Social Stories Incorporating into Pretend Play. What is a Social Story ? Individualized short stories Individualized short stories Help a child interpret.

Social StoriesSocial Stories

Incorporating Incorporating

Social Stories Social Stories

into into

Pretend PlayPretend Play

What is a Social What is a Social StoryStory ??

Individualized short storiesIndividualized short stories Help a child interpret Help a child interpret

information/situationsinformation/situations Help a child to plan the steps of an activityHelp a child to plan the steps of an activity

BackgroundBackground

Created by Carol Gray in 1991Created by Carol Gray in 1991

Social Stories can be Social Stories can be used with….used with….

Everyone!Everyone!

Most commonly used with Children with Autism.Most commonly used with Children with Autism.

Also beneficial for children with social Also beneficial for children with social disabilities, bilingual students, typically disabilities, bilingual students, typically developing students, students needing PT/OT, developing students, students needing PT/OT, students with a speech delay, children with students with a speech delay, children with ADHD/ADD, children with OCD, adults with ADHD/ADD, children with OCD, adults with autism, etc.autism, etc.

Theory of MindTheory of Mind

Impairment in perspective/social understanding (hard time seeing Impairment in perspective/social understanding (hard time seeing things from any other perspective than their own and difficulty in things from any other perspective than their own and difficulty in certain social situations)certain social situations)

Have difficulty with understanding another person's beliefs, Have difficulty with understanding another person's beliefs, thoughts, point of view. thoughts, point of view.

Difficulty determining the intentions of others and how their Difficulty determining the intentions of others and how their behavior affects othersbehavior affects others

Social situations are unpredictable which can lead to withdrawl and Social situations are unpredictable which can lead to withdrawl and isolation from social situationsisolation from social situations

Also known as mind blindness Also known as mind blindness Simon Baron-Cohen, Alan M. Leslie and Uta Frith, in 1985, published Simon Baron-Cohen, Alan M. Leslie and Uta Frith, in 1985, published

research that suggested that children with autism do not employ a research that suggested that children with autism do not employ a theory of mindtheory of mind

According to Leslie, theory of mind plays a role in the deficits According to Leslie, theory of mind plays a role in the deficits children with autism have with childhood pretend play because it children with autism have with childhood pretend play because it effects their capacity to mentally represent thoughts, beliefs, and effects their capacity to mentally represent thoughts, beliefs, and desires, regardless of whether or not the circumstances involved are desires, regardless of whether or not the circumstances involved are real. real.

BenefitsBenefits

Describes social cuesDescribes social cues Improves social skills and prepares the child/adult for new Improves social skills and prepares the child/adult for new

social situationssocial situations Breaks down a challenging social situation into stepsBreaks down a challenging social situation into steps Helps a child to understand rules and routines and become Helps a child to understand rules and routines and become

familiar with the situationfamiliar with the situation Breaks down a pretend play activity to outline the steps in Breaks down a pretend play activity to outline the steps in

performing the activity through text and picturesperforming the activity through text and pictures Increases appropriate respondingIncreases appropriate responding Increases social understandingIncreases social understanding Provides the child with the self-esteem and confidence to Provides the child with the self-esteem and confidence to

participate in an activity.participate in an activity. Prompts socially appropriate behaviorPrompts socially appropriate behavior Presents information in a clear, concise, and consistent Presents information in a clear, concise, and consistent

manner with accurate and structured information on what manner with accurate and structured information on what is happeningis happening

When To Use Social When To Use Social StoriesStories

The ways in which social stories The ways in which social stories can be used is endless. A can be used is endless. A

creative teacher can use them to creative teacher can use them to teach just about anything.teach just about anything.

Examples Of Social Story Examples Of Social Story TopicsTopics

Brushing teethBrushing teeth Washing handsWashing hands Playing with a friendPlaying with a friend Taking turnsTaking turns Sharing a toySharing a toy Greeting friendsGreeting friends Joining a social activityJoining a social activity Joining a conversationJoining a conversation Pretend Play Pretend Play Playing board gamesPlaying board games Preparing for a sleepoverPreparing for a sleepover Going to the supermarketGoing to the supermarket Preparing for a tripPreparing for a trip Going on an airplaneGoing on an airplane Taking a busTaking a bus Expressing frustrationExpressing frustration Asking for a breakAsking for a break Using the bathroomUsing the bathroom Going to the doctorGoing to the doctor Playing with a siblingPlaying with a sibling What to do when someone pushes youWhat to do when someone pushes you Eye contactEye contact waiting my turnwaiting my turn InterruptingInterrupting Figures of speechFigures of speech Asking questionsAsking questions Calling outCalling out Voice controlVoice control RespectRespect

Putting away laundryPutting away laundry Making a sandwichMaking a sandwich Going to a birthday partyGoing to a birthday party Getting your periodGetting your period Getting dressedGetting dressed DatingDating Going to the moviesGoing to the movies Sitting appropriatelySitting appropriately Playing soccer (or another sport)Playing soccer (or another sport) Being politeBeing polite MannersManners Doing homeworkDoing homework Understanding emotionsUnderstanding emotions Saying sorrySaying sorry Keeping hands to yourselfKeeping hands to yourself Walking appropriatelyWalking appropriately Eating at the tableEating at the table Watching TVWatching TV Standing too closeStanding too close Using deodorantUsing deodorant Tying shoesTying shoes Cleaning my roomCleaning my room Picking my nosePicking my nose Brushing my teethBrushing my teeth Taking a bathTaking a bath Getting a haircutGetting a haircut Saying I Love youSaying I Love you LyingLying

Types of Social StoriesTypes of Social Stories

BooksBooks

Read the story and discuss/act outRead the story and discuss/act out

InteractiveInteractive

Perform actions and complete Perform actions and complete certain tasks in the story, while certain tasks in the story, while reading, in order to learn a skillreading, in order to learn a skill

Creating Social StoriesCreating Social Stories

Decide your audience/type of learnerDecide your audience/type of learner

What Skill(s) would you like to addressWhat Skill(s) would you like to address

What Sentence structure do you want to What Sentence structure do you want to useuse

How will you evaluate its How will you evaluate its effectiveness/fade it outeffectiveness/fade it out

Sentence Sentence Structure/FormatStructure/Format

Simple languageSimple language

Simple and consistent picturesSimple and consistent pictures

1 step per page1 step per page

Sentence StructureSentence Structure

Descriptive SentencesDescriptive Sentences objective, most objective, most frequently used (WHAT) frequently used (WHAT)

Perspective sentencesPerspective sentences statements that statements that describe something from someone else's describe something from someone else's viewpoint (WHY)viewpoint (WHY)

Cooperative sentencesCooperative sentences describe how another describe how another person will help the studentperson will help the student

Directive sentencesDirective sentences help the reader to identify help the reader to identify a suggested/appropriate response or choice in a a suggested/appropriate response or choice in a particular situation (PROMPTS THE BEHAVIOR)particular situation (PROMPTS THE BEHAVIOR)

Affirmative sentencesAffirmative sentences express a commonly express a commonly shared opinionshared opinion

Control sentencesControl sentences are statements written by are statements written by the student to identify personal strategies for the student to identify personal strategies for handling a situationhandling a situation

Fading outFading out

It is important to fade out a social story It is important to fade out a social story gradually as the child becomes gradually as the child becomes knowledgeable in the skill area knowledgeable in the skill area

Decreases prompt dependency Decreases prompt dependency

In addition the social story should be used In addition the social story should be used across many situations/people in order for across many situations/people in order for the child to generalize the skills taught in the the child to generalize the skills taught in the story to other people/situationsstory to other people/situations

I Love to Pretend!I Love to Pretend! Social Stories Social Stories

By Ellen Viola Thalhamer IIIBy Ellen Viola Thalhamer III

About the books:About the books:

““I’m a Daddy” and “Let’s Play Doctor” are social I’m a Daddy” and “Let’s Play Doctor” are social story books that were created in order to teach story books that were created in order to teach children with autism how to pretend play. For children with autism how to pretend play. For children who are learning to pretend play and children who are learning to pretend play and socially interact with their peers, these books socially interact with their peers, these books will be helpful in guiding them through the will be helpful in guiding them through the motions of pretending to be a daddy or a doctor. motions of pretending to be a daddy or a doctor. For those parents/teachers who focus on For those parents/teachers who focus on generalization, and receptive and expressive generalization, and receptive and expressive language, real life pictures associated with the language, real life pictures associated with the stories have been added to the back of the stories have been added to the back of the books.books.

Book Information:Book Information:

Website: Website: www.ILovetoPretend.comwww.ILovetoPretend.com

Email: Email: [email protected]@hotmail.com

ReferencesReferences

Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U (1985). Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U (1985). "Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'?""Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'?" (PDF). (PDF). CognitionCognition 2121 (1): 37–46. (1): 37–46. doidoi::10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-810.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 . PMID 2934210. . PMID 2934210. http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~aleslie/Baron-Cohen%20Leslie%20&%20Frithhttp://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~aleslie/Baron-Cohen%20Leslie%20&%20Frith%201985.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-16. %201985.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-16.

Leslie, A. M. (1991). Theory of mind impairment in autism. In A. Whiten, Ed., Leslie, A. M. (1991). Theory of mind impairment in autism. In A. Whiten, Ed., Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mind reading.mind reading. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

Thalhamer III, Ellen Viola. Thalhamer III, Ellen Viola. I Love to Pretend! I’m a Daddy.I Love to Pretend! I’m a Daddy. Bloomington, Indiana: Bloomington, Indiana: Author House, 2010. Author House, 2010.

Thalhamer III, Ellen Viola. Thalhamer III, Ellen Viola. I Love to Pretend! Let’s Play Doctor.I Love to Pretend! Let’s Play Doctor. Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana: Author House, 2010.Indiana: Author House, 2010.

The Gray Center. (unknown). The Gray Center. (unknown). Carol Gray.Carol Gray. Retrieved October 12, 2010, from The Retrieved October 12, 2010, from The Gray Center for Social Learning and Understanding: Gray Center for Social Learning and Understanding: http://thegraycenter.org/ssocial-stories/carol-grayhttp://thegraycenter.org/ssocial-stories/carol-gray

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2010, September 27). Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2010, September 27). Social Stories.Social Stories. Retrieved Retrieved October 12, 2010, from Wikipedia The free Encyclopedia: October 12, 2010, from Wikipedia The free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social_studies

Wallin, Jason. (2004). Wallin, Jason. (2004). Social Studies.Social Studies. Retrieved October 12, 2010, from Retrieved October 12, 2010, from Polyxo.com Teaching Children with Autism: Polyxo.com Teaching Children with Autism: http://www.polyxo.com/socialstories/http://www.polyxo.com/socialstories/