Social Change: Bring on the hippies!thelearningvault.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/9/6/... · Rise of hippie culture in mid-1960s and early-1970s New counterculture opposes mainstream society

Social Change:

Bring on the hippies!

Ch. 7 (p. 206-214)

Youthquake!

Baby boomers rebel against parents/adults

50s rock ‘n’ roll culture accepted by adults in mid-60s

Rise of hippie culture in mid-1960s and early-

1970s

New counterculture opposes mainstream society (“the

Man”)

“youthquake” – long hair, sexual promiscuity, drug

experimentation, anti-consumerism, psychedelic stuff

Mass political protests and demonstrations, politicians

take note

Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 in 1972

By 1980s, baby boomers growing up, many have

careers and families, “settled down”, protest movement

fades away

Your Parents? Grandparents?

The Women’s Movement

1960s: Emergence of Feminism

Belief that women should not be discriminated against

based on gender; they are equal to men

Many women frustrated by lives as stay-at-home

mothers or having to work in low-paying “women’s

jobs”

Waitresses, secretaries, sales clerks, etc.

Feminists protest, lobby government for equality

The Women’s Movement

The Women’s Movement

The Women’s Movement

Royal Commission on the Status of Women

(1967)

Established by PM Pearson to examine women’s status

in Canadian society

Recommendations:

Women should have the right to work outside of their homes

Easier access to subsidized day care

Paid maternity leave

Government should help end discrimination against women

The Women’s Movement

Women’s groups lobby government to act on

Commission’s recommendations

National Action Committee on the Status of Women

(formed 1971)

1980s: more women able to succeed in politics,

medicine, law, engineering, business (traditionally

“male” careers)

1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Equality

clause finally guaranteed equality for women

Still instances of discrimination, but much progress

made

Immigration Policy

Restrictive from WWI to 1960s

British, Americans, N. Europeans were preferred

1962: Most racial restrictions removed

1967: Immigration policy officially “colour-blind”

Country of origin and race no longer factors

Immigrants chosen using a points system based on age,

education, ability to speak French or English, and

employment prospects

If you have enough points, are healthy, of good

character, then you’re let in with spouse and dependent

children

Immigration and Multiculturalism

Refugees

Multiculturalism

Canada’s Multiculturalism Policy

Introduced in 1971 by PM Trudeau

Purpose: to support and encourage all ethnic groups in Canada to honour their culture and share it with the rest of Canada

Mosaic encouraged, not

assimilation or melting pot

Programs set up to make all Canadians feel at home, prevent racism, and teach cultural respect

Language classes

Cultural festivals

First Nations

Residential Schools

Purpose: to assimilate Aboriginal peoples

Residential schools phased out in 1960s, most

closed by mid-1970s, last closed in 1996

Reports of physical and sexual abuse made public

Replaced by band schools

To teach Aboriginal languages, values, cultures, and

traditions

First Nations

Life on Reserves

Aboriginal people living on reserves get right to

vote in 1960

Life on reserves does not improve: serious health

problems, poverty, poor housing and education

Racism and discrimination away from reserves

Aboriginal people organize and pressure federal

government to deal with the problems

First Nations

The White Paper (1969)

Introduced by PM Trudeau and Indian Affairs

Minister Jean Chrétien to propose changes in

Aboriginal policy

Suggests eliminating Indian Act, Indian status,

special rights

First Nations encouraged to move off reserves,

become part of mainstream Canadian society

Assimilation

Responding to the White Paper

First Nations

Response to the White Paper

Aboriginal leaders see it as an attack on culture

and identity

Don’t like Indian Act, but eliminating it would

make conditions worse for First Nations

Want self-government, control over own affairs

First Nations’ demands outlined in the “Red Paper”

Government cancels White Paper