www.bournemouth.ac.uk Requirements-Driven Social Adaptation: Expert Survey Malik Al Maliki 1 , Funmilade Faniyi 2 , Rami Bahsoon 2 , Keith Phalp 1 and Raian Ali 1 1 Bournemouth University, UK 2 University of Birmingham, UK REFSQ, Essen, Germany, 7-10 April, 2014 [email protected]
Malik Almaliki, Funmilade Faniyi, Rami Bahsoon, Keith Phalp, Raian Ali. Requirements-driven Social Adaptation: Expert Survey. The 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2014), Essen, Germany. April 2014.
Self-adaptation empowers software systems with the capability to meet stakeholders’ requirements in a dynamic environment. Such systems autonomously monitor changes and events which drive adaptation decisions at runtime. Social Adaptation is a recent kind of requirements-driven adaptation which enables users to give a runtime feedback on the success and quality of a system’s configurations in reaching their requirements. The system analyses users’ feedback, infers their collective judgement and then uses it to shape its adaptation decisions. However, there is still a lack of engineering mechanisms to guarantee a correct conduction of Social Adaptation. These slides report on a two-phase Expert Survey to identify core benefits, domain areas and challenges for Social Adaptation.We provide practitioners and researchers in adaptive systems engineering with insights on this emerging role of users, or the crowd.
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www.bournemouth.ac.uk
Requirements-Driven Social Adaptation: Expert Survey
Malik Al Maliki1, Funmilade Faniyi2, Rami Bahsoon2, Keith Phalp1 and Raian Ali11 Bournemouth University, UK
“Self-adaptive software evaluates its own behavior and changes behavior when the evaluation indicates that it is not accomplishing what the software is intended to do, or when better
functionality or performance is possible.” (Laddaga 1997)
•Why do we need adaptivity in software?• Adapt to internal and external changes.• Maximize operation in different conditions.• Reduce the cost and time of manual adaptation.• Keep the satisfaction of requirements.
Social Adaptation “the system autonomous ability to analyse users’ feedback and choose upon
an alternative behaviour which is collectively shown to be the best for meeting requirements in a context” (Ali et al. 2012)
•A social driver for adaptation: users’ judgments on the quality and validity of the different ways through which a system can reach their requirements
• Socially-driven adaptation • Giving users’ a voice in tailoring adaptation actions• Maximize users’ satisfactions.
• The aim is to poll experts’ opinion on:1. The benefits and drawback of Social Adaptation,2. Application areas for Social Adaptation3. The role of users’ feedback in steering software
adaptation, and 4. The engineering of software-based feedback
• Social Adaptation • Highly valuable for both developers and users.
• Benefits of Social Adaptation for developers• Rich understanding and knowledge of the SA system and its users.• Reducing the upfront effort in design phase.
Benefits of Social Adaptation for software developers
• Areas outside the scope of Social Adaptation are:
• Critical systems such as Life-critical software used in hospitals.• Security and Privacy sensitive applications.• Non- or less-interactive systems under the control of centralised
• What would influence the quality of collected users feedback
The quality of collected feedback can be affected by the following factors:• Time of asking for feedback.• User interface.• Language used.• Quality of users.• User’s mood.
The percentage of experts who indicate the quality of collected feedback can be affected by the way it is
• A high degree of challenge was given to engineering challenges related to:• Enabling users to steer the adaptation process and the degree in
which they are willing to steer it such as :• Monitoring adaptation spaces.• Degree of autonomy (how much control users would give to software systems).
• Engineering feedback acquisition and empowering adaptivity in it such as:
• Some domain-specific feedback acquisition languages and mechanisms might be needed.• Feedback acquisition drivers:
• Identifying the relevant drivers of the adaptive acquisition of users feedback.• Engineer these drivers in a non-intrusive way to users.
• Users selection• Interaction style such as incentivising users to give feedback
• Social Adaptation is a highly beneficial concept to both developers and clients of socially adaptive systems.
• Enabling Social Adaptation is a technically challenging process.
• Lack of models and mechanisms for enabling Social Adaptation.
• Engineering approaches are highly needed for Social Adaptation to: • Empower users’ involvement in shaping adaptation decisions.• Systematically develop the feedback acquisition process, interaction
• We would like to thank:• Experts who took part in the surveys for their valuable input.• Dr. Sarah Williams from BU for insights on conducting qualitative research.• The anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback.
• The research is supported by: • Bournemouth University through the Graduate School PGR Development Fund. • Saudi Ministry of Higher Education through the 4th scholarship program.• FP7 Marie Curie Grant (the SOCIAD project) • Bournemouth University Fusion Investment Fund (BBB, VolaComp and BUUU projects)