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By C. Settley Social Groups Study Unit 6
26
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Page 1: Social groups

By C. Settley

Social GroupsStudy Unit 6

Page 2: Social groups

• Distinguish between the following non groups: Aggregate of people Category of people • Define a social group • Give a detailed explanation of various characteristics

of the social group • Distinguish between primary and secondary groups

under the following: Definition Examples Characteristics Functions

Learning Outcomes

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• Distinguish between the following social

groups: Expressive and instrumental In and out Open and closed Vertical and horizontal Permanent and temporary Voluntary and involuntary

Learning OutcomesContinued

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What is your

understanding of a social group?

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Social Groups

A Social Group consist of a number of people among whom interaction takes place with a view to achieving a common ( or similar) goal.

The interaction follows certain patterns and a group sentiment (awareness of similarity) and shared group norms arise among the members.

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Group members - small group: +/- 20 members - limited entry/no limit Large group: > 20 members Interaction and patterns of interaction - presence of two or more people - dependent on one another - differs among groups - Wilson: group unity (solidarity)

Characteristics of a social group

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Common/similar group goals - interdepended - interaction - coordinated goals Group sentiment/group awareness - aware of membership - recognise themselves and others - sense of belonging

Characteristics of a social group

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Group norms - rules, conduct - developed over time - to ensure what is expected, is delivered - pressure - negative/positive sanctions

Characteristics of a social group

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Non Groups

1) Aggregate of people

Shares an area No interaction No communication Do not act as a unit

2) Social Categories

Selected on the basis of certain shared characteristics

Common characteristic

No intention of interaction

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a group held together by relationships formed

by family and environmental associations, regarded as basic to social life and culture

Eg family, friends, love relationships

Primary GroupsDefined

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Characteristics of Primary Groups

Few members Face to face

relationships Emotional security Constant contact Informal interaction

Primary Group - A couple embraces one another in a personal, intimate relationship

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a group of people with whom one's contacts

are detached and impersonal

Eg classroom, place of employment

Secondary GroupDefined

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Large in size Definite aims Voluntary membership Formal, indirect and impersonal relation Active/inactive members Formal rules

Characteristics of Secondary Group

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Page 15: Social groups

FUNCTIONS

Primary Group Shaping of personality Nb group for individual-

sense of belonging Fulfills psychological needs Spontaneity stimulus in the pursuit of

interest Security agency of social control

Secondary Group

Created to carry out tasks

Creates/maintain order

Increases efficiency Wider outlook

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Sense of belonging: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs!

Characteristic and function of primary group

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TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS

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EXPRESSIVE GROUP- Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people.

- Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth.

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INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS- Social links formed when we

cooperate with other people to achieve some goal

- Purpose- Task group- Eg nursing professionals as

they provide a task by caring for the patients

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The in- group and the out- group

The in-group Symbols, names,

slogans, clothing Self positive evaluation Mutual

identification/loyalty Tend to compete Evaluation of social

behaviour

The out- group

Opposite of the in-group

Viewed as negative by the in-group

Both groups use as reference

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The in- group and the out- group example

‘the in group identified at school level among kids VS the nerds’

IN-GROUPOUT-

GROUP

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Vertical and horizontal groups

Vertical groups

Different social and economical classes

Eg church

Horizontal groups

More or less the same financial, occupational social background

Eg DENOSA

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Permanent and temporary groups

Permanent groups

Eg the family Long term existence

Temporary groups

Eg residence in a neighborhood who exist for a short while to form a pressure group

Short term existence Group dissolves after

request have been met

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Open and closed groups

Open groups

No limitations Any person can join Eg Facebook, Twitter

Closed groups

Limitations Requirements Eg SANC

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Voluntary and involuntary groups

Voluntary groups

Occupational groups, eg teachers nurses

Made a decision

Involuntary groups

Not based on a decision

Eg family

Page 26: Social groups

Appelbaum, R. P., Carr, D., Duneir, M.,

Giddens, A., 2009, "Conformity, Deviance, and Crime." Introduction to Sociology, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., p 137.

References