Social Determinants of Health

C D C H E A LT H D I S PA R I T I E S A N D I N E Q U A L I T I E S R E P O R T — U N I T E D S TAT E S , 2 0 1 1

M M W R / J A N UA R Y 1 4 , 2 0 1 1 / V O L . 6 0 .

Social Determinants of Health

Health Disparities

differences in health outcomes between groups

that reflect social inequalities

Findings

Social Determinants

of Health

Education and Income Those who live and work in low

socioeconomic circumstances are at an increased risk

Mortality Morbidity Unhealthy behaviors Reduced access to healthcare Inadequate quality of care

A substantial proportion of the adult population with insufficient resources is vulnerable to health problems.

Results

Lower income residents report fewer average healthy days.

Environmental Hazards

Findings

Environmental Hazards

Inadequate and unhealthy housing

Lack of structural and safety features increase risk of

Injuries Blood lead levels Worsening of other conditions

Poor indoor air quality increases risk of Cancer Asthma

Coronary Heart disease

Racial and ethnic minority groups, are more likely to live in urban counties and more likely

to experience a disparately larger impact

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Urban counties are generally near sources of air pollution

Air Pollution

Findings

Healthcare Access

Health Insurance Coverage

Insurance coverage is strongly related to better health outcomes

Higher percentage of males are uninsured

18-34 year olds are twice as likely to be uninsured as 45-64 year olds

Hispanics and blacks had significantly higher uninsured rates compared to non-Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders

Findings

Access to Preventive

Health Services

Influenza vaccination coverage

During the 2009-2010 flu vaccination period, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had lower vaccination rates than non-Hispanic whites

Colorectal cancer screenings

Disparities exist based on Age group Ethnic group Disability Insurance status

Preventive Screenings

Mortality

Findings

Health Outcomes

Mortality Infant Deaths Motor Vehicle Related Deaths Suicides Drug-Induced Deaths Coronary Heart Disease and

Strokes Homicides

African-American Infants

Are 1 ½ to 3 times more likely to die than infants of other ethnicities

Infant Mortality

Suicide Homicide

Men of all ages and race/ethnicities are approximately four times more likely to die by suicide than females

Highest rate for those between ages 15-34

4 times greater in males than females

Highest rate among non-Hispanic blacks

Suicide and Homicide

Leading cause of disability and death in US

African American Men and Women

Men are more likely to die from coronary heart diseases than women

More likely to die of heart disease and stroke than their white counterparts

Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Rates of drug-induced deaths increased between 2003 and 2007 among men and women of all race/ethnicities, with the exception of Hispanics.

Rates are highest among non-Hispanic whites.

Prescription drug abuse now kills more persons than illicit drugs

Drug Induced Deaths

Morbidity

Findings

Health Outcomes

P

Morbidity Obesity Pre-term Births Potentially Preventable

Hospitalizations Current Asthma Prevalence HIV Infection Diabetes Hypertension and Hypertension

Control

What percentage of your state’s population is obese?

Obesity

Prevalence of obesity is lower among whites than among blacks and Mexican-Americans

Among females, prevalence of obesity is highest among blacks

Do You Know Your Numbers?

Hypertension is most prevalent among non-Hispanic blacks (42% versus 28.8% among whites).

Women are significantly more likely to have hypertension controlled than men

Uninsured persons are only about half as likely to have hypertension under control than those with insurance, regardless of type

Hypertension

Behavioral Risk Factors

Findings

Health Outcomes

Behavioral Risk Factors Binge Drinking Adolescent Pregnancy and

Childbirth Cigarette Smoking

What is binge drinking? Who’s at risk?

Consuming four or more alcoholic drinks on one or more occasion for women and five or more for men.

Younger people and men are more likely to binge drink and consume more alcohol than older people and women.

More than half of alcohol consumption by adults in the United States is in the form of binge drinking

Binge Drinking

Leading cause of preventable illness and death

Disparities in smoking rates persist among certain racial and ethnic minorities: American Indians and Alaska Natives

Smoking rates decline with increasing income

Smoking rates decline with increasing educational attainment

Tobacco Use

Disparities Persist

Rates of adolescent pregnancy and childbirth have been falling or holding steady for all racial/ethnic minorities in all age groups.

Birth rates for Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks are 3 and 2.5 times those of whites

Teen Pregnancy