Social Infra by Group-7

8/14/2019 Social Infra by Group-7

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SOCIALINFRASTRUCTURE

IN INDIA

Prepared ByArpit Surana(4)Dhaval Raninga(10)

PGPIBM (2009-11)


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Social Infrastructure

qA system of social services,networks and facilities that supportpeople and communities.

qSocial infrastructure is a means toimprove the humancondition and positively changesociety's response to chronic

problems.


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HOUSINGHOUSING

The housing sector is the secondlargest employer in India.

In the initial years it wasdominated by central government

& state government.

In the earlier seventies the govt.


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tate w se str ut on o ousesin major states in 2006

State Urban Rural

Owned Rented Others Owned Rented Others

Kerala 87.5 10.2 2.3 94.3 3.3 2.4

Gujarat 73.2 22.8 4.1 92.7 5.5 1.8

Maharashtra 67.2 28.5 4.4 90.0 6.6 3.4

Delhi 66.8 26.1 7.6 77.9 18.6 3.5

West Bengal 63.8 31.1 5.1 95.5 1.7 2.8

INDIA 66.8 28.5 4.7 94.4 3.6 2.1


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Rural housing Schemes

Minimum need programme

house site(1971)

Indira Awas yojna (1985-86)

Housing and urbandevelopment corporation.(H.U.D.C.O)

Dr. Ambedkar housing scheme.


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Urban Housing schemes

q Social housing schemes for different incomegroups with the budgetary support andloans from HUDCO, L.I.C.

q As a part ofNehru rozgar yojanaNehru rozgar yojana, housing

and shelter up gradation scheme for theurban poor was introduced in 1989 with thepopulation between 1 and 20 lakhs.

q

q A scheme for footpath dwellers wasintroduced in 1989 to provide shelter as

well as sanitation facility.


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Causes Of HousingProblems In spite of all these effort

housing problem still remainvery serious problem because

of..

Increasing Population

Urbanizations

High Pricing


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What should be done?

We need to gear up to

contribute substantially to the

housing stock throughstreamlined efforts ofPublic ,Private, Co-operative

,Community And Self HelpSectors in order to see thedream of shelter for all---

kiran nanda (chief economist)


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Health HEALTH

Infant mortalityrate was 219 per 1000and Life expectancy

was merely 32 yearstill 1951.

qSituation at thetime ofindependence

At thetime ofindependence, due

to lack of medicalfacility death rate,infant mortality

rate, was very high


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countries.


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Infant Mortality Rate From 1971-2007


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Steps taken to improve Life expectancy

National Programmed:- This programmed was launched for the

control of small pox, malaria, tuberculosis,leprosy and blindness.

Public awareness programmed :- Through newspaper, magazine, radio,

television etc C.H.E.B inform people about properimmunization, preventive measure against

epidemics.


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Continue..

Programmed have been undertaken to controlother communicable diseases includingdiphtheria, whooping etc through bettersanitation, and immunization.

In 1992, a Child Survival and Safe MotherhoodProgramme was launched to provide for

universal immunization and safe motherhood

initiatives

The target of these programmes is the low-performing states and districts.


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Medical Facility in rural area

Rural health system consist of two tier structurePrimary Health Centre :- there are at present

approx 22,000 primary health centre.

Community health centre :-2400 communitycentre at village level.

6.5 lake trained dais (Female Doctor) 4.2 lakehealth guides, beside a large number of rural

dispensaries are there in rural areas.


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EDUCATIOEDUCATIO

NN


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Education level at the time independenceEducation level at the time independence

At the time of independence, there waswidespread illiteracy and the level ofeducation was less than 15 %.

In the year 1951, there were only 28medical college with approximately2700 student sty -ding there.


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ajor Causes of Low level ofajor Causes of Low level ofLiteracyiteracy

The high rate of drop out particular girls from school. Dropping out and non attendance of children at the

primary stage to due to

poor school facility

unrelated curriculum Poor method of teaching

Poverty


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Measure to remove defect ineducation systemqRestructuring Education system

qPromotion of literacy

qImprovement in primary education

qTechnical Education


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Measure to remove defect ineducation system

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (2001)

v The aim of SSA is to provide meaningful and quality educationto all children between the ages 614 by 2010.

v All children complete five years of primary schooling by2007.

vAll children complete eight years of schooling by 2008.

v Bridge social and gender gaps in primary education by 2007and in elementary education by 2010.


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Li R (% f P l 15


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Literacy Rate(% of People age 15and above who are literate


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Foreign Education in India

qEnable Local institution to become moreCompetitive.

q force the local institutions to change theircurriculum and respond to the immediateneeds of the students.

qThe degrees offered by these institutions willbecome internationally comparable andacceptable.

q Further, the FDI in education would create

new institutions and infrastructure andgenerate employment.


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Literacy Rate in Indian ( %)


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WATER SUPPLY


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Water Supply:Water Supply:

Supply of safe drinking water in both rural andurban areas is aimed at improving thehealth status of the people.

On the demand side, the increasingpopulation places severe strain on theavailability of water.

Supply of drinking water is conditioned byquantum of rainfall, quality of water andavailability of aquifers.


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Continue

A 2007 study by the Asian Development Bankshowed that in 20 cities the average

duration of supply was only 4.3 hours perday.

The longest duration of supply was 12 hours

per day in chandigarh

The lowest was 0.3 hours per day in Rajkot.

In Delhi residents receive water only a fewhours per day because of inadequate

management of the distribution system


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Continue..

qJamshedpur ,a city in Jharkhand with 573,000 inhabitants,is said to be one of the few cities in India with

continuous water supply.

q Its water system is being operated by the private company

Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company (Jusco), asubsidiary of TATA steel.


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SANITATION

The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water hassignificant negative health impacts.

It was estimated in 2002 by the World HealthOrganization that around 700,000 Indians die each yearfrom diarrhea.

Most Indians depend on on-site sanitation facilities.Recently, access to on-site sanitation have increased in

both rural and urban areas. In Mumbai that has provided access to sanitation for a

quarter million slum dwellers.


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Programmed for improvement

UNDP-World Bank Water & SanitationProgram The WSP mission is to assist poor people

gain sustained access to improved water andsanitation services.

The Programs work focuses on two mainthemes. Rural water and sanitation.

Urban water and waste services


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Public Toilets in Urban IndiaPublic Toilets in Urban India

Today, pay-and-use public toilets havebecome well established across India

Most of them funded by municipalities and alarge proportion operated bynongovernmental organizations (NGOs) orsmall contractors.

These are often better maintained thanstandard municipal toilets and areconsequently more popular with the public.


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Recreation and Leisure Recreation orfun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for

therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind.

While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment

Common areas of recreation and leisure include:1. Sports

2. Food and dining

3. Art, crafts, and sewing

4. Social clubs

5. Shopping6. Gaming (Casinos, Computer/interactive, Gaming system)

7. Vacations


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Continue..

As rural people needs to be introduced to avariety of leisure activities, it is important todesign custom-made programmes to addressthe special needs of the communities.

As leisure is seen as an opportunity to alleviatepoverty and contribute to the improvement ofquality of life in these communities.


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Expenditure on Social Sector.


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Conclusion

By studying the social infrastructure in India, we

come to know that a lot has been achieved in social

sector but more has to be achieved . If the country

moves at this rate during next decade as well, then

it will become possible to improve the most

important resource called human resources.


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SOURCES :

IIR2001,2008 Indianreport.com

Planning comission.com

Infrastructure Today magazine

www.tn.gov.in Book -Housing sector in India by V.balaji,T P

Rajmanohar


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Social Infra by Group-7

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