine-5'-Monophosphate-C'4 (u. I.) 225.0

DDT-ring.C'4 (see 1, 1-bis-(p-Chlorophenyl-C'4)-2,2,2-trichloroethane)NEC-355 Deoxyuridine-2-CI4 (st. aq. soln.) 32.4NEC-370 3,4-Dichlorobenzoic.7-C'4 Acid 4.9NEC-371 5,6-Dihydroorotic-6_C'4 Acid 6.1NEC-342 DL-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-2-C"4 (DOPA) 2.6

(side chain label)NEC-343 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-C'4 (U. I.) 1.2NEC-344 Ethylene-1,2-C'4-diamine * 2HCI 2.0NEC. Glucose-C'4 (U. l.)-1-PhosphateNEC-353 D-Glucose-3,4.C'4 (90% ethanol soln.) 1.7NEC-354 Guanosine-5'-Monophosphate-C'4 (u. I.) 196.0CMM-110 DL.B-Hydroxylysine-6-C'4 . 2HCI 6.0NEC-372 N-Hydroxyurethane-carbonyl-C'4 0.4NEC-340 Isobutane-1-C'4 0.7NEC-341 Isobutane-2-C'4 1.0NEC-345 Isobutene-2-C'4 1.0

DL-lsocitric-5,6-C'4 Acid (See Sodium Isocitrate-5,6-C'4) -

NEC-373 P-Methyl_C'4-Galactopyranoside 1.1NEC-356 DL-Phenylalanine-C'4 (u.l. ring labeled) 2.0NEC-358 n-Propanol-2-C'4 4.2NEC-364 Quinic Acid-C'4 (generally labeled) 5.0NEC-349 D-Ribose.1-C'4 2.3NEC-362 Sarcosine-methyl C'4 HCI 2.0NEC-357 Shikimic Acid-C'4 (generally labeled) 8.4NEC-366 DL-Sodium lsocitrate-5,6-C'4 2.7

(contains 50% DL-Sodium Alloisocitrate-5,6-C'4) -

NEC-299 DL-Thyroxine-2-C'4 (side chain label) 10.2NEC-367 L-Tryptophan-3-CI4 22.8NEC-352 D-Tyrosine-1-C'4 23.9NEC-369 Uridine-5'-Monophosphate-CI4 (u. I.) 200.0

price1OMAC* 50,Ac* 0.1mc O.5mc 1.Omc

$ 30100O50557545

6520

200

80

$ 50 $250 $ 500200 t t300 t t100 500 1000140 700 140075 375 750- 400 800120 600 120030 150 30060 300 600

400 t t

140 700 140085 170

60 300 600120 600 1200

75 375 75060 300 600

in process500 t t400 t t80 290 580- 400 80075 375 75075 375 75050 250 500

120110

500703050095

150140120400

600550175

t350150t

475

750700600t

12001100350t700300t950

15001400120(t

4040

55

3565

45- 35

60 25055 200- 50

60

60

55

6560

2504025

25055

80

60200

NEW TRITIUM LABELED COMPOUNDSsp. act. price

compound mc/mM# 250,c* 1 mc 5 mc 25mc 100mcNET-129 Acbtyl-H3-DLaspartic AcidNET-130 DL-Alanine-3-H3NET-124 Butane-1,2lH3NET-123 Deoxyadenosine-H3NET-128 Deoxycytidine-H3NET-131 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyl-2-H3-amine (DOPAMINE)NET-125 Ethylene-1,2-H3 diamine * 2HCINET-126 D-Galactose-1-H3NET-132 p-Hydroxyphenylethylamine-H3 (g. I.) (Tyramine)NET.127 L-Tyrosine-3,5-HsNET-133 DL-ValIne-3,4-Hs

39 $30236 201005326031003341

15605600137

4040303040303020

$ 70 $210 $630 $ t50 150 450 t

90 215100 300 900 t100 300 900 t70 210 630 t70 210 630 t100 300 900 t70 210 630 t70 210 630 t50 150 450 t

*AEC LICENSE EXEMPT PACKAGEtQUOTATION ON REQUEST I PRESENT LOT

catalognumber

catalognumber

D. H. CampbellJ. S. Garvey

N. E. CremerD. H. Sussdorf

AMETHODS IN IMMUNOLOGY

This profusely illustrated text was written for the laboratory courseat Caltech. Although it is organized for a formal course in im-munology, its description of techniques will be of use to researchworkers who haze had little or no experience in the field.

The text is divided into three major sections. The first coverstwelve basic laboratory methods, such as the injection and bleed-ing of animiials. protein estimation, starch-block electrophoresis,centrifugation, and dialysis. The second contains thirity-five exer-cises. each concerned uwith a specific immunological principle; thestepwise laboratory procedures to be followed in each case aregiwen together with details of the materials and equipment required.Part three covers Special Reagents. 478 Pages. $8.75

MONOGRAPHS IN CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS:

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THE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN136 Pages, cloth $5.75

e PHYSICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY176 Pages, cloth $7.50 paper $3.95

BORON HYDRIDES288 Pages, cloth

Q CONTRIBUTIONS TO THETHEORY OF CHEMICAL KINETICS

114 Pages, paper

4 OXIDATION MECHANISMS192 Pages, cloth

6 PART II, THERMODYNAMICS OFSMALL SYSTE1MIS

200 Pages, cloth

METAL IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION144 Pages, cloth

THE QUANTUM THEORY OFMOLECULAR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

528 Pages, cloth $10.00 p

Q COMPOSITION TABLES408 Pages, cloth

Q INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS192 Pages, cloth

WI A. BENJAMIN2465 Broadway New York 10025 jI 2 CEC,VL 4

$14.00

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A NEW LABORATORY TEXT:

424 SCIENCE, VOL. 143

PHARMACIALEADING IN DEXTRAN

CHEMISTRY

A NEW CONCEPT IN-Xn 11 n II 1 If 11 111n/\IONI EnXCHANGERS

New Cation Exchangers Specifically forChromatography of Labile CompoundsSEPHADEX cation exchangers, the high-capacity exchangers derived fromSEPHADEX,are now commercially avail-able. These new ion exchangers were de-veloped by Pharmacia of Uppsala, Swe-den. Under extensive testing, SEPHADEXion exchangers exhibited the followingproperties: High capacity for large mole-cules * Low nonspecific adsorption UQuantitative desorption * High flow rate* Good reproducibility * Easy columnpacking

These new products include bothweak and strong cation exchangers.CM-SEPHADEX is the carboxymethyletherof SEPHADEX. SE-SEPHADEX is a sulfo-ethylether derivative.They are produced in two types, C-25

and C-50, thus providing selectivity inthe degree of porosity; i.e., cross-link-ages. These forms of SEPHADEX are avail-able as a powder in three particle sizes-coarse, medium and fine. Due to their po-rous structure and high degree of substi-tution, CM-SEPHADEX and SE-SEPHADEXhave a high capacity for large molecules.They show a low nonspecific adsorption,therefore are ideal for chromatographyof labile substances such as enzymes andhormones. Relative capacities of thesetwo SEPHADEX cation exchangers are asfollows:

ADSORPTION CAPACITY FOR HEMOGLOBIN'SEPHADEX ion exchanger Type Hemoglobin capacityCM-SEPHADEX C-25 0.7 g./g.CM-SEPHADEX C-50 4.7 g./g.SE-SEPHADEX C-25 0.7 g./g.SE-SEPHADEX C-50 2.4 g./g.

'The solution was equilibrated at pH 6.5 In a sodium phos-phate buffer (ionic strength 0.05)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The matrix in SEPHADEX ion exchangersconsists of cross-linked dextran chains,where the functional groups are attachedat random by ether linkages to the glucoseresidues in the polysaccharide chains.The characteristics of these cation ex-

changers include:* Insolubility in water, yet with pro-

nounced hydrophilic properties thatproduce rapid swelling

* Varying degree of swelling dependingon differences in degree of cross-linkages

* Uniform functional group distribu-tion, both on the inside and outside ofgel particles

By variation in degree of cross-linkages,,different porosities of the network areobtained.

All ionic groups of C-25 and C-SO areavailable as adsorbing sites. In the C-25types, molecules less than 10,000 inmolecular weight are accessible to alladsorbing sites, although the larger mol-

ecules adsorb only on the surface.SE-SEPHADEX functional groups are

strongly acidic and completely dissoci-ated at pH 3. This cation exchanger hasa full capacity even at very low pHvalues, and its exchange capacity is 2-2.5meq/g.The fractionation shown below exem-

plifies many of the purifications possibleby an SE-SEPHADEX system:

FRACTIONATION OF ENZYMES IN A PANCREAS EXTRACT

Sample: Extract of pancreas powder with phosphatebuffer pH 5.0, /I = 0.05, contalnIng 0.002M CaCl2.

Elutlon: Sodium phosphate buffer pH 5.0, ,u =0.05.Then with the same buffer but graduallyincreasing pH from 5.0 to 8.2, and finallywith an Ionic strength gradient up to it =0.4 at constant pH 8.2. All buffers contaln0.002 M CaCI2.

CM-SEPHADEX is most effective at pHvalues above 4-5, and the very high ex-change capacity of 4-5 meq/g identifiesthis cation exchanger as exceptionallysuitable for protein chromatography.SEPHADEX cation exchangers do not

cause denaturation or irreversible ad-sorption, and the desorption of both canbe performed under mild conditions.

For complete informationabout Ion Exchangers and alltypes of SEPHADEX please fill inthe request coupon and sendit to us with your letterhead.

(Inquiries outside theWestern Hemisphere shouldbe directed to PHARMACIA,

Uppsala, Sweden.)

31 JANUARY 1964

r-- ----

PHARMACIA FINE CHEMICALS, INC. 501 Fifth Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.Please send the following:D SEPHADEX CATION ION EXCHANGE r SAMPLE OF CM- and

EXCHANGERS BULLETIN LJ ABSTRACTS LJ SE-SEPHADEX

Name

Company

Address

425.

IIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIIII

No other Lab SuPPIuFirm can make thisstatement:

STATEMENTOnly Matheson Scientific has 2big catalogs neitherof which bearsour name. This doesn't confuseus a bit. Use either book toorder anything from any of ourbranches or sales offices.

§ use either one S

E |fATHESUN SNIENTIFIGChicago 1735 N. Ashland Ave. /Cincinnati 6265 Wiehe Road / Cleveland Laisy Ave. & East 88th St. /Detroit 9240 Hubbell Ave. / Houston 6622 Supply Row / Kansas City, Mo. 1827 McGee St. / Los Angeles3237 S. Garfield Ave. / Oakland, Calif. 5321 E. 8th St. / Philadelphia Jackson & Swanson Sts. / St. Louis5147 drown Ave. / SALES OFFICES: Baton Rouge 6, Louisiana, 3160 Florida Street, Doherty Building, Room

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-I426

SCIENCE, VOL. 143SCIENCEj VOL. 143426

E

HE MOST AD-ALI RESEARCH:

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a

* Touch a single button: computer-controlled, electro-magnetic shutter sets itself automatically for exposuresvarying between 1/100 second and 1/2 hour or more.

* Choice of two types of automatic light measurementand exposure: integrating or detail. You can set theORTHOMAT to determine the correct exposure for theentire field or for any detail of the microscopic image(dark field, phase or fluorescence). Light measurementand exposure occur automatically.

* Beam-splitter permits continuous viewing withoutinterruption as you trigger automatic photomicrographs.

* Interchangeable film chamber with automatic trans-port and counters permits alternation between color and

bers can be changed at any pointresumed at any time.

New Leitz ORTHOMAT puts themicrographic techniques at yotbutton simplicity. Its exclusive fteof any other micro-camera-eveAnd ... ORTHOMAT works hand-iparable Leitz ORTHOLUX UniversaResult: ORTHOMAT becomes an alscope capable of solving the mo:graphic tasks at the touch of a bLdesigned ORTHOLUX systems ofmechanics include separate andtransmitted illumination, brightcontrast, polarized light and fluoWWhatever your field-in researci--for the best results obtainabletrial-and-error methods, ORTHCanswer at the touch of a button.

TZ, INC., 468 PARK AVENUE SOUTHr b u t o r s f t h e wo r I d - f ai mLeitz G. m.b. H., WetzIar, Germarny-EAND LEICINA CAMERAS * LENSES - PROJI

SCIENCE, VOL. 143

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mination andincident andfield, phase

434

Higher E INNEWTRI-CARBSPECTROMETERS

The "figure of merit" used in quantitative evaluationof the counting performance of liquid scintillationspectrometers is the factor of efficiency squared di-vided by background (E2IB)*. The instrument withthe highest E2IB can achieve a desired statistical ac-curacy in the shortest counting time, or it can collectdata to the greatest accuracy in a given time.New Tri-Carb Spectrometers have an E2 B approxi-mately 100% greater for tritium and 50% greater forcarbon-14 than older type liquid scintillation spectro-meters. These high figures of n)erit have been ac-complished by both:

(a) Increasing efliciencies(b) Reducing backgrounds

INCREASED EFFICIENCIESNew 3000 and 4000 Series Tri-Carb Spectrometersprovide significantly higher counting efficienciesfor low energy isotopes through the use of im-proved optics and advanced electronics with PulseSummation, an exclusive Packard development.A specially designed optical chamber maximizeslight collection by transmitting the greatest numberof photons from the liquid scintillation sample tothe photocathodes of a pair of carefully selectedand matched photomultiplier tubes. The use of13-dynode phototubes obviates the need for pre-amplifiers and permits the use of high speed elec-tronic circuitry for Pulse Summation. This results

in a twofold improvement in the signal-to-noiseratio. Result: higher efficiencies than ever beforepossible with this type of counting equipment.LOWER BACKGROUNDSBackground is significantly reduced by the im-proved electronics and by superior shielding ofthe detector. Ultra-high-speed coincidence resolv-ing time (30 nanoseconds) virtually eliminatesbackground contribution from "accidentals'" evenwhen using more efficient photomultiplier tubeswith inherently higher dark noise.Great care is taken to select only radioactively cleanmaterial for the detector shield. A minimum of 2inches of lead is provided in all directions, includ-ing the ends. ''Graded shielding" of lead, cadmiumand copper is especially effective in reducing back-ground from environmental radiation.By increasing efficiencies and reducing back-ground, new Tri-Carb Spectrometers achievethe highest possible E2/B. Thus, they permitthe most accurate collection of data in a givencounting time or, alternatively, the most rapidcollection of data to a given accuracy, therebyeffectively increasing actual counting ca-pacity.Higher E2/B is just one of many significant newfeatures available in Packard Tri-Carb Spectrometers.Ask your Packard Sales Engineer for complete details,or write for Bulletin.

*N.B. Since there are substantial variations in standards (especially tritium) prepared in different labora-tories, it is important to use the same standard and blank in comparing the performance of two instruments.

|P kad Z|PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.m | BOX 428 * LA GRANGE, ILLINOIS - AREA CODE 312 * 485-6330

SCIENCE, VOL. 143436