Section A ( Structured Item ) Answer all the questions. Jawab semua soalan. 1. Figure 1 shows a vernier calipers used to measure the external diameter of a hollow PVC pipe. Rajah 1 menunjukkan angkup vernier yang digunakan untuk mengukur diameter dalam paip PVC. Figure 1 Rajah 1 (a) (i) Name the part labeled Y. Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (b)(ii) What is the function of Y ? Apakah fungsi Y? …………………………………………………………………………………...................... [1 mark] The external diameter of the PVC pipe is measured at four different places, the readings are recorded in the Table 1. Diameter dalam paip PVC diukur pada empat tempat yang berbeza,bacaan dicatatkan di dalam Jadual 1. 1
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Section A ( Structured Item )
Answer all the questions.
Jawab semua soalan.
1. Figure 1 shows a vernier calipers used to measure the external diameter of a hollow PVC pipe.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan angkup vernier yang digunakan untuk mengukur diameter dalam paip PVC.
(ii) responding variable [pembolehubah bergerakbalas]
…………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) fixed variable [pembolehubah dimalarkan]
………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c )Form a hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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(d) Plot a graph T2 versus l.
Plotkan graf T2 melawan l.
[2 marks]
(e) From the graph plotted, state the relationship between the period and the length of the pendulum.
Daripada graf yang diplotkan, nyatakan hubungan antara tempoh dengan panjang pendulum.
[1 mark]
(f) Find the gradient of the graph.
Cari kecerunan graf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
12
Using your answer from part (f), determine a value for the gravitational acceleration.
Diberi berdasarkan jawapan anda di bahagian (f), hitungkan nilai pecutan graviti.
[1 mark]
13
(g) Given that
Section B ( Essay Question )
Answer any one question from this section.
9. Figure 11 shows the arrangement of apparatus to determine the external diameter of a metal pipe.
Figure 11
(a) i. What is meant by diameter ? [1 mark]
ii. Explain the function of the wedges used in the set up of the apparatus shown in Figure 11.
[2 marks]
(b) Table 6 shows the characteristics of four instruments of measurement K, L, M and N used for measuring
a base physical quantity.
Instrument for
measuring
Range of
measurement
Sensitivity Smallest
division of
scale
Ability to
measure
internal
diameter
Ability to
measure
external
diameterK A few metres Low 0.1 cm Cannot CannotL Less than 2 cm High 0.01 mm Cannot CannotM Up to 10 metre Average 0.01 cm Can CanN Up to 1 metre Low 0.1 cm Cannot cannot
Table 6
Your are asked to investigatze the characteristics of the instruments of measurement shown in Table 6
which could be used to measure the thickness of a fishing line. Explain the suitability of the
characteristics of each instrument of measurement in Table 6 and hence, determine which instrument is
most suitable to be used measure the thickness of a fishing line. Justify your choice.
[10 marks]
(c ) You are given a piece of copper wire, a glass rod and metre rule.
i. Explain how the diameter of the copper wire can be determined. [4 marks]
ii. A few turns of the copper wire produce a displacement of water of volume 0.5 cm3 when the wire is
placed in water. Estimate the length of the copper wire used it the diameter of the wire is 0.1 mm.
[3 marks]
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10. Table 7 shows the characteristics of some instruments of measurement P, Q, R and S that are used for
measuring a quantity of length.
Characteristic
Instrument
Smallest division
on the scale
Range of
measurement
Ability to measure diameter Level of
sensitivity
P 0.1 cm A few metres Able, with the help of set squares LowQ 0.01 mm Less than 2 cm Able HighR 0.1 cm Up to 1 m Able, with the help of set squares LowS 0.01 cm Up to 10 cm Able Average
Table 7
(a) What is meant by the smallest division on the scale ? [1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 7, explain the suitability of the characteristics of the instruments for measuring the
internal diameter of a beaker. Determine which instrument is most suitable for measuring the internal
diameter of a beaker. Justify your choice.
[10 marks]
(c ) Explain how a zero error occurs in the instrument you have chosen above and how you can overcome it
while using the instrument.
[5 marks]
(d) You are given a piece of copper wire, an aluminium rod and a metre rule. Explain how you can
determine the diameter of the copper wire.
[4 marks]
Section C ( Essay Question )
Answer all questions from this section.
15
11. A student carries out an experiment to study the relationship between the velocity of a trolley, v and the
height, h. The arrangement of the apparatus is shown as in Figure 10. The height of the trolley when it is on
the runway of the inclined plane is h and the frequency of the ticker timer switched on is 50 Hz.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untu mengkaji hubungan diantara halaju, v troli dan
ketinggian, h. susnan radas adalah seperti dalam rajh 10. Ketinggian troli apabila melaui papan condong
ialahh dan frekuensi bagi jangkamasa detik ialah 50 Hz.
At the beginning of the experiment, the height of the block, h is set at 20.0 cm. The ticker timer is switched
on and the trolley is released. A ten tick part of the ticker tape is chosen from the middle part of the ticker
tape to calculate the velocity of the trolley as shown in Figure 10.1. The length of the 10 tick part is
measured with a metre rule. The experiment is repeated using wooden blocks of height, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50
cm and 60 cm. Pieces of ten ticks from the middle parts of the ticker tape are obtained in all cases and
shown as Figure 10.2, Figure 10.3,Figure 10.4 and Figure 10.5.
Pada permulaan eksperimen,ketinggian blok ditentukan pada 20.0 cm. jangkamasa detik berfunsi dan troli
dilepaskan. Sepuluh detik pada pite detik dipilih dari bahagian tengah pita detik untukmengira halaju bagi
troli seperti yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 10.1. panjang bagi setiap 10 detik diukur dengan menggunakan
pembaris meter. Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan ketinggian bongkah 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm dan
60 cm. helaian pita detik bagi setiap bahagian digunakan seperti pada rajah 10.2, rajah 10.3, rajah 10.4 dan
rajah 10.5.
(a) Based on the experiment, identify :
Berdasarkan pada eksperimen, nyatakan :
i. the manipulated variable [ pembolehubah dimanipulasikan]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
ii. the responding variable [ pembolehubah bergerakbalas ]
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
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Figure 10
iii. a constant variable [ pembolehubah dimalarkan ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Measure the lengths of the ticker tape as shown in Figure 10.1, Figure 10.2, Figure 10.3,Figure 10.4
and Figure 10.5 for different heights of the runway used. For each of your calculations, find the velocity
using the following equation :
Hitungkan panjang pita detik yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 10.1, rajah 10.2, rajah 10.3, rajah 10.4 dan
rajah 10.5 bagi setiap ketinggian laluan yang digunakan. Pada setiap pengiraan, cari halaju dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut:
length of ticker tape, l [ panjang pita detik, l ]
(c ) On a piece of graph paper, plot a graph for v against h.
Pada sehelai kertas graf, plot graf v melawan h.
[1 mark]
(c) Use your graph to state the relationship between v and h.
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan hubungan antara v dan h.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken into account during the experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa eksperimen dijalankan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
12. A students carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, l , of a simple
pendulum and the period of oscillation, T. The apparatus set-up for this experiment is shown in Diagram 12.
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The student starts the experiment with a pendulum length of 30.0 cm. The pendulum bob is displaced and then
released so that it oscillates. The time taken, t, for 10 complete oscillations is recorded. The experiment is
repeated with pendulum lengths of, 50.0 cm, 60.0 cm and 70.0 cm.
The corresponding stopwatch readings for 10 complete oscillations are shown in Diagram 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and
12.4
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Diagram 12Rajah 12
Diagram 12.1Rajah 12.1
Diagram 12.2Rajah 12.2
Diagram 12.3Rajah 12.3
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Diagram 12.4Rajah 12.4
(a) For the experiment, identify:
(i) The manipulated variable
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable
……………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable
……………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]
(b) For this part of question, write your answers in the spaces provided in the corresponding Diagrams. Your answers must be correct to two decimal places.
Based on Diagrams 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4
(i) Record the readings, t, of the stopwatch.
[ 2 marks ]
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(ii) For each value of t in 12(b)(i), calculate the period of oscillation, T, of the pendulum using the following equation:
T = t/10Record the value of T.
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Calculate T2 for each value of T in 12(b)(ii). Record the value of T2.
[2 marks ]
(c) Tabulate your results for all values of l, T and T2 in the space below.
[ 2 marks ]
(d) On the graph paper on page 24, plot a graph of T2 against l.
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[ 5 marks ]
(e)Based on your graph in 12(d), state the relationship between T2 and l.