Social Studies Exam Terminology Key

FINAL EXAM TERMINOLOGY REVIEW

-The time period lasting 1000 years between the 5th century and the 15th centuries

-Points on the opposite sides of the earth.

-The imaginary line around the centre of the earth half way between the North and South poles( called 0 degrees latitude).

-The North and South points at either end of the earth’s axis.

-A tool to find direction used on maps (shows North, South, East and West).

1. Middle Ages

2.antipodes3. equator

4. poles

5.CompassRose

-An imaginary line that goes through the centre of the earth between the North and South poles

– The earth spinning on its axis.

-The movement of one planet around another planet/star e.g. the Earth around the sun

– The path any planet follows around the sun

– Every 4th year that has 366 days to make up for the previous 3 at 365 1/4 days.

6. axis

7. rotation

8. revolution

9. orbit

10. leap year

-Twice a year when the daylight hours equal the night hours.

-Twice a year when either the daylight or nighttime are at their maximum.

-Imaginary lines that run from East to West that are used the show distance from the equator.

-Imaginary lines that run from North to South that are used the show distance from the Prime Meridian.

-An imaginary line of longitude running from the North to the South pole used to judge time and distance.

11 equinox

12. solstice

13. latitude or parallel s

14. longitude or meridians15. Prime

Meridian

- an ancient tool for measuring time using the movement of the sun.

– are the system for keeping time around the world that has each hour the day equal to 15 degrees longitude.

– an imaginary line of longitude that is opposite the Prime Meridian.

– technology that uses information from satellites to find absolute location of people or things.

16. sundial

17. timezones

18. International Dateline

19. Global Positioning System

Way of showing the earth ( a sphere) which is three dimensional as a flat map which is two dimensional.

Any of the seven large land masses.

Land that is surrounded by water.

Apiece of land jutting out into the ocean from the mainland surrounded by water on three sides.

The surface features of the earth such as mountains, hills, plateaus and plains.

20.map projection

21.continent

22. island

23. Peninsula

24. topography

-High rugged landform.- Lower area of land formed by erosion that has elevated land on both sides.- Broad flat or gently rolling area of land.- Broad flat or gently rolling area that is higher (elevated) above its surroundings.- The distance or height above sea level.- A natural channel of water flowing toward a lake or ocean.

25. mountian

26. valley

27. plain

28. plateau

29. elevation

30. river

-Small stream flowing into a river which may flow into a lake or ocean.

- Body of water surrounded by land.

- Formed when the ocean makes a large indent into land forming a semi-circle

- Narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

- Name of a supercontinent that existed of 200 million years ago.

31. tributary

32. lake

33. gulf

34. strait

35. Pangaea

-Remains of plant or animal found in rock.

- Large piece of the Earth’s crust that can be bigger than a continent.

- Split in the Earth caused by tectonic plates pulling away from each other.

- Action of wearing away of the Earth’s surface by air, water and ice

- Relocation of soil and pieces of rock that were worn or carried away by wind, ice, and water.

36. fossil

37. tectonic plate

38. rift

39. erosion

40. deposition

-Small pieces of soil and rock carried by water.

- Triangular shaped deposit of soil and sand at the mouth of a river.

- Gigantic body of ice that is found in mountain and polar regions.

- Study of our world

-Person who describes and analyzes the human and physical characteristics of the world

41. silt

42. delta

43 glacier

44. geography

45. geographer

-The exact location of something on the earth using coordinates of latitude and longitude- The ratio between the real distance and

the distance on a map

-Technology to display and store facts about the physical world

-Study of the natural features of the earth

-Half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth e.g. northern, southern, eastern or western

46. Absolute location

47. scale

48. Geographic Information System (GIS)

49. Physical geography

50. hemisphere

A particular land surface feature, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain

An elevated piece of land

Water flowing by continents which either warm or cool the land based on their temperature.

Outward explosion of the earth’s molten inner core caused by tectonic forces

The day to day temperature and precipitation found anywhere in the world.

51. landforms

52.hills

53. ocean currents

54. volcano

55. weather

Climate located from 30 to 60 degrees latitude North or South of the equator. Winds that blow in a specific pattern around the earth.

When there is a lot of moisture in the air. Water vapor from plants.

Very dry, little or no precipitation

56. Mid-latitude

57. prevailing

58. humid

59. transpiration

60. arid

Permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface.

A large body of air covering a large distance.

Water (in any form) falling to Earth.

Pattern of weather in a particular place measured over at least 30 years.

Climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.

61. permafrost

62. air mass

63. Precipitation

64. climate

65. Low latitude

The name of the cycle of water through land, water and air.

Water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid. An invisible gas created when water evaporates.

Mountain slopes that face away from the prevailing wind.

66. hydrologic

67. condensation

68. water vapor

69. leeward

A circular path a planet like Earth takes around the sun.

The height of any part of the earth above sea level.

Water changes into a vapor or gas.

Climate located from 60 to 90 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.

Area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

70. OrbitRepeat #9

71. altitude

72. evaporation

73. High latitude

74. tropics

Mountain slopes that face the prevailing winds.

The layer of air that surrounds the earth.

The solid mineral material that covers the earth.

All the water on the earth’s surface forms this.

The layer of living things around the surface of the earth.

75. windward

76. atmosphere

77. lithosphere

78. hydrosphere

79. biosphere

This is formed by all four spheres.

The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.

The environment of a community of plants and animals.

Shaking of the earth’s crust caused by tectonic or volcanic action.

An area of land that drains precipitation into streams, rivers, and lakes.

80. Natural environment

81. ecology

82. ecosystem

83. Earth quake

84. Drainage basin

This is formed by the combination of climate, soil, vegetation, and physical characteristics.

A rising air mass that is light and warm.

A cold heavy mass of air that is falling.

Mountains that block prevailing winds.

A region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.

85. Environmental region

86. Low pressure zone

87. High pressure zone

88. Mountain barriers

89. Temperate forest

A region with hot dry summers and warm moist winters usually agricultural with medium population

A region of flat gently rolling land with soil for growing grain found in the interior of a continent experiencing four seasons plus medium population density.

A region with many species of plants and animals,that is very warm, and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.

A region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.

90. Mediterranean forest

91. Temperategrassland

92. Tropical rainforest

93. Taiga or boreal

A region that has long cold winters, permafrost plus low population density.

A region with cold, dry, climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.

A region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grassland plus low population density.

A region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.

94. tundra

95. polar

96. savanna

97. monsoon

A region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.

A view of the world that focuses on the importance of the natural environment instead of human interests.

The number and variety of organisms in a region.

A view of the world where humans are the most important species.

Development that meets our current needs without risking future generations.

98. desert

99. ecocentric

100. biodiversity

101. anthropocentric

102. sustainable

Management of a region to protect it for future generations.

When an ecosystem is returned to its natural state before disturbed by man.

A flat broad river valley that floods regularly.

The natural effect of the atmosphere to retain some energy/ heat from the sun.

Energy/heat from the sun that reaches the earth’s surface.

103. conservation

104 .restoration ecology

105. flood plain

106. natural greenhouse effect

107. radiation

Temperature of the earth created by atmosphere and greenhouse gases (15 degrees Celsius).

Human activities are adding greenhouse gases and causing the global temperature to rise.

Expanding deserts into grasslands because of overgrazing livestock

Human activities creating toxic gases that cause lung diseases

Greenhouse gas that is produced by human respiration and other technologies

108. Average global temperature

109. Global warming

110. desertification

111. Air pollution

112. Carbon dioxide

Dependence on food that is genetically similar.

The natural greenhouse gas produced when plants are broken down by wetlands and animals.

A manmade gas that is created by refrigeration and aerosol cans.

A kind of oxygen in the upper atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.

Industry produces sulfur dioxide which is spread in the atmosphere and causes this problem.

The length of time each year that the temperature is warm enough for plants to grow

113. monoculture

114. methane

115. chlorofluorocarbons

116. ozone

117. acid rain

118. growing season

People and the places they live.

Human geography plus history.

Anything in nature that people need or want.

Changes that happen in a place because of technology and movement.

The world seems smaller because communication technology connects everyone.

119. human geography

120. social studies

121. natural resource

122. globalization

123. global village

How cultures around the world are changing to be more like the west

A person who studies how wealth is produced, consumed and distributed

Study of world populations

A country that is just beginning to industrialize

Countries with a good GDP and Standard of Living are called

How well people live

124. western influence

125. economist

126. demography

127. less developed world developing country

128. more developed world developed country129. standard of living

Wild animals and plants that have been tamed by humans

Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to

A large growth in population in a short time

Small number of people spread out over a large area

Movement of people out of a country

130. domestication

131. per capita GDP

132. exponential (population explosion)

133. sparse population

134. emigration

Tools and ways of doing things

A graph that shows population distribution by age and gender Population stays the same

Number of children that must be born to keep population the same in a country

the sum of the age-specific birth rates

People moving from place to place within a country

135. technology

136. population pyramid

137. zero population growth

138. replacement rate

139. total fertility rate

140. internal migration

Number of deaths per 1000 people

Number of crude births minus number of crude deaths

A person who studies population

Four stages of birth and death rates as countries change from developing to developed

Total value of all the goods and services

141. crude death rate

142. rate of natural increase

143. demographer

144. demographic transition

145. Gross Domestic Product

Person who collects information on who lives in a house or apartment (size of families).

Movement of people into a country

The amount of money needed for basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter

Large number of people living in a small area

The UN creates a ranked list of the development of countries called

146. Census taker

147. immigration

148. Cost of living

149. Dense population

150.Human Development Index (HDI)

Number of babies born per 1000 people

Movement of people around the world

The average number of years a person will live (effected by living conditions in a country

Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to

A large growth in population in a short time

151. Crude birth rate

152. migration

153. Life expectancy

154. GDP per capita repeat155. ExponentialRepeat from 132

More deaths than births

Number of deaths per 1000 people

How many people live in a given area

One country having control of another usually in another part of the world

The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled

156. negative growth rate

157. crude death rate

158. population density

159. colonialism

160. Human Rights