Social Studies Glossary

Elementary School Level

Glo

ssar

y Social Studies Glossary

English / Fulani

Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5.

Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students

Updated January 2018

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ................. Bronx T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ........................................................... Rochester ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................. Great Neck LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed.D. . ...................................................................... Beechhurst CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. . ........................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................... Rochester KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D. ...................................................................... Brooklyn JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D. ....................................................................................... New York JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. .............................................................................. Monticello JUDITH CHIN, M.S. in Ed. ............................................................................................... Little Neck BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed. ........................................................... Morristown CATHERINE COLLINS, R.N., N.P., B.S., M.S. in Ed., Ed.D. ............................................ Buffalo JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., C.A.S. ............................................................................. New Hempstead NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. ................................................................................................ Manhattan ELIZABETH S. HAKANSON, A.S., M.S., C.A.S. ................................................................ Syracuse LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................................... New York SUSAN W. MITTLER, B.S., M.S. ....................................................................................... Ithaca Commissioner of Education and President of The University MARYELLEN ELIA Executive Deputy Commissioner ELIZABETH R. BERLIN The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY – ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 1

ENGLISH FULANI

A A.D. A.D. abilities baawɗe absence of government soynde laamu absentee ballot cuɓol mo walaa ɗon accomplishments timmooɗe achievements keɓe acid rain ƴiyeende tooke across time and place nder wakkatiire e wigeere action plan wanngina kuuɗe activities kuuɗe adults mawɓe aerial photographs footooji dow AFL-CIO AFL-CIO Africa Afrik agriculture ndema Algonquians Algonkooɓe alike/different nanndi/feerootiri allegiance narra alternative solutions ɗate goɗɗe altiplano altipilano altitude adow amendment wo’inki American democracy: ideals, values/principles of

demookiraɗiyaawu Ameerik: anniya, giɗaaɗi/joɗaaɗi

American Revolution, the Americas Wayluki Ameerika, lesɗe Ameerika Americas Lesɗe Ameerika ancestor maamiraawo Antarctic Circle Serkal Antarkati Antarctica Antarkatik anthem mantoore appoint ardina appointed leaders ardinaaɓe appointed office gollirde archaeologists lincitooɓe sawdu leydi Arctic Circle Serkal Arkatik areas banyeeje arid jo’orngol art diidol artifacts suuɗiiɗe assembly kawtal



ENGLISH FULANI assembly line diggol kawtal authority laamu autobiographies habartirooji autobiography habartiro automobiles mootaaji availability woodanki avenues of participation ɗate taweeki Aztecs Astek

B B.C. hade gargol annabi Isaa (B.C.) backgrounds we’itto barter mbatta basic arannde basin waalowol Battle of Quebec Konu Kibek battles konuuji before/after bako/ɓaawo belief nuɗɗina belief system jahargal nuɗɗino beliefs nuɗɗini Bill of Rights Hakkeeji woote biographies kubaruuji biography habaruwol bodies of water maaje border keerol Boston Tea Party Ti Paati mo Boston boundary keerol boycott wanya branches of government geɓe laamu British North America Act Keeriwol woyla Ameerika les Ingila budget ketol

C cabinet ardiiɓe cable ɓoggol lantarkiye calendar limlebbiwol campaign tefa Canada Kanada Canadian Bill of Rights Hakkeeji Woote Kanada canal ilaagol capital (state and money) puccu (jihawol e ceede)



ENGLISH FULANI capital goods donle puccu capital resources keɓirɗe puccu capitalism coggu cardinal directions buttuli nayi cause sabaabu celebrate humta celebration humtuki celebrations kumte census limngal Central America Caka Ameerik century duuɓi teemerre change wayla checks and balances Tennindira woote child labor Golle sukaaɓe children sukaa Chippewa Cippiyeere choice cuɓol choices cuɓi citizen leydiijo citizenship lesdiiku civic life ngeendam nafuki leydi civic values needi lesdiiku civil rights hakke lesdiiku civil rights movement tefuki hakke lesdiiku civil wars konuuji lesdi civilization waytaare civilizations baytaaje clans leƴƴi classroom janngirdu climate mbayyu clothing holtuki collect taxes jomorgol lesdi colonial jagginki colonial governments laamuuji jagginki colonies jagginaaɗe colonists jagginɓe colony jagginaandi Committees of Correspondence Kawte Maatootiro common good jam yimɓe fuu commonwealth kawtal Commonwealth of Nations Kawtal Lesɗe



ENGLISH FULANI communication maatootiro communism sumpootiraaku communities ummaatooje community ummaatoore community service kuugal ummaatoore compact ɓiɗɗii compare/contrast nanndira/feerootinira compass sapporgal compromise narral compulsory education anndal doole computer ordinaatoor confederacy jonnde kawtal lesɗe conflict luural conflict resolution narrininki conflicts luure congress moobgal conquistador konoowo consequences sababuuji conservation reenuki consideration raaruki Constitution of the State of New York Keeriwol Jihawol Nii Yok Constitution of the United States Keeriwol Ameerik constitutional democracy demookiraaɗiyawu ngu keeriwol consumer naftiroowo consumers naftirooɓe consumption naftirki consumption of goods donle naftirteeɓe continent winndere Continental Congress Moobgal Winndere Continental Divide Senndo Winndere continents binɗe contour diidol contrast peerootiral contributions ballanɗe cooperation jokkere costs coggi cotton belt ñayri hottollo credit mamaande criteria ɗatal cultural characteristics gikkuuji aade cultural contributions ballanɗe aade



ENGLISH FULANI cultural differences peerootire aaade cultural diffusion jomindirki aade cultural diversity peerootiral aade cultural groups cuuɗi aade culture aada

cultures - characteristics, distribution, complexity of

aadaaji – ngikkuuji, cennde, jillindiri

currency kaalis customs ndonuuji

D day ñalawma De Witt Clinton De Witt Clinton decade duuɓi sappo decision saawara decision-making hoosuki – sawara decisions saawaraaji declaration wannginki Declaration of Independence Wanngina Ndimu delta maajeeri democracy demookiraaɗiyaaku Democratic Party Jam’iyawal Demookiraaɗiyaaku democratic principles danrange demookiraaɗiyaaku democratic values giɗaaɗi demookiraaɗiiyaaku developed nations lesɗe pa’uɗe yeeso developing nations lesɗe pa’ooje yeeso developments ɓamtooje diagram diidol diagrams diidi dictatorship doolewu different/same feere/nanndi direction huccita diseases ñawuuji display holla disputes kaɓe distance woɗɗuki distribution sennduki diverse ɗuuɗi diversity ɗuuɗuki document ɗereewol due process tokka ɗatal



ENGLISH FULANI Dutch colonies jagginaaɗe Oland Dutch West India Company Hampaniire Hirna End Oland

E earn yoɓee Earth’s surface dow duuniyaaru economic ñawdi economic capital puccu ñawdi economic concepts ɗate ñawdi economic decision making numuki dow ñawdi economic decisions numooji ñawdi economic development ɓataaki ñawdi economic factors daliilaaji ñawdi economic growth layuki ñawdi economic interdependence sumpootiro ñawdi economic systems ɗate ñawdi economics anndal ñawdi economies jawle effects ko waddata elect suɓa elected leaders suɓaaɓe ardiiɓe elected office gollirde suɓaaɗo election cuɓol Ellis Island filoondiyam Ellis emigrants egguɓe empathy yurminana employee liggatooɗo employer ligganoowo encomienda system jahargal encomienda encounter fota enforce tabbitina English colonies jagginaaɗe Aŋŋalteer environment wonannde environmental factors daliilaaji wonannde equality nanndinaaku equality of opportunity nanndinaaku laawol era sarde eras sardeeji ethnic mo leñol ethnic group leñol ethnicity leñaaku



ENGLISH FULANI Europe Erop

European encounter and exchanges - of technologies, plants, animals, diseases

Kawtal Erop e hokkindiro dow mbaawaanguuji, aawarle, leɗɗe, dabbaaji, nyawuuji

events kumte exchange hokkindira executive semmbe executive branch of government lisal semmbe to ngomnati expansion jaajal exploitation wurtinki exploration tefuki explorers tefooɓe exports burtinteeɗe

F facilities kuuje fact/opinion goonga/miijo factors of production daliilaaji heɓinki factory sañirde family ɓesngu far/near woɗɗoo/ɓadoo federal lesdi federal government ngomnati lesdi festival fijirde festivals fijirlooji flag iililal folktale taalol folktales taali food ñaamri forced relocation doolee eggi foreign policy jahargal sumpo yaasi foreign relations sumpo yaasi Fort Orange Leemuure Fot Oraas foundation tiggol free enterprise luumo caahu free trade luumooku caahu freedom ndimu French Canadians Wolwooɓe Farayse to Kanada French colonies Jagganiiɗe Faransaari frontier keerol functions of government ko yowa dow ngomnati fundamental economic questions naamlee mawɗe dow ñawdi



ENGLISH FULANI fundamental values neediiji semmbiɗɗi future yeeso

G game fijo gender tagdi generation walde geographic characteristics gikkuuji leydi geographic factors daliilaaji leydi geographic features kollooji leydi geographic features/areas kollooji/bigeeji leydi geographic information habaru leydi geography anndal leydi geological processes ɗate les leydi global warming foo’o duuniyaaru globe duuniyaaru globes duuniyaaji

goods and services - production, distribution, exchange, consumption of

donle e kuuɗe – waɗuki, sennduki, hokkindira, naftirki

goods donle govern ardoo governance ardaare government ngomnati Great Depression Soynde Ɗuuɗngal grid jogorde Gross Domestic Product Ɗuuɗal Ko Lesdi Waɗuki Gross National Product Ɗuuɗal ko Waɗetee to Lesdi groups cuuɗi growth manngu Gulf Stream Powɗe

H habitat wonirde Haudenosaunee Hawdenoosawni health cellal hemisphere senndere duuniyaaru historic events kumte taariha historical taariha historical evidence seyda taariha historical narratives fillaaji taariha history taariha



ENGLISH FULANI

Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, New Years Day, Dr. Martin Luther King Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Flag Day)

Siwtaaje (Ñalawma Kolombus, Ñalawma Cuɓol, Ñalawma Soojano’en, Yettoore, Ñalawma Hitaande Hesre, Ñalawma Dr. Maretiŋ Luuta King, Ñalawma Laamɓe leydi, Ñalawma Siftorde, Ñalawma Lilala)

home galle hopes yelooji House of Representatives Majalisaaɓe Wakiili’en human neɗɗo human capital risku neɗɗo human migration eggol himɓe human migrations eggooɓe human resources riskuuji neɗɗo human rights hakkeeji neɗɗo human settlements jooɗorɗe yimɓe human systems jaharle yimɓe

I ideals of American democracy giɗaaɗi demookiraaɗiyaawu Ameerik ideas numooji identity hebtuki immigrants nastooɓe immigration nastuki important nafoowo imports nastinaaɗe inaugurated confederation kawtal jaɓaangal Incas hulna income nastooje indentured servant maccuɗo jogaaɗo independence ndimu indigenous peoples himɓe wigeere individual neɗɗo individual rights hakke neɗɗo

individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.

hakke neɗɗo faade yonki, ndimu, heɓude welwelo.

individuals yimɓe industrial expansion yaajuki mbaawaangu industrial growth manngu mbaawaangu industrial growth/expansion manngu/yaajuki mbaawaangu Industrial Revolution Waylaaki Mbaawaangu industrialization mbaawaangu industry mbaawaangu



ENGLISH FULANI inhabitants yimɓe hoɗɓe interdependence wallindirki interdependent waliindirkaaku international organizations dental duuniyaaru interpret law firta kiita interpret laws firta kiite interpretations pirte Inuits Iskimooɓe invention taga inventions tageeji Iroquois Irooko’en Iroquois Confederacy Lesɗe Irooko’en irrigation yarnuki issues caɗeele isthmus cakaare

J judgments ñaawooje judicial Kiitaakuko ñaawaa judicial branch of government lisal ngomnati ñaawoore judicial branch lisal ñaawoore junta kawtal jury ñaawooɓe jury service kuugal ñaawooɓe justice ñaawoor

K - L kindergarten janngirde keccon labor kuugal labor force ɗuuɗal huuwooɓe labor movement haɓanki huuwooɓe labor union kawtal huuwooɓe land formations no lesdi wayi land masses no lesdi tekkiri languages bolle Latin America Amerik Latin latitude yaajeende laws laabi laws/rules laabi/ñaawooje leaders ardiiɓe League of Nations Kawtal Lesɗe learn janngude



ENGLISH FULANI legal keeriiku legends donaaɗi legislative branch lisal keeriiku legislative branch of government lisal keeriiku ngal ngomnati legislature keeriiɓe liberty ndimu library deftereeru library resources keɓirɗe deftereeru life yonki lifestyle ngeendam like/dislike yiɗde/añde limited ŋakki limited resources keɓirɗe ŋakkuɗe limited/unlimited ŋakki/ŋakkaayi local pamarum local government hukuma pamara local region ñayri pamardi location wonuki lock maɓɓa locomotive yahira ƴulɓe long ago ko neeɓi longhouse wuro yuunngo longitude juutngo loyalist tokkuɗo loyalty tokkuki

M maize masardi majority rule laamu ɗuuɗɓe make laws diida laabi manor ganduuje manufacture waɗa manufacturing waɗuki maps diidi markets luuɓe mass starvation weelo ɗuuɗngo Mayas Mayas Mayflower Compact Laawal Mayflower megalopolis wuro mawngo member jeyaaɗo memorials ko yawti



ENGLISH FULANI merchant luumoowo meridians meridiyaaɓe Midwest Hirna-caka migration egguki migration/immigration egguki/nastuki millennium ujune ɗiɗiire millennia ujune ɗiɗiije mining irtuki miin minority rights, respect for hakke famɗuɓe, needi ngam minutemen poondoowo wakkatiire Mississippi River Maayo Mississipi modernization hesiɗinki modify wo’ina monarchy Laamu doole money ceede months lebbi monument tilimɗum monuments tilimɗi motives daliilaaji movement of people and goods ado donle e himɓe multicultural aade ɗuuɗɗe myself mihin myths kaale

N NAFTA NAFTA nation lesdi national lesdiiku national level of governments geɓe ngomnati to lesdi nation-state lesdi-jihawol Native American Indian Indiyankeejo Ameerik Native American Indians Indiyankooɓe Ameerik natural resources risku lesdi near/far haade/woɗɗoo needs giɗaaɗi neighborhood heddiraaku neutral suɓaayi-wanyaayi New Amsterdam Amsterdam Hesre New Netherlands Oland Hesre northwest passage ƴaɓɓorde woyla soɓɓirde hirna now jooni



ENGLISH FULANI nuclear family ɓesngu

O

OAS OAS objects kuuje oceans maaje oligarchy laamu seɗɗa opportunity cost ceede geɗal oral history taariiha hunnduko others woɗɓe

P parallel diidol jaadugol parallels diidi jaaduɗi parent jinnaajo Parliament Majaalisa participatory skills baawɗe taweeki past ƴaɓɓii past/present ƴaɓɓii/jooni patriot tiɗɗo patriotism tiiɗal patriotisms tiiɗalji patriots tiɗɓe patroon kakkilanoowo people yimɓe person neɗɗo perspectives darɗe Peter Stuyvesant Peter Stuyvesant petition wullaandu physical semmbe physical characteristics gikkuuji semmbe physical environment semmbe nokku physical feature nanndude semmbe physical features nannduɗe semmbe physical map taswiira semmbe physical setting we’ito semmbe physical systems jaharle semmbe places bigeeje plan taskar pledge daranoo Pledge of Allegiance Sabbina points of view e gi’uɗe



ENGLISH FULANI political siyaasaaku political boundaries keeri siyaasaaku political map taswiira siyaasaaku political party jam’iyya siyaasaaku political power semmbe siyaasaaku political systems jaharle siyaasaaku pollution wonnuki population ɗuuɗal himɓe population density tedduki ɗuuɗal himɓe population distribution saakaaki ɗuuɗal himɓe

population movement - rural to urban to suburban - 20th century

egguki ɗuuɗal himɓe – ladde yaha birniwol – duuɓi 20 milaadiyya

power semmbe practices gaɗeteeɗe prairies laddeeji Preamble to the Constitution Omtoode Keeriwol Lesdi present jooni president ardiiɗo Prime Meridian Ƴaɓɓo Ñalawma Prime Minister Gardiiɗo principles of democracy dannyare demookiraaɗiyaawu problem solving taɓɓaaki fergere problems perge producers heɓooɓe production heɓuki productivity heɓuki products keɓaaɗe profit ɓesdaari projects kuuɗe property ñawdi protect faddoo protests tikke province laamorde public benefit bote himɓe public education anndal ngam himɓe purpose of government daliila ngomnati pursuit of happiness tefuki welwelo



ENGLISH FULANI

Q - R quantities ɗuuɗal race leñol radios rajooji railroad ngaljirgiwal rain forest wumre ñiɓɓunde raw material keccum reason daliila receipts risiiɗiiji recycling wayluki reference books defte daareteeɗe reform wo’ina region ñayri regions jaaje relationships sumpooji relief (physical) map kartal taswiira (semmbe) religion diine religious diinanke renewable resource heɓirde hesiɗinki repeal wullita representation wakiltee representative wakiiliijo representatives wakiili’en republic lesdi Republican Party Jam’iyya Repubilik reservation resena resources keɓe respect needi responsibilities kuuɗe revolution wayluki Richard Nicholls Richard Nicholls rights hakke Robert Fulton Robert Fulton role waɗannde roles gaɗannde roles of citizens gaɗanɗe jom lesdi’en roots of American culture ɗaɗi aade Ameeriknaaɓe rules keeri rural ladde rural to urban to suburban migration eggol diga ladde yaade birniwol e gure mawɗe



ENGLISH FULANI

S sachem sasem safeguarding individual liberties hakkilanki ndimu himɓe safety kisndam same/different nanndii/feerootiri satellite-produced images footooji saataale satisfy heƴa scale metirgal scarce resources keɓe ɓe ɗuuɗaa scarcity ɗuuɗaa school duɗal science and technology kiimiiyaaku e mbaawaangu

scientific/technological exchanges and connections

hokkindirki kiimiyya/mbaawaangu e kawtanɗe

seaways ɗate maaje secondary source heɓirde ɗiɗaɓre security jonnde jam self hoore selling sooruki Senate of the United States Majaalisaaru Senaa Ameerik separatists wurtiiɓe services kuuɗe settle jooɗoo settlement wigeere settlements bigeeje settler jooɗiiɗo shape suura shelter ɗuworde similarities/differences nannduɗe/peerootirɗe slave maccuɗo slave trade luumo maccungaaku slavery maccungaaku social wedditaare social/cultural changes and connections wedditaare/waylaaki aade e kawtanɗe socialism nanndinaraaku societies ummaatooje society ummaatoore solutions bo’ini solving problems wo’’inki perge songs gimi



ENGLISH FULANI Sons of Liberty Ɓiɓɓe Rimɓe South America Fommbina Ameerik Spanish colonies jaggaaɗe Espaañ spatial organization kawtal asamaan speeches jawaabuuji standard of living poondol ngeendam stars and stripes koode e ƴare state jihawol state government ngomnati jihawol Statue of Liberty Darnde Ndimu steamboat laanawal steamboats laanaaje stock market luumo puccu stories daari strategy dabare strengths semmbe strike tikka student rights hakke fukaraaɓe suburban nanndi-birniwol suburbs yaasi subways ɗunyoowal suffrage woote cuɓol supply and demand wadda nden tefa supply and demand 4 symbols wadda nden tefa alaamaji 4 Supreme Court Hiitordu Mawndu surplus buutu symbolize daranii symbols alaamaji systems jaharle

T tables alluje tariff ñobdi tax joma taxes jomorɗi teach janngina teacher jannginoowo technological mbaawaaku technologies - exchanges of hokkindirki – mbaawaangu technology mbaawaangu telegraph telegiramwol



ENGLISH FULANI television telabijin tenant farmer demoowo guƴaaɗo themes toɓɓe then/now nden/joni time wakkati time zones geɓe wakkatiire timeline wakkatiire today hannde tolerance muñal tomorrow jaŋŋo tools kuuwirɗe towpath ɗatal ronndooɓe trade luumo traditions aadaaji traffic lights giiteeli ɗate trains jirgiije traitor naafikiijo transmit yottina transportation ado transportation revolution waylaaki ado treaty narral trends jaharɗe tribe leñol tributaries calti Tropic of Capricorn Diggol Fommbina Duuniyaaru Tropic of Cancer Diggol Woyla Duuniyaaru trucks kabiyoŋŋaaji truth goonga tundra ƴoole turning points gaylitorɗi turnpike keelorgal

U unify jogootira unions dente unique feere unite hawta United Nations Kawtal Lesɗe Duuniyaaru United States of America Ameerik unlimited alaa keerol unlimited needs and wants boteeji e giɗaaɗi ɗi ngalaa keerol



ENGLISH FULANI up/down dow/les urban birniwol urbanization birniiku uses of geography bote anndal leydi

V values needi veteran soojaajono veto semmbe village wamngo vote suɓa voting suɓuki

W wampum ceedo wants giɗaaɗi war konu war strategy dabare konu water masses semɓe di’eele weaknesses aybeeji week aseweere Western Hemisphere Dunngal Duuniyaaru Hirnawal westward expansion yaajirki hirna wigwam bukkaaru work kuugal worker kuuwoowo world bank bankiiru duuniyaaru world in spatial terms duuniyaaru nder haala ñayri writings binndi

Y year hitaande yesterday hanki

Social Studies Glossary

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