SOC101Y SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Introduction to Sociology Professor Adam Green Professor Adam Green Lecture #18 Lecture #18 Globalization Globalization 13 March 13 13 March 13
Jan 11, 2016
SOC101YSOC101Y
Introduction to SociologyIntroduction to SociologyProfessor Adam GreenProfessor Adam Green
Lecture #18Lecture #18GlobalizationGlobalization13 March 1313 March 13
Non-conventional Political Action, Non-conventional Political Action, Canada, 1981-2006 Canada, 1981-2006
(percent “done” and “might”)(percent “done” and “might”)
Percent
Statistically significant increase
Relative Deprivation TheoryRelative Deprivation Theory
Time
Rewards
Rewards expected
Rewards received
Intolerable gap
People feel relatively deprived when they experience an intolerable gap between the social rewards they think they deserve and the social rewards they expect to receive. Social rewards are widely valued goods, including money, education, security, prestige, etc. Accordingly, people are most likely to rebel against authority when rising expectations (brought on by, say, rapid economic growth and migration) are met by a sudden decline in social rewards (due to, say, economic recession or war).
Resource Mobilization Resource Mobilization TheoryTheory
Resource mobilization theory is based on the idea that social movements can emerge only when disadvantaged people can marshal the means necessary to challenge authority. Foremost among the resources they need to challenge authority is the capacity to forge strong social ties among themselves. Other important resources that allow disadvantaged people to challenge authority include jobs, money, arms, and access to means of spreading their ideas.
Weighted Frequency of Weighted Frequency of Strikes,Strikes,
Canada, 1946-2008Canada, 1946-2008
Str
ikes
/100
,000
non
-agr
icul
tura
l wo
rker
s
1946
Year
20081974
Percent of Non-Agricultural Percent of Non-Agricultural Workers Unionized, Canada and Workers Unionized, Canada and
USA, USA, 1925-20091925-2009
Percent unionized
Year
Canada
USA
Indicators of Globalization, Indicators of Globalization, 1981/2 - 2007/91981/2 - 2007/9
1981/2
2007/9
% Δ
International tourist arrivals (millions of people)
277 924 233
Foreign direct investment (billions of dollars)
59 1,538 2,507
Internet hosts (millions) 213 681 m.
319 m.
Number of international organizations (thousands)
14.3 63.9 347
Transnational CorporationsTransnational Corporations
Transnational corporations – also called multinational or international corporations – are the most important agents of globalization in the world today. They are giant companies that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell on world markets, operate with considerable autonomy from national governments, and depend for growth of on new management skills, design innovations, and massive advertising campaigns.
The Size and Influence of The Size and Influence of thethe
United States EconomyUnited States Economy
Venezuela (IO)
Poland (MO)i
Pakistan (AK)
Saudi Arabia (TN)
Iran (AL)
Singapore (SC)
Sweden (NC)
Austria (VA)Portugal (KT)
Norway (MN)
South Africa (WI)
Argentina (MI)
Mexico (IL)Denmark (IN)
Netherlands (PA)
Morroco (ME)
Brazil (NY)
Dominican Republic (VT)
Belgium (MA)
Bangladesh (NH)
Hong Kong (MD)New Zealand (DC)
Romania (DE)Russia (NJ)Greece (CT)
Vietnam (RI)
Australia (OH)
Turkey (WA)
Israel (OR)
Ireland (NE)
France (CA)
Belarus (AK)
Tunisia (MT)
Ukraine (ID)
Peru (UT)
Thailand (AZ)
Hungary (NM)
Canada (TX)
Nigeria (HI)
Phillipines (OK)
Malaysia (KA)
Czech Republic (NB)
Croatia (SD)
Ecuador (ND)
Indonesia (LA)South Korea (FL)
Switzerland (GA)Chile (MI)
Uzbekistan (WY)
Finland (CO)Algeria (WV)
This map will help you gauge the enormous importance of the United States in globalization because it emphasizes just how big the U.S. economy is. The economy of each U.S. state is as big as that of a whole country. Specifically, this map shows how the GDP of various countries compares to that of each state. For example, the GDP of California is equal to that of France, the GDP of New Jersey is equal to that of Russia, and the GDP of Texas is equal to that of Canada.
McDonaldization, McDonaldization, Glocalization, and Glocalization, and RegionalizationRegionalization
McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency, calculability, and predictability – are coming to dominate the world. McDonaldization extends Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application of the most efficient means to achieve given ends.
Glocalization refers to the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization.
Regionalization refers to the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas
The Regionalization of World The Regionalization of World TradeTrade
This graphic illustratesthe network of worldtrade in 1992. Thethickness of lines showsthe volume of tradebetween countries. Colors distinguish regional trading blocs. Note that most world trade took place within regional tradingblocs, with the UnitedStates, Germany, and Japan at the centerof each of the threemain blocs. (Note: The graphic does not includeChina, which has become the centre of a fourth trading bloc since the early 90s.)
Neoliberal GlobalizationNeoliberal Globalization
Neoliberal globalization is a policy that promotes private control of industry, minimal government interference in the running of the economy, the removal of taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations that discourage the international buying and selling of goods and services, and the encouragement of foreign investment.
Aid to Developing Countries as Aid to Developing Countries as a Percentage of Gross a Percentage of Gross
Domestic Product, OECD Domestic Product, OECD Countries, 2009Countries, 2009
5 countriesabove line
20 countriesbelow line
Level recommended by United NationsAid as percentageof GDP
Towards Democratic Towards Democratic GlobalizationGlobalization
Increase foreign aid to level recommended by UN
Cancel poor countries’ debt.
Eliminate tariff barriers in rich countries.
Support democracy in the developing world.