SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR ALL : A POWERFUL ENGINE TO ACHIEVE THE SDGS World Family Summit 2015 Nidhal Ben Cheikh Cairo, 12 December 2015.

SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR ALL : A POWERFUL ENGINE

TO ACHIEVE THE SDGS

World Family Summit 2015

Nidhal Ben CheikhCairo, 12 December 2015

OUTLINE

I. Social Protection : Defining the field of action

II. Social protection is a human right

III. The rationale for social protection

IV. Social protection related SDGs goals and targets

V. The need for social protection

VI. The Social Protection new paradigm : the SPF

VII. Recommandations

SOCIAL PROTECTION : DEFINING THE FIELD OF ACTION Social protection and social Security are interchangeable

The notion of social protection adopted by the ILO (2000) covers all measures providing benefits, whether in cash or in kind, to secure protection from :

(a) lack of work-related income (or insufficient income) caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment, injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member;

(b) lack of access or unaffordable access to health care;

(c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependants;

(d) general poverty and social exclusion.

Social Protection comprises Contributory schemes (Social Insurance) and non-contrbutory schemes (Social assistance) programmes

SOCIAL PROTECTION : DEFINING THE FIELD OF ACTION

New concepts have been added to the new terminology such as social transfers, social safety nets, social protection floors, etc … Social Transfers : they represent a transfer from one group to another (e.g. from the active groups to the old) Social Safety Nets : are non-contributory measures designed to provide regular and predictable support to the poors and vulnerables. Six types of social nets programs could be identified : Unconditional cash transfers ; conditional cash transfers, school feeding programs, in-kind transfers, public works and fee waivers

SOCIAL PROTECTION IS A HUMAN RIGHT Social protection is a human right and is enshrined as such in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), and in other major United Nations human rights instruments. Article 22 " Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security "   Article 25 "  Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control "  

SOCIAL PROTECTION IS A HUMAN RIGHT Article 16.3 of the Universal declaration of human rights :

Family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, and is entitled to protection by society and the state

Social Protection and family policies are highly interrelated

THE RATIONALE FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

is a human right

links to active labour markets and formalization

policies

promotes social inclusion and

gender equality

enhances social cohesion and

political stability cushions the social and economic effects of crisis and shocks

increass people’s capacities and productivity

reduces poverty, ill-health and inequality

fosters inclusive economic growth

Social Protection is a critical policy for sustainable development that

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETS

Since the adoption the Recommendation No. 202 on National Social Protection Floors (NSPF) by the International Labour Conference in june 2012, a large consensus emerged on the necessity to build or maintain SPF which guarantees a minimum of income scurity and access to essential health to all ; This consensus has been confirmed by the UN Summit that adopted the Post-2015 Development Agenda and recognized the role of social protection in fighting poverty and inequality. Moreover, the recently adopted Addis Ababa Accord recognizes social protection as one of the core cross-cutting areas where initiatives are needed in order to be able to achieve the SDGs.

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETSFour Goals are directly concerned with Social Protection :

Goal 1End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 3Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 5Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 10Reduce inequality within and among countries

1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETSTwo Goals are indirectly concerned with Social Protection :

Goal 4Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Goal 8Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

All related targets 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTIONPERVASIVE POVERTY AND RISING INEQUALITY

1.4 billion people are still living on less than US$1.25 a day (World Bank). 1.75 billion people experience multidimensional poverty with deprivations in

heath, economic opportunities, education and living standards (UNDP). 925 million suffer from chronicle hunger (FAO). 2.6 billion people do not have access to improved sanitation and 884 million

people do not have access to improved sources of drinking water (WHO/UNICEF). 796 million adults are illiterate (UNESCO). 8.8 million children under the age of five die every year from largely preventable

health problems (WHO).

About 75 per cent of the

population is not covered by

adequate social protection scheme.

1 out of every 4 person (ILO).

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTIONPERVASIVE POVERTY AND RISING INEQUALITYIncome inequality

DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH – U.S.

Survey: What they would like it to be

Survey: What they believe it to be

Reality: What it is – Where is the bottom 40%?

http://harvardmagazine.com/2011/11/what-we-know-about-wealth

Bracket Wealth Owned

Top 20% 84.8%

2nd 20% 10.9%

3rd 20% 4.0%

4th 20% 0.2%

5th 20% 0.1%

Reality: Distribution of Wealth – U.S.

Piketty’s core points: Global economic growth is slowing.

Wealth inequality will increase. Social tensions will likely increase.

Peaceful remedies to increasing social tension require increased government revenue.

Democratic societies need serious discussion when choosing the best remedies.

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION THE COVERAGE GAP

80% of the world population do not

have access to comprehe

nsive coverage

30% of the

population do not

have access to essential

health care

Social protec

tion coverage gap Only

15% of the

population has

access to unemployment

benefits

60% of the

elderly do not

receive a pension

50% of the children are living

in poverty, many lack access to

health and education

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION CASH TRANSFERS ARE NOT ADEQUATE IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTIONCASH TRANSFERS ARE NOT ADEQUATE IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES

THE SOCIAL PROTECTION NEW PARADIGM : THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR INITIATIVE (ILO)

Adoption of R 202 on National Floors of

Social Protection (ILC 2012)

“Social protection floors are nationally

defined sets of basic social security

guarantees which secure protection aimed

at preventing or alleviating poverty,

vulnerability and social exclusion”

THE SOCIAL PROTECTION NEW PARADIGM : THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR INITIATIVE (ILO)

• Family Benefit • Sickness Cash Benefit• Medical Care Benefit• Unemployment Benefit• Maternity Benefit • Survivors’ Benefit • Invalidity Benefit• Old-age Benefit • Employment Injury BenefitPublic Sector

EmployeesPrivate Sector

Employees and voluntarily

insured

Self-employed , not covered by Social

insurance

Informal Economy

Non-employed

Working Age

1. Universal Health Care

2. Child benefit3. Assistance for

Unemployed and Poor

4. Universal Old-Age and disability Pension

Horizontal dimension:

Guaranteeing access to essential

health care and minimum income security (Social

Protection Floors Recommendation

No. 202)

Vertical dimension: progressively

ensuring higher levels of

protection guided by ILO Convention No.102 and higher-level standards

ASSESSMENT MATRIXSPF

objectives

Existing SP provision

What is foreseen in the SP Strategy

Gaps Agencies involved

PrioritiesDesig

n gaps

Implemen-tation

gaps

Health

Children

Working age

Elderly

Social Protection Floor template: guarantees and objectives

Describe the present and planned social protection situation, taking into account SP strategy objectives

Identify design gaps (population not covered due to the lack of SP policy / legislation

Identify implementation gaps: dysfunction in existing policy and schemes (entitlements not meet, unavailability or lack of access to services

Basis for the preliminary costing and thr analysis of potential impacts on poverty reduuction

A consistent framework where all schemes and UN agencies support interventions can fit.

Mapping & sharing of responsibilities and activities among actors and more specifically One UN

Priority policy options to be decided through national dialogue on assessment results

Source : Florence Bonnet and Christina BehrendtILO Social Security Department, Geneva

RECOMMANDATIONS Comprehensive social protection systems are a powerful tool to strengthen the resilience of families in times on economic crisis and political intsability To Give support to countries in costing comprehensive social protection and building social protection floors To Initiate international dialogue on social protection policies and family policies fiscal space To promote family focused/centered social protection policies and approaches promoting empowerment of families and graduation