Social Safeguard Monitoring Report Project No. 38357-013 Period Covering January to June 2015 September 2015 Sri Lanka: National Highway Sector Project – Additional Financing Prepared by the Road Development Authority, Ministry of Highways and Investment Promotion for the Asian Development Bank. This Social Safeguard Monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area
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Social Safeguard Monitoring Report Project No. 38357-013 Period Covering January to June 2015 September 2015
Sri Lanka: National Highway Sector Project –
Additional Financing
Prepared by the Road Development Authority, Ministry of Highways and Investment Promotion for the Asian Development Bank. This Social Safeguard Monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area
Road density in Sri Lanka is higher than that in many developing countries. However, road
network standards and conditions are inadequate to meet the rapidly growing freight and
passenger traffic. This situation limits the contribution of roads to national development, economic growth, and poverty reduction. To ensure sustainable and regionally balanced
economic growth within the country, the existing road infrastructure must be improved and
upgraded.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has supported the reform program and finances the
improvements & upgrading of national highways (NHs). On 15 December 2005, ADB Board
of Directors approved a loan of $150 million from its ordinary capital resources to help
finance the National Highways Sector Project. The Project is the first sector loan in Sri Lanka. The Loan was signed in Colombo on 14 December 2006 and became effective on 20
February 2007.
A major change of project scope was approved on 9 November 2010 to meet the highway-
upgrading cost increase and included (i) cancelling the component to finance land
acquisition and resettlement along Colombo links and (ii) reducing the pilot performance-
based maintenance component to 300 km from the 1,500 km originally envisaged.
With a minor scope change in February 2011, the road improvement component under the
original loan consists of a total of 238 km national highway sections as shown in table below,
and performance-based maintenance support for 108 km of national highway, which component was completed by the end of December 2012.
A012: Puttalam Nochchiyagama to Anuradahapura 50.0
31.08.2012 A012: Sevice and Villu road 19.1
Additional 3 small sections 13.0
ICB02 A026: Udatenna Mahiyangana 41.0 29.02.2012
ICB03 A005: Nuwara Eliya Badulla 57.5 31.07.2012
ICB04 A006: Habarana Kanthale 43.5 28.08.2010
ICB05 A004: Nugegoda Homagama 13.5 26.02.2013
Total 237.6 -
On 4 October 2010, the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) agreed to provide
a US$8 million loan and ADB agreed to administer the loan as co-financing under the
project. This was targeted to upgrade about a 14 km section of a Colombo link from
Nugegoda to Homagama (A004) to improve the linkage from Colombo to the Southern
Highway.
2
TThhee FFiirrsstt AAddddiittiioonnaall FFiinnaanncciinngg PPrroojjeecctt -- of US$85 million from ADB’s ordinary capital
resources for the NHSP’s original loan was approved on 5 August 2011, signed on 14
December 2011, and became effective on 23 February 2012. The first additional financing includes rehabilitating and upgrading an additional 62 km of national highways.
IIII.. IIMMPPAACCTT AANNDD OOUUTTCCOOMMEE
The main impact of the additional financing loan is sustainable and regionally balanced
economic growth contributing to reduction of poverty. The outcome is improved accessibility
and connecting through an upgraded and maintained national highway that lowers transport
cost and travel time.
The project will contribute significantly to the urban/semi-urban/rural communities who have been suffering from unbearable traffic congestion created by bad and narrow condition of
roads with lack of road behavioral pattern and accident prone traffic environment. The six
road roads have been made a links with southern expressway and the main cities in western
and southern provinces.
The interviews revealed that men and women like poor employees in beneficiary area could
reach their work place early after the proposed road development. They will have more time
to engage with extra earnings or spend time with family members. Inhabitants are certainly ready to increase their mobility. In this context, improved road will contribute and motivate
these people to convert their impoverished houses in to semi-permanent or permanent
conditions; pit latrines to sanitary toilets; access to safe drinking water sources and
electricity. The cost of land will be increased rapidly with the development, and resulting economic surplus through high cost of land will be invested in economic ventures generating
accelerated economic growth.
It is anticipated to achieve 10% increase of traffic volume, 25% reduction in travel time, 15%
reduction in maintenance cost per Km, reduction of staff per Km and 15% reduction in
vehicle operating cost. Other than that, the project will contribute to increase the usage of
southern expressway and it may effect to development of the tourism.
IIIIII.. OOUUTTPPUUTTSS
The National Highways Sector Project(NHSP) first additional financing has been improved
about 49.4 kilometers of National highways comprising 31.60 km in the Western Province and 17.80 km in Southern Province. The benefit of the road development project is gone to
western and southern provinces.
The main output of the project is rehabilitation and upgrading of six road section and these
selected roads about 49.4 Km is shown in table of selected road sections of first additional
The Project will contribute to the improvement of the overall performance of the road sector by improving transport efficiency and widening access to economic opportunities. The
beneficiaries will be people, companies, and government and nongovernment agencies in
Sri Lanka that use road transport services directly and indirectly. Communities served by the
project roads will benefit from improved, lower cost, and faster transport services, and thereby obtain improved access to economic opportunities and social services. Transport
operators carrying both passengers and freight will benefit from improved roads in terms of
lower vehicle operating cost, time savings, improved road safety, and thereby, increase
productivity.
Government and nongovernment agencies served by the project roads will improve their
service delivery due to improved transport efficiency. The main quantifiable benefits of the
highways improvement will be savings in transport operating costs.
VV.. RRIISSKKSS AANNDD AASSSSUUMMPPTTIIOONNSS
The benefits and positive impacts of the Project will materialize, assuming that complementary external assistance and the Government’s commitment in developing the
national road network and economic infrastructure will continue. The major risks for the
Project are (i) risk of flooding and the avoidance of further property acquisition; (ii)
inadequate post project road maintenance; and (iii) delays in land acquisition and resettlement due to inadequate counterpart funding. The risks have been mitigated in (i) the
provision of additional cross drainage in these areas was also compromised by the limited
availability of suitable lead-away possibilities, (ii) the establishment of a dedicated road
maintenance trust fund, and (iii) government commitment to include the Project in its core projects starting in FY2006 to ensure that budget allocations for it will be provided and
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sustained. The Project will also finance land acquisition and resettlement expenditures of the
The six sub projects have been classified as category A with respect to the Safeguard Policy
Statement, 2009. There are six separate resettlement plans have been prepared for all the sub projects to mitigate and address the resettlement impacts of sub projects and associated
losses. The resettlement plans have been prepared based on the Government’s Land
Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1950, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and National
Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) 2001.
The Economic and social assessment found no indigenous people residing in the project
influence area or affected by the project. Most project communities are Singhalese, the rest
being majority Muslim or Tamil. The project will support the equal treatment of all groups,
particularly when land acquisition is required for road widening.
Men and women engaged in construction during subproject implementation will be paid equally for equal work, which will be monitored by construction supervision consultants.
Although the proposed additional financing will not directly empower women, it will provide
opportunities to ensure benefits to women through improved public transport services and
better access to education, health care, markets, etc.
The project has been introduced Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) associated with
ADB’s safeguard policy. The GRM is support genuine claimants to resolve their problems
through mutual understanding and consensus reaching process with relevant parties.
The monitoring process of the social safeguards compliance of the project is entrusted to Project Management Unit and Environmental & Social Management Unit of RDA. This semi
Annual report is prepared by Project Management Unit to present the situation of social
safeguard of the project and the monitoring results to ADB.
VVIIIIII.. MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY
Conduct of Socio-Economic Surveys and Preparation of Resettlement Plans for the A024,
B153, B157, B207, B084 and A004 Highways under ADB Loan 2767-SRI. Socio economic
surveys were conducted for the above highways to ascertain the degree of socio-economic impact on the affected population as a result of acquisition of properties for the improvement
and widening of the relevant highways
Methodology Adopted
Two sets of questionnaires were used to gather information
Land Acquisition (Census) Questionnaire
Socio Economic Questionnaire
5
While total affected population was subjected to the land acquisition survey, a sample of
20% was surveyed to collect information on social issues.
During the land acquisition surveys the data was collected on all assets to be lost including
plants and trees. Socio economic survey was conducted to gather information on house hold
income and expenditure patterns, health status, indebted nests, communication networks, community participation, health parameters, gender issues and migration patterns.
Two local universities were hired to conduct the surveys assisted by the Resettlement
Assistants and supervised by the Resettlement Consultant attached to the project. Data was analyzed electronically by the two universities and the Environmental and Social Division of
the RDA, and required information for the preparation of resettlement plans were generated.
Resettlement plans were prepared and updated by the Resettlement Consultant hired by the
PMU and Resettlement Experts hired by the PMU, with some inputs at the later stage from External Consultants employed by the ADB which have been already dealt by the
consultants hired by the PMU. The resettlement plans were reviewed by the ESD before
In keeping with the national policy of minimizing impact on the affected and the social
safeguard policies of the ADB where it categorically states that where possible acquisition should be avoided, action was taken by the PMU to revise the design of the highways
without compromising the utility value of the highways to realize the intended purposes for
which the project had been conceived. The strategies adopted were to reduce the platform
width of the highways where buildings are located in order to avoid demolition of parts of buildings .and in certain instances to avoid buildings completely by adjusting the center lines
towards the land owned by state organizations. The final land surveys are at the completion
stage to accommodate the subsequent changes made to the design. This measure has
resulted in the number of affected coming down drastically.
TTaabbllee 11..33 tthhee IImmppaacctt rreedduuccttiioonn aaccttiivviittiieess of Pamankada-Horana section of Pamankada –
Kesbewa road (B084).
PP Lot Description of existing
structure and Impact Description of reduced impact
9259 54
Two story building. First floor slab and column to be affected
Design has been changed to preserve the column and slab. Then the above property is now situated within the service corridor
9259 73 Two story commercial building. Front columns to be affected
Centre line has been changed to preserve the building
9259 253 Two story building. One column and staircase to be removed
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the building and staircase
9259 336 Three story building. One column to be removed
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the column of this building
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9257 173 Underground cable to be affected /removed at Boralesgamuwa
Centre line of the road has been changed to protect the cable
9257 205 A house. Slab and front wall to be removed
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the wall and slab
9257 240 Two story commercial building. Main structure to be affected
Service corridor has been reduced and protect the building
1258 4 Two story commercial building. Main structure to be removed
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the building
9358 289 Three story building. Main structure to be affected
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the building
9260 46 Single story commercial building. One column to be removed.
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the building
9260 260 Two story building. One column and wall to be demolished
Centre line of the road has been changed to preserve the building and wall
In order to ensure easy access to the affected on services and information field offices had been established in each of the roads manned by resettlement staff they will interact with the
affected and maintain a continuous dialogue with them.
Road Development Authority being the execution agency for road development has
administrative responsibility for implementation of the project under general supervision of
the Ministry of Ports and Highways (MoPH). MoPH has established Project Management
Units (PMU) for execution of special projects due to their importance, priority, magnitude of investment and external collaboration etc. PMUs have to accomplish a time-bound
programme through a planned set of interventions agreed upon by concerned authorities.
PMUs work under the general supervision of RDA, but have direct linkages and access to
MoPH to expedite their work. Thus, PMU is the focal institution responsible for RP’s implementation at operational level. PMUs have been strengthened with certain degree of
financial autonomy and administrative flexibility subject to the guidance and supervision
of the Ministry of Ports and Highways and directives of the General Treasury.
Opening of a new road or improving and widening existing roads involve
accomplishments of several legal and social requirements in addition to their construction
related work. In this regard, several agencies have direct involvements with these activities
and early identification of them has several advantages for project implementation. Following are the key state agencies that will have direct involvement with resettlement interventions;
• Ministry of Ports and Highways
• Ministry of Land and Land Development
• Divisional Secretary and his staff including Grama Niladaris
• Survey Department
• Valuation Department
• Government Printer
• Central Environmental Authority
• Urban Councils
• Ceylon Electricity Board
• Water Supply and Drainage Board
• Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd.
Contractors and consultants employed by the PMU, Community Based Organizations of DPs, NGOs and other civic organizations also play a significant role in the implementation
process of the road project.
i. Project Management Unit
The Project Management Unit is headed by Project Director, whose staff consisted of
engineers, technical officers, consultants, land acquisition & resettlement staff and the
administrative staff.
ii. PMU performs following major activities;
Conduct awareness meetings with stake holders to disseminate information in respect of the
project and make continuous efforts to update information with necessary feedback and
support two-way communication regarding information collection and dissemination
• Distribute informative bulletins to ensure transparency
• Conduct Land Acquisition and Resettlement (LARS) and Social and Economic (SES)
surveys to collect necessary data for resettlement planning
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• Coordinate and assist the land acquisition process with the DS, Survey and Valuation
departments and other relevant government agencies and DPs
• Prepare Resettlement Plans and implement them with the aim of restoring/improving the
lives of the Displaced Persons at least to the pre project level.
• Support execution of reasonable compensation package to realize the objectives of the
NIRP.
• Assist/ and coordinate with relevant agencies to restore/improve the income of the DPs
• Coordinate with the community based organizations to assist the DPs in resettlement
activities.
• Identify resettlement sites in consultation with the DPs and host communities when
necessary
• Assist DPs on resettlement in new sites selected jointly
• Expedite the payment of compensation by assisting the DS and the DPs
• Coordinate/monitor the activities of GRCs.
• Assist vulnerable; including women and poor.
• Monitor the resettlement plan with identifiable indicators.
• Develop a plan to address gender concerns.
• Implement the construction programme through contractors and supervision consultants.
• Monitor the construction programme.
• Prepare/submit required periodic reports to the relevant state agencies and ADB.
• Ensure flow of funds to maintain a healthy cash flow
• Maintain MIS for the project with networking to MoPH and RDA
iii. ESD & Land Division
ESD & Land Division are the focal divisions of RDA for safeguard compliances. ESD assists
PMU in conducting the Land Acquisition and Resettlement and Social and Economic
surveys including training of survey enumerators and data analysts. Reviewing of RPs is a
major function of ESD before they are submitted to the external authorities, including ADB.
ADB has assisted to establish and improve ESD with its technical assistance support in
2006/2007.
iv. Divisional Secretariat
Divisional Secretary is responsible for civil administration of the division and hence land
acquisition comes under his/her purview within the division. He/ She have coordinating
responsibilities of all development work, in addition to planning and implementation of its own development projects/ programmes in the division. DS is empowered with statutory
provisions to acquire land and vest them with the agencies that required land under LAA.
Similarly, before commencement of construction, RDA has to wait till DS vest land in RDA
after going through LAA process. Although, formally all land acquisition work has to be done
by the DS office, now for acceleration of the process, PMU assists DS for various activities
of the acquisition, including arranging meetings with DPs and other stakeholders, preparation of paper work and gazette announcements for DS signature, and distribution of
DS office notices to public. DSs are happy with this arrangement as it helps him to overcome
DS office resource constraints with regard to land acquisition.
v. Field Office of the PMU
A field office will be established to facilitate the land acquisition and resettlement inclusive of
income restoration activity. This office will be located within the project area. A Resettlement Assistant will be stationed at this office with supportive staff to attend to the problems of DPs
and take necessary actions to solve them under the guidance of Project Director/ NHSP. It
9
will help DPs to have better solutions by way of coordinating DPs and relevant authorities
that are functioning in the areas where DPs need attention. Especially, this field office will be
an attractive resource center for DPs who need income restoration support. It will be equipped with information required for various types of livelihood development
opportunities and post product situations, including marketing. This office will help DPs to
identify feasible income generating ventures and implement them successfully with the
support of PMU.
vi. Disclosure and Public Consultation
Twelve public meetings were conducted among the primary stake holders to disseminate
information in respect of the above projects in addition to 28 meetings conducted with the
affected people of other 07 projects which are implementing under the National Highways
Sector Project Additional Finance to engage in a continuous dialogue with the affected and
interested people. The continuous telephone message which we receive daily from the
public on the status of the roads where land acquisition has been temporarily suspended is
an indication of the impact of consultations meetings PMU had with them. Sinhala version of
the entitlement matrix and the information flyer in both Tamil and Sinhala languages were distributed among the affected people.
In addition that, the consultation has been continuing in different stages of the land
acquisition process. The land acquisition process has different gazette notification like Section 02, Section 38(a) and Section 7. Those gazette notification has been distributed
among the displaced persons. Moreover, the Resettlement Assistants are appointed by the
project to each and every sub project. Those officers always work with displaced persons to
solve their problems and assisted to DP’s livelihood restoration.
vii. Grievance Redress Mechanism
Grievance Redress Committees were established at each sub project to attend to the socio
and environmental impacts that may be experienced by the affected during the construction
period. Workshops have been conducted to apprise the GRC members on their role and
systems and procedures to follow. An instruction manual was distributed among the GRC members to facilitate their activities. Resettlement Assistant attached to relevant DS division
will function as the Secretary of the GRC. The following table shows present status of the
GRC meetings of the project.
Table 2.1 A summary of held GRC meetings
Package name
Project Name Divisional Secretariat
No of GRC meetings
Number of complains
considered solved pending
CP1
Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Matara – Akuressa Road (A024)
Matara Four Gravets
3 8 8
CP2
Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Hikkaduawa - Baddegama Road (B153)
Hikkaduwa
Not held Not
received - -
Gonapinuwala
To be held on
28 07 2015 2
Baddegama To be held
on 29 07 2015
4
CP3 Rehabilitation and Upgrading
Mathugama
2 2 2
10
of Lewwanduwa – Aluthgama Road (B157)
Beruwala 3 60 54 6
CP4
Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nagoda – Katukurunda Road (B207)
Kaluthara 2 11 11 -
CP7
Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pamankada - Kesbewa Road (A084)
Thibirigasyaya Construction work not started yet Dehiwala Not received
The project road, Hikkaduwa-Baddegama-Nihena road (B 153) runs through agricultural and
semi-urbanized areas, hence the influence area is reasonably rich in human settlements and
commercial establishments. As per the information available with the preliminary plans
prepared by the Dept. of Survey for this road section, 1202 lots2 have to be acquired. The total area extent of 1202 lots is 3864.3 perches; consisting of private individuals owned 1041
lots with 3176.2 perches, commonly owned 24 lots with 132.4 perches and government
agencies owned 137 lots with 555.7 perches.
This entire land extent of this road section is located within Hikkaduwa, Gonapinuwela and
Baddegama DS divisions of Galle district.
Table.3. 5 Distribution of affected land lots among DSDs
The impacts of acquiring private lands have far more effect on DPs compared to acquiring
public/ common property land. Thus the RP made special focus on private lands affected by
the acquisition in view of taking appropriate measures to mitigate negative impacts falling on
private individuals.
Table 3.6 Number of households and lots acquired disaggregated by type of use - Private lands
Type of use No. of
Lots %
No. of
DHs %
Affected
Area
(perches)
%
Hikkaduwa
Residential 80 7.6 78 8.2 172.7 5.4
12
Commercial 94 9.0 91 9.6 183.9 5.7
Agricultural 10 0.9 10 1.0 38.7 1.2
Non Agricultural 45 4.3 42 4.4 154.1 4.8
Access Roads 1 0.09 1 0.1 0.2 0.0
Sub Total 230 21.89 222 23.3 549.6 17.3
Gonapinuwala
Residential 129 12.3 126 13.3 312.8 9.8
Commercial 203 19.5 181 19.1 464.5 14.6
Agricultural 43 4.1 39 4.1 224 7.0
Non Agricultural 59 5.6 53 5.6 229.1 7.2
Access Roads 1 0.0 1 0.1 0.47 0.01
Sub Total 435 41.5 400 42.2 1230.8 38.6
Baddegama
Residential 196 18.8 164 17.3 641.4 20.1
Commercial 104 9.9 93 9.8 440.6 13.8
Agricultural 52 4.9 45 4.7 277.3 8.7
Non Agricultural 24 2.3 21 2.2 36.5 1.1
Access Roads 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sub Total 376 35.9 323 34.0 1395.7 43.7
Grand Total 1041 100 945 100 3176.2 100
Source: Field Survey September, 2011 (RP updation)
A majority of land lots to be acquired are commercial and residential properties amounting to
around 77.4 percent of the land lots and 70 percent in area extent under private ownership.
The resettlement implications with these land lots are that their values are high and mostly owned by economically and socially better off group of people whose expectations and
aspirations are also high with regard to restoration of their lives. The next highest land use is
seen with non-agriculture activities with the use of 12.2% of lots with an extent of 13.2% of
lands in extent to be acquired, amounting to 419.7 perches. The non- agriculture lots cover an area without a house or any other structure, but may have trees or bare land portions
without generating any income. In a sense, they are potential land lots for future residential
and commercial uses. As land use for agriculture purposes are not very prominent along
public roads running through human settlements, only 9.9% of land lots are recorded being used for agricultural purposes with 16.9% of the total land extent, representing 540 perches.
Table 3.7 Summary of Land Acquisition/Resettlement Impacts
Impact Extent
Affected Unit No of DHs
Permanent loss of private Residential/Commercial land
10% or less of land affected 349.4
Perch
330
11-50% of land affected 659.3 240
50% -100%of land affected 691.1 128
100% of land affected 516.1 39
Permanent loss of Agricultural/Non Agricultural land
The above table shows that there are 39 DHs, owing 516.1 perches have 100 % impact
while 128 DHs, owing 691.1 perches have fallen between 50% -100% impact levels with regard to loss of residential or commercial land. In altogether, 407 DHs (43% of DHs), owing
1886.5 perches are facing with more than 10% impact level and only 330 DHs, owing 349.4
perches have impact less than 10%. The land area related to more than 10% impact level
accounts for 58.7% of the total extent of 3176.2 perches belong to private individuals; requiring adequate interventions to mitigate adverse effects falling on DHs.
Present status of land acquisition
The land acquisition for the sub project started sending the acquisition application to Ministry
of Land and Land Development on 10th of October 2007. The land acquisition process has
been preceded up to Section 9. Now Section 9 inquiry and LARC meetings are is in progress. Payment of compensation is also ongoing. Summary of the Land Acquisition
process of Hikkaduwa – Baddgegama - Nilhena Road is given below.
Table 3.8 Summary of present Land Acquisition progress of CP 02
Road Name Chainage Total
Length
No. of
Total
Lots
No of Gov.
Lots
No. of
HHs
Compe
nsation
Paid
14
Lots
Rehabilitation and
Upgrading of
Hikkaduawa -
Baddegama Road
(B153)
0+000 –
14+340 Km
14.340
Km 1219 121 945 1092
Figure: 3.1 The preserved properties that are situated within the ROW of CP 02
The preserved school building at Nayapamula, in Hikkaduwa close to the Southern Expressway
The project road section of, Horana-Anguruwatota-Aluthgama road (B 157) runs through a
semi-urban and agricultural area, and hence the influence area is reasonably rich in
human settlements and commercial establishments. As per the information available with the ATs and PPS prepared by the Dept. of Survey for this road, portions of land within 632 lots
have to be acquired. The total area extent of 632 lots is 3026.0 perches. The entire land
extent of this road section is located within Beruwala and Mathugama DS divisions of
Kalutara district.
Table 3.9 Distribution of affected land lots among DSDs
District DSD No. of Affected
Lots
Affected Area
( perches)
Kalutara Beruwala 282 789.6
Mathugama 350 2236.4
Total 632 3026.0
Source: ATs and PPs prepared on the request of respective acquisition officers by the Dept. of Survey (2011)
The impacts of acquiring private lands have far more effect on DPs compared to acquiring public/ common property land. Thus the RP made special focus on private lands affected by
the acquisition in view of taking appropriate measures to mitigate negative impacts falling on
private individuals.
Table 3.10 Number of households and lots acquired disaggregated by type of use - Private lands
Type of use No. of
Lots %
No. of
DHs %
Affected
Area
(perches)
%
Beruwala
Residential 131 21.37 122 22.34 318.6 10.86
Commercial 101 16.48 94 17.22 237.2 8.09
Agricultural 24 3.92 16 2.93 115.9 3.95
Non Agricultural 15 2.45 15 2.75 68 2.32
Access Roads 3 0.49 3 0.55 5.4 0.18
Sub Total 274 44.70 250 45.79 745.1 25.41
Mathugama
Residential 183 29.85 154 28.21 801 27.31
Commercial 86 14.03 81 14.84 345.3 11.77
Agricultural 42 6.85 33 6.04 457.6 15.60
Non Agricultural 27 4.40 27 4.95 581.8 19.84
Access Roads 1 0.16 1 0.18 1.8 0.06
Sub Total 339 55.30 296 54.21 2187.5 74.59
16
Type of use No. of
Lots %
No. of
DHs %
Affected
Area
(perches)
%
Grand Total 613 100 546 100 2932.6 100
Source: ATs and PPs prepared on the request of respective acquisition officers by the Dept. of Survey (2011)
A majority of land lots to be acquired are commercial and residential properties amounting to
around 81.73 percent of the land lots and 60 percent in area extent under private ownership. The resettlement implications with these land lots are that their values are high and mostly
owned by economically and socially wealthier group of people whose expectations and
aspirations are also high with regard to restoration of their lives. The next highest land use is
seen with agriculture activities with the use of 10.77% of lots with an extent of 19.55% of lands in extent to be acquired, amounting to 573.5 perches. The agricultural lands are mainly
paddy and rubber. The land use for non-agriculture is not very prominent along this road as
its only 6.85% with 22.16% of the total land extent, representing 649.8 perches. The non-
agriculture lots cover an area without a house or any other structure, but may have trees or bare land portions without generating any income. In a sense, they are potential
land lots for future residential and commercial uses.
Table 3.11 Summary of Land Acquisition/Resettlement Impacts
Impact Extent
Affected Unit No of DHs
Permanent loss of private Residential/Commercial land
10% or less of land affected 303
Perch
300
11-50% of land affected 267.8 113
50% -99%of land affected 316.3 80
100% of land affected 815 20
Permanent loss of Agricultural/Non Agricultural/Access Road land
10% or less of land affected 109.6
Perch
20
11-50% of land affected 289.7 18
50% -99%of land affected 321 28
100% of land affected 510 11
Loss of Structures
Shops 80
No of
Structures
67
Houses 69 6
Shop Houses 39 36
Other secondary structures
(Parapet walls, toilets, tombs, wells,
huts…etc.)
117 71
Relocation
17
Impact Extent
Affected Unit No of DHs
Shops 3 No of
Structures
3
Houses 1 1
Shop Houses 0 0
Permanent loss of Livelihood
Owners of displaced shops 11 Persons
11
Workers from displaced shops 37 37
Loss of crops/trees 3028 Trees/crop plants 188
Loss of rental accommodation 44 Persons 44
Source: Field Survey January, 2012 (RP updation)
The above table shows that there are 20 DHs, owing 815 perches have 100 % impact while
80 DHs, owing 316.3 perches have fallen between 50% -99% impact levels with regard to
loss of residential or commercial land. Altogether, 2013 DHs owing 1399.0 perches are facing with more than 10% impact level and only 300 DHs, owing 303 perches have impact
less than 10%. The land area related to more than 10% impact level accounts for 37.03%
of the total extent of 1120.7 perches belongs to private individuals.
Present status of land acquisition
The land acquisition for the sub project started sending the acquisition application to Ministry
of Land and Land Development on 03rd of October 2007. The land acquisition process has
been preceded up to Section 9. Now Section 9 inquiry and LARC meetings are is in progress. Payment of compensation is also ongoing. Summary of the Land Acquisition
process of Aluthgama – Southern Expressway Road is given below.
Table 3.12 Summary of the present Land Acquisition
Road Name Chainage Total
Length
No. of
Total Lots
No of Gov.
Lots
No. of
HHs
Compens
ation
Paid Lots
Rehabilitation
and Upgrading
of Aluthgama
Southern
Expressway
Road (B157)
42+100 – 53+680 Km
11.580 Km
692 66 486 623
18
Figure: 3:2 the re-constructed properties that are situated within the ROW in CP 03
The Telecom cabinets are improved and located Wall, Pedestrian foot path and Yellow crossings
properly are provided for Sangamitta School at Aluthgama
The community canal has been rehabilitated to Access roads /drainages have been rehabilitated
aim of flood controlling along the road at and upgraded along the road
New construction took place after the road Access roads have been rehabilitated
Kirulapona – Homagama section of A 004 road runs through a densly populated and
urbanized area, and hence the influence area of the project is rich in housing stock and
commercial establishments. Considering the impact to the society (economic and social
impacts) and the urgency of developing the road section, the designs were completed in such a way that four operational lanes could be accommodated within the available Right of
Way (ROW).
This road section is located within the DS divisions of Timbirigasyaya, Dehiwala, Kotte, Maharagama and Homagama. Although land acquisition was not required few impacts to the
public occurred during construction. These issues were resolved through GRC.
The project road, i.e the section from Pamankada to Kesbewa of Colombo-Horana (B 084) road runs through densely populated urban and semi urban areas, and hence the influence
area is reasonably rich in human settlements and commercial establishments. As per the
information available with the ATS and PPs prepared by the Dept. of Survey for this road
section, 1532 lots have to be acquired. The total area extent of 1532 lots is 7337.4 perches; consisting of private individuals owned 1404 lots with 6822.3 perches, corporately owned 27
lots with 99.2 perches, commonly owned 24 lots with 132.5 perches and government
agencies owned 77 lots with 283.5 perches.
This entire land extent of this road section is located within Thimbirigasyaya, Dehiwala and
Kesbewa DS divisions of Colombo district.
Table 3.17 Distribution of affected land lots among DSDs
District DSD No. of Affected
Lots
Affected Area
( perches)
Colombo
Thimbirigasyaya 90 278.5
Dehiwala 341 875.4
Kesbewa 1101 6183.6
Total 1532 7337.5
Source: Advance Tracing/Preliminary Plans prepared on the request of respective acquisition officers by The Dept. of Survey (2011)
The impacts of acquiring private lands have far more effect on DPs compared to acquiring
public/ common property land. Thus the RP made special focus on private lands affected by
the acquisition in view of taking appropriate measures to mitigate negative impacts falling on private individuals. Thus table below is gives the distribution of private lands on different
uses.
Table 3.18 Number of households and lots acquired disaggregated by type of use - Private owned
lands
Type of use No. of
Lots %
No. of
DHs %
Affected
Area
(perches)
%
Thibirigasyaya
Residential 24 1.7 23 1.8 107.3 1.6
Commercial 49 3.5 46 3.4 124.8 1.8
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0 0
Access Roads 10 0.7 10 0.7 10.6 0.1
Sub Total 83 5.9 79 5.9 242.7 3.5
Dehiwala
Residential 47 3.3 46 3.4 119.3 1.8
Commercial 228 16.2 210 15.6 633.4 9.2
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non Agricultural 5 0.4 5 0.5 15.3 0.3
Access Roads 44 3.1 44 3.2 51.6 0.7
Sub Total 324 23.0 305 22.7 819.6 12.0
Kesbewa
Residential 222 15.8 216 16.1 1152.5 16.9
Commercial 636 45.3 610 45.6 1843.5 27.0
Agricultural 83 5.9 75 5.6 2207.6 32.4
Non Agricultural 32 2.3 31 2.4 316.6 4.6
Access Roads 24 1.7 22 1.6 239.8 3.5
Sub Total 997 71.0 954 71.3 5760.0 84.4
Grand Total 1404 100 1338 100 6822.3 100
Source: Advance Tracing/Preliminary Plans prepared for B084 road and Field Survey October, 2011
A large number of land lots to be acquired are commercial and residential properties
amounting to around 85.9 percent of the land lots and 58.3 percent in area extent under private ownership. The higher percentage value in land lots (85.9%) and comparatively less
percentage value in area extent (58.3%) represent smallness of area extent of individual lots
located in urban and semi-urban areas. Land is the most scare resource in the affected area.
The average size of an individual land lot in project area spread over three DSDs is small as 4.8 perches. The resettlement implications with these land lots are that their values are high
and mostly owned by economically and socially better off group of people whose
expectations and aspirations are also high with regard to restoration of their lives. The next
land uses such as agriculture, non-agriculture and access roads play a comparatively low
role occupying 5.9%, 2.6% and 5.5% respectively. The non-agriculture lots cover an area
without a house or any other structure, but may have trees or bare land portions without
generating any income. In a sense, they are potential land lots for future residential and
commercial uses. As land use for agriculture purposes are not very prominent along public roads running through human settlements, only 5.9% of land lots are recorded being used
for agricultural purposes with 32.3% of the total land extent, representing 2207.6 perches.
21
Unlike to residential and commercial lots, the size of agriculture lots is comparatively larger
showing an average extent of 26.5 perches. The agriculture (paddy) land use is seen only in
Kesbewa DS division which is the end section of the road towards Horana away from Colombo, approaching country side gradually.
Table 3.19 Summary of Land Acquisition/Resettlement Impacts
Impact Extent
Affected Unit No of DHs
Permanent loss of private Residential/Commercial land
10% or less of land affected 513.0
Perch
444
11-50% of land affected 1181.6 426
50% -100%of land affected 1131.4 221
100% of land affected 1154.8 65
Permanent losses of Agricultural/Non Agricultural land
10% or less of land affected 60.3
Perch
66
11-50% of land affected 66.2 24
50% -100%of land affected 90.5 16
100% of land affected 2624.5 82
Loss of Structures
Shops 488
No of
Structures
456
Houses 180 168
Shop Houses 120 103
Other secondary structures
(Parapet walls, toilets, wells,
huts…etc.)
878 807
Relocation
Shops 67 No of
Structures
65
Houses 28 27
Shop Houses 15 13
Permanent loss of Livelihood
Owners of displaced shops 78 Persons
78
Workers from displaced shops 54 54
Loss of crops/trees 275 Trees/crops 57
Loss of rental accommodation 384 Persons 384
Source: Advance Tracing/Preliminary Plans prepared for B084 road and Field Survey October,2011
22
The above table shows that there are 65 DHs, owing 1154.8 perches have 100 % impact
while 647 DHs, owing 2213 perches have fallen between 11% -100% impact levels with
regard to loss of residential or commercial land. In altogether, 712 DHs (53.2% of DHs), owing 3467.8 perches are facing with more than 10% impact level, and only 444 DHs, owing
513 perches have impact less than 10%. The land area related to more than 10% impact
level accounts for 51.0% of the total extent of 6822.3 perches belong to private individuals;
requiring adequate interventions to mitigate adverse effects falling on DHs.
2781.2 perches owing to 122 DHs will have more than 10% impact level while only 60.3
perches owing to 66 DHs will have impact less than 10%. The land area under
agricultural/non agricultural use having more than 10% impact level accounts for 40.7% of
the total private land to be acquired. Although agricultural and non agricultural lands contain sizable portion (40.7%) of the total extent of private land, this portion is owned by only 8.5%
of the total DHs units (1404). This disproportional relationship between the extent of land
and the number of owners reminds us the smallness of land available for residential and
commercial purposes and the use of more land per unit of agricultural production. Agriculture being a land base production system, it needs more land for a production unit than for non-
farm activity.
Displaced Households amounting to 727 have lost 788 primary structures in the categories of shops, houses and shop cum houses while 807 DHs have lost 878 units of secondary
structures like parapet walls, toilets and wells etc. As revealed in the survey, 67 shops
belong to 65 DHs, 28 houses belong to 27 DHs, and 15 shops cum houses belong to 13
DHs need relocation. Permanent displacement will occur to 78 shops belong to 78 DHs and 54 workers belong to 54 DHs. Rental accommodation is lost for 384 DHs. The loss of trees
is around 275 belong to 57 DHs. Apparently, PMU has taken precautionary measures to
minimize adverse effect of the project, and therefore need for relocation elsewhere has been
reduced to 110 units of houses, shops and shop cum houses (all primary structures) belong
to 105 DHs, out of 1338 total DH units, representing a small fraction as 7.8% of the total DHs
units.
Present status of land acquisition
The land acquisition for the sub project started sending the acquisition application to Ministry
of Land and Land Development on 30th of January 2008. The land acquisition process has been preceded up to Section 9. Now Section 9 inquiry and LARC meetings are is in
progress. Payment of compensation is also ongoing. Summary of the Land Acquisition
process of Pamankada - Kesbewa Road is given below.
Table 3.20 Summary of the present Land Acquisition