Snubbing

TECHNICAL BOOK

SNUBBING UNIT

Prepared by :

Dendy Sudrajat

Fajar Kurniawan

Guspan Hamuddin

Hargyan Hendratmo

Irwan Bermawan

Muhdi Rizal

Teguh F. Saksono

Wadori Purwanto

Warno

Wikan Gunarso

WELL SERVICE SUPERVISOR TRAINEE #4 EAST KALIMANTAN DISTRICT

TOTAL INDONESIE 2000

SNUBBING UNIT (HR 150 K)

The purpose of subbing unit is to achieve the handling of tubing or macaroni through a production tubing this type of technique allow the carrying out of several different operation, such as : (General performed in T.I.) • Sand washing • Fishing and milling job • Gas lift macaroni installation • Well start - up • Killing well • Injectivity test • Squeeze cementing • Circulating out of mud • Drill out of cement (plug cement) The technique of running on or out a pipe under pressure is more economical by without first killing the well than to kill it. This typical operation avoid damaging the production zone by penetration of mud / liquid into the formation.

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Lay Out Merrilyn Barge 1501

ELNUSA SUBBING UNIT

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∗ Hazardous Are Specification

∗ Hazardous Area I It is 7.5 m from the well (gas source) • No engine, no exhaust pipe • No surface hotter than 2500 C • Explosion and gas proof certified electric equipment

only. ∗ Hazardous Area II It is 15 m from the well (gas source) • Exhaust manifold and piping less than 2500 C • Exhaust pipe arrestor (or exhaust in the water) • Air inlet flame trap • Overspeed system • Remote control shutdown • Non sparking engine starting system • Non sparking electric equipment • Explosion proof certified electric equipment

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1. Engine Room 16. Diesel Oil Tank2. Pump Room 17. Mixing Tank I (55 bbls)3. Genset I 18. Mixing Tank II (55 bbls)4. Genset II 19. Mixing Tank III (55 bbls)5. Air Compressor 20. Mixing Tank IV (140 bbls)6. Electric 21. Return Tank (140 bbls)7. Toilet I 22. Shale Shaker8. Toilet II 23. Dog House I9. Battery Room 24. Wire line Box10. Break Room 25. Diesel Fuel Tank11. Office 26. Dog House II12. Store 27. Wire line Plat Form13. Locker 28. Accumulator Unit14. Musholla 29. Power Pack15. Pumping Unit 30. Pipe Rock

A : CO2 o : Foam

B : Life Jacket Box (15 pcs) : Sprinkle

C : BOP Stack Seat : Emergency Light

: Extinguisher : Jack Seat

: Life Raft 1 : Muster Point 1

o o : Fire Hose Box 2 : Muster Point 2

: Hydrant 3 : Muster Point 3

o o

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SAFETY CONSIDERATION

I. SAFETY RULES 1. Personal climbing to or working at a height from which a

fall could be dangerous, should wear safety hardness or other equivalent equipment.

2. The work basket should be equipped with an emergency

escape system which will enable personal to reach the ground at some distance from the well but not at a dangerous speed. Periodic escape routes should be simple.

3. If snubbing unit is rigged up on a well, where stripper only is being used, each BOP should be opened / closed at least once every three days to prevent corrosion or formation of deposits around the rams.

4. In a gas well situation, the following additional equipment

is highly recommended : a. Guide tubes for all the necessary size if workstring

to prevent buckling during the light phase. b. Injection of grease between the 2 rubbers of the

stripping bowl lubricates the workstring allows to work in a safer way and reduces the time spent in snubbing with the ram to ram technique. There must be a hole open between lower stripper and BOP to prevent pressure build up at stripper.

c. A choke (usually 1/4") is to be fitted in equalizing loop to reduce the stress encountered during the operation.

d. All BOP wing valves should be doubled, the second ones is for back up.

e. BOP stack must include shear and blind rams.

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5. If a job cannot be terminated before night, the following procedure should be implemented to keep the snubbing unit and well "safe" overnight. a. Positive mechanical locking of the BOP rams after

they have been closed hydraulically. b. Bleed off pressure between BOP's. c. Bleed off pressure from stripper bowl only the

stripping BOP will be closed, locked and bled off as above. The safety BOP will only be used in case of a leak through the stripping BOP.

d. Close all slips bowl and mechanically lock using an appropriate system.

6. Periodically check and grease (special bitumen grease)

the cables. 7. Never use stripper rubber when using stripping BOP's.

II. PRE JOB SAFETY RULES 1. Several calculations are required to confirm that all

equipment for the constraints they will be exposed ti namely : - The max snubbing force required - The depth of the neutral point - The critical buckling load of the work string - The regulated hydraulic pressure settings for the

jack

2. Check the slip bowls by submitting a joint of tubing to 50,000 lbs traction and 250,000 lbs compression using the guide tubes during the compression check.

3. Run a pressure test on each BOP at working pressure. 4. Check the communication system.

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III. SAFETY RULES DURING THE JOB

1. Correct functioning of all emergency engine stop systems

either triggered manually or by a gas, smoke or heat detection should be checked periodically.

2. The crane should not be used when work string is in

motion during snubbing or tripping under pressure operations.

3. A tubing safety valve equipped with its cross - over if

required should be within the reach of personal on the work basket and be ready to be placed on the tubing in the case of a blow out.

This valve should always be in the open position when not in use.

IV. IN CASE OF GAS LEAK (when the alarm in the engine room is heard and gas is shouted). 1. Switch off all electrical equipments on deck and engines

from black shut down on switch board located in the supervisor office.

2. Secure well by stabbing the safety valve and close it, then

close the safety ram : • if the leak comes from the surface line. 3. Stop the leak by closing the appropriate valve • if the leak by closing the appropriate valve. 4. Close the second safety ram • if the work string is leaking and this situation may

endanger rapidely to the life of the working team. 5. Close the shear rams. 6. Close the x-mastree valves.

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Note : The shear rams are not designed to seal and their use is aimed at the closing of the well at x-mastree level. It is the ultimate step.

V. IN CASE OF FIRE

(when the alarm in the engine room is heard and fire is shouted). 1. Take out fire nozzle and fire hoses from box, connect

noses to nearest fire line, then open fire line valves and spray on to burning object. Note : do not use water to fight electrical fire.

2. At the same time, secure the well by stabbing the safety valve and close if then close BOP's.

3. In form well base radio.

4. Connect fire hose to foam maker unit, open tutogen drum

and insert 1" hose from foam branch into tutogen drum open fire hydrant valve and regulate foam water mixture according by adjusting black - knot on foam branch.

Note : - Any body seeing fire must report to snubbing

superintendent. - Fire drills should be performed every month.

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SNUBBING UNIT MAIN FEATURES (HR 150)

∗ BOP STACK • Working Pressure : 5000 psi, Cameron Type • Drift : 4 1/16" • Operating press. (hydraulic actuating press.) : 1500 psi • Rams block to accommodate : 1.315" ; 1.660" ; 1.900" ;

2 3/8" mac. pipe. • Functions : BOP No. 1 : Stripping BOP No. 2 : Stripping BOP No. 3 : Blind rams BOP No. 4 : Shear ram BOP No. 5 : Safety BOP No. 6 : Safety BOP • Well Head Adaptor Flange : Handil 4 1/16 x 3 1/16,

gasket RX35 Tatun 4 1/16 x 4 1/16,

5000 psi, gasket BX155

• Kill Line : - two 2" x 5000 psi manual valves (1/4 turn).

- below BOP No. 3 • Equalizing Line for BOP No. 2 : - one hydraulic actuated valve 2" x 5000

psi. - one manual valves (1/4 turn) 2" x 5000

psi. • Bleed Off Line : - one hydraulic actuated valve 2" x

5000 psi. - one manual valve (1/4 turn) 2" x

5000 psi. - below BOP No. 1. • One Spacer Riser : 4 1/16" x 5000 psi for 1.315 to

3 1/2 pipe length 0.5 m : between BOP No. 1 & No. 2.

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SNUBBING COMPLETE ASSEMBLY

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• One Spacer Riser : 4 1/16" ID x 5000 psi 6 slips to hold vertical movement 150.000 lbs weight holding (static) 1.315" to 3 1/2" pipe holding

• 4 1/16" Stripper Bowl : - WP : 3000 psi x 4 1/16" ID - Stripper bowl adaptor sub

for wireline rig up. - Stripper rubber available for

1" to 2 7/8" pipes size.

• Slip Bowl Assembly - Travelling slip bowls : - one subs - one slips - 8 slip dies per set - static load capacity :

150.000 lbs - operating pressure : 600

psi - capable of handle 1.315" ;

1.660" ; 1.900" ; 2 3/8" - Stationary slip bowls : - one subs

- one slips - 8 slip dies per set - static load capacity : 150.000 lbs - operating pressure : 600 psi - capable of handle 1.315" ; 1.660" ; 1.900" ; 2 3/8"

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• Work Basket : - length : 14 Ft - width : 11 Ft - hand railing height : 43 inch • Operator Console Consist of 3 Control Panels *) Jack Control Panel - ESD button - Hyd. Press Slip indicator - Lift Force indicator (0 - 150,000#)

- Snub Force indicator (0 - 75,000#) - Jack Pressure indicator (0 - 3,000#) - Pump Pressure Indicator - Hyd. Press. BOP Syst. Indicator (0 - 3000

psi) - Rotary Press. Indicator - Engine Stop Switch - Engine Speed Throttle - Rotary Table Lever - Rotary Hyd. Press regulator - 2 Jacks or 4 Jacks Selector Switch - Main Jack Lever - Stationary Snub Lever - Travelling Slip Lever - Stationary Slip Lever - Equalizing Valve Lever - Bleed Off Valve Lever

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HANGER FLANGE

HOLDER

SHEAR RAM Completed with booster to greater shearing

ANCHOR NUT

STRIPPER RUBBER

STRIPPER BOWL & ADAPTER

Stripper Rubber Assy

DATA : •) ID : 4 1/16" x

WP 5 K Psi •) 6 slips to hold

vertical movement

•) 150 K lbs weight

holding (static) •) 1.315" - 3 1/2

Hanger Flange : It is to hold vertical movement

STRIPPER BOWL •) ID : 4 1/16" x WP 3

K Psi •) Stripper rubber

available for : 1" to 2 7/8" pipe size

Anchor nut →

Stripper bowl

Stripper rubber

CONTROL PANEL

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*) BOP Control Panel

1. Stripper Ram I Lever 2. Stripper Ram II Lever 3. Blind Ram Lever 4. Shear Tam Lever 5. Safety Ram I Lever 6. Safety Ram II Lever 7. Air Control Valve. Working Press. to operate BOP control panel 150 psi.

*) Counter Balance Control panel Consist of 2 lever to lift up tubing macaroni. The power is from 2 hydraulic motor max. press : 1500 psi with max load capacity 500 lbs.

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A. Hyd. Press. Slip Indicator 1. Engine Stop Switch B. Lift Force Indicator 2. Engine Speed Throttle C. Snub. Force Indicator 3. Hyd. Jack Press. Regulator D. Jack Press. Indicator 4. Rotary Table Lever E. Pump Press. Indicator 5. Rotary Hyd. Press. Regulator F. Hyd. Press BOP Syst. 6. 2 Jacks or 4 Jacks Selector Switch G. Rotary Press Indicator 7. Main Jack Lever

8. Stationary Snub Lever 9. Travelling Snub Lever 10. Travelling Slip lever 11. Stationary Slip lever 12. Equalizing Valve Lever 13. Bleed of valve lever

∗ HYDRAULIC POWER PACK A skid mounted hydraulic power pack powered by Detroit Diesel

8VA38100 ; 307HP@ 2100RPM • Emergency shutdown (intake air action activated) • Hydraulic or air starter • Overspeed shutdown • Manual throttle • Manual kill switch • Low oil pressure shutdown • High temperature shutdown • Relief valve • Spark arrestor • Fuel tank : 400 gal capacity • 2 dual pumps to supply jacks • 2 auxiliary system with relief valves (mixing, rotary table) • 1 dual pump with relief valve to supply pipe handling

package • 1 dual pump to supply slips & BOP's and to drive oil

cooling far (slips & BOP syst. Has relief valve, unloading valve, check valve).

• Setting pressure : - Low pressure for jacks : 1000 psi

- High pressure for jacks : 2000 psi

- Counter balance : 2000 psi - Air Starter : 2500 psi - BOP's : 1500 psi

- Koomey : 1500 psi ∗ PUMPING FACILITIES • Triplex Pump is provided by : - hydraulic starter - spark arrestor - overspeed

shutdown - emergency

shutdown

19 - 340 HP power output - WP : 5000 psi - Max. flow rate : 8 BPM at 0 psi

- Relief valve at pump discharge line to mud tank (set at 5000 psi)

- PSV (set at 150 psi) - Pressure hoses 2" x 30 m x 5000 spi WP

- Chiksan loop min. 10 pcs , 2" - One stand pipe from floor to basket 2" x 5000 psi - Choke manifold 2" x 5000 psi WP, to allow

BOP/line pressure test, direct/reserve circ & stimulation easily

- 3 compartments mud tank (@ 55 bbls) - 2 compartment mud tank (@ 140 bbls) - Shale shaker (120 mesh ; 50 m3/h) - Mixing equipment for mud tank (15 HP electrical

motor) - Transfer pump for mud tanks - Water pump to supply sea or river water on deck or

in tanks • Accumulator Unit - 6 bottles nitrogen with enough capacity to c - o - c,

incase the power pack is failure. The remaining pressure in bottles must be at least 50 % of the original one (setting press. keep on each bottle : 1500 psi).

- The closing time of each BOP must less than 20 sec.

- The pump should repressurize the accumulator to its original pressure in less than 12 mn.

- Accumulators should be supplied by 2 different power sources : - hydraulic

- pneumatic - Override button to provide functions : - Release air used to hold BOP operating

levers closed - Isolate BOP controls in basket - Safety locks for blind and shear ram levers

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- Accumulator characteristic - Blader Type (rubberized) with N2 gas

compression. - N2 pre-charge pressure : 1100 psi - Working pressure : 3000 psi - Normal pressure : 1500 psi

• Jack Assembly : - Short stroke jack assy : - 8 1/2" bore through jack - Four 4" ID cylinder, 3" OD

rod - 10" stroke

- Max Hoist capacity - Low range : 159,800 lbs - Intermediate range : 75, 400

lbs - High range : 29, 400 lbs - Max Snub capacity - Low range : 66,000 lbs

- High range : 33,000 lbs (Note : SF : 80 %)

- Max Jack speed - Low up : 1.02 Ft/Sec - High up : 2.04 Ft /Sec - Low snub : 2.33 Ft/Sec

- High Snub: 4.66 Ft/Sec

- Rotary table specification - Max torque : 1000 Ft lbs

- Speed range : 7 to 75 rpm

- Counter balance - Hoist capacity : 500 lbs

- Max. hyd. operating press : 1500 psi

- Reel capacity : 200' ; 5/32" cable

- Line speed : 415 Ft/mnt

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- Gin pole (Telescopic) - Construction : 3 section

- Max. extension : 60' - Weight : 600 lbs

• Hose Kit Sufficient hoses and quick connections to operate all the

unit & locate the power unit away from hazardous are (20 m).

• Hose Basket

- 24" wide ; 6' long ; 6" wide lift eyes - to easily move the hoses

• Guide Tube : - one stationary guide tube 3 1/2" ID, on the top of the stationary snub

- one travelling guide tube 2 1/4" ID, below the travelling slips

Note : guide tube is used to prevent buckling effect on the macaroni, when working in high pressure well.

• Wireline Adaptor

- 3" ID & 3.9" ID - length : 5.4 m - WP : 5000 psi Note : WL adapter is used for W/L operation and is

located thru the travelling bowls and the jacks, connected to the stripper bowl.

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INSPECTION & SPECIAL TESTS

Objectives : * Increase the performance of the equipment * Increase the number of working hours * Increase the safety of the personnel FREQUENCY NOTE : For detail information Sec SI 04 - 0340

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INSPECTION / SPECIAL TEST FREQ. (MONTH)ELNUSA INSPECTION 1/2SAFETY INSPECTION 1KC INSPECTION 6MACARONI INSPECTION 6DOWN HOLE EQUIPT. INSPEC. 6PENALTY CALCULATION 1BJ PUMP TEST 6POWER PACK TEST 6BOP TEST 6SLIP BOWL TEST 6JACK TEST 6KOOMEY TEST 2GAS DETECTOR TEST 1FIRE DETECTOR TEST 1ESD TEST 1FIRE PUMP TEST 1

SELECTION OF PIPES

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HYDRILL TUBING WEIGHT (lbs/Ft) ID DRIFT

1.315 (N80) 1.8 1.049 0.955

1.660 (N80) 2.4 1.38 1.286

1.900 (N80) 2.9 1.61 1.516

1900 (P105 / P110) 3.64 1.50 1.406

HYDRILL TUBING COUPLING OD1.315 (N80) 1.5521.660 (N80) 1.8831.900 (N80) 2.113

1900 (P105 / P110) 2.162

HYDRILL TUBING1.315 (N80)1.660 (N80)1.900 (N80)

1900 (P105 / P110)

3 1/2 tub 4 1/2 tub1.315 (N80) 3.660 7.0601.660 (N80) 3.140 6.5301.900 (N80) 2.707 6.110

1900 (P105 / P110) 2.707 6.1101.140 0.65

HYDRILL TUBING INTERNAL VOL (l/m) STEEL VOL. (l/m)

0.9662 0.431.314 0.52

INTERNAL PRESS (PSI)

0.557 0.332

1128019780 1934089,000 (80%)

50,000 (80%)

INTERNAL PRESS (PSI)141601180010680

1.440

COLLAPSE PRESS (PSI)1455012360

110 m kg ; 800 Ft lbs

MAX PULL N80 (lbs)31,000 (80%)40,000 (80%)

COUPLING ID

0.970

1.300

1.530

40 m kg ; 400 Ft lbs85 m kg ; 600 Ft lbs110 m kg ; 800 Ft lbs

TORQUE (75 / N80 (COEF:1)

TUBING SIZES (INCH) ID (INCH) WEIGHT (lbs)2 3/8 EUE 1.995 4.72 7/8 EUE 2.441 6.53 1/2 VAM 2.992 9.24 1/2 VAM 3.958 12.6

TUBING SIZES (INCH) DISPLACEMNT (l/m)2 3/8 EUE 2.882 7/8 EUE 4.213 1/2 VAM 6.264 1/2 VAM 10.35

TUBING SIZES (INCH)2 3/8 EUE2 7/8 EUE3 1/2 VAM4 1/2 VAM 3.68 ; 3.81

NIPPLE (SEAL BORE)1.56 ; 1.62 ; 1.81 ; 1.87

2.25 ; 2.312.75 ; 2.81

3.063

1.9012.3462.9443.83

DRIFT (INCH)

3.6693.8624.862

CAPACITY (l/m)

3.024.547.94

2.02

COUPLING OD (INCH)

• Macaroni tubing check and maintenance *) Macaroni tubing check - Always deck the drift with an API rabbit - Visually inspect the thread to detect any

damage : - galling - mechanical damages - corrosion pittings - box connections shall be checked for

swelling cover torque) - Visual body inspection for : - straightnees - outside overall condition - internal condition of tubing - Wall thickness / measurement - the remaining wall thickness not be less

than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness - Magnetic particle inspection - upset area and box ends shall be checked

with an A.C. Yoke and dry magnetic particles for external check

*) Marketing - Rejected tubing : colour coded one red

point bands encircling the tubing close the direct.

- Serviceable tubing : colour coded with two white paint bands encircling the tubing at a distance not greater than 2 Ft from the upset pin.

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- In addition each tubing shall be stenciled with the API grade as folows

- Grade N80 : (N•) one N followed by one center punch mark on the sloping face of the upset pin

- Grade P105 : (P••) one P followed by two center punch marks on the sloping face of the upset pin

- Care and Use

- Each connection shall be thoroughly greased & fitted with plastic thread protector

- Handling shall be done with care

- Tally Pipe Before running the mac. Pipe, always measure the length

of each pipe.

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CS HYDRILL THREAD

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3O0 SHOULDER & SEAL INTERMEDIATE SHOULDER INTERNAL BORE K10 SEAL SHOULDER

Minor tool cuts and minor damage to threads permissible as long as threads are not rolled or mashed End at pin (900 bore shoulder) damage Minor corrosion on threads must not exceed Permissible but should be 2/3 of the finished Removed with a brass wire wheel are

Minor damage ok as long as damage does not cause metal to protrude out ward toward the 300 face on the box & the 140 seal on the pin

Damaged or mashed 300 shoulder not permissible. Minor damage can be hand repaired

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1/4” Actual sealing area on1/40 seal, no cut across theseal area, no corrosion thathas caused bad pitting

not the seal area minor damage orcorrosion ok

Intermediate shoulderminor damage ok as long as metal does notprotrude outward

Starting threads (orthread ends) must notbe rolled or mashed

Bore shoulder minordamage ok as longas metal does notprotrude outward

300 seal minor damageok as long as damagedoes not exceed 2/3of the seal

900 on box end mustnot be mashed in on the counter bore, minordamage can be hand repair

Corrosion or Minor damagedoes not affect the sealingof the connection

1/4” Seal Area cuts or indentmarks more than 1/16” not permissible or any metal orforeign objects embeddedin the seal are protrudingoutwardSurface corrosion ok if notpitted and removable with200 Grit Emery Cloth

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RIG UP PROCEDURE FOR SNUBBING

I. PREPARATION

During moving to new location •) Change BOP rams to new location •) Prepare and check rams it necessary •) Prepare pipe tally •) The snubbing rig up check list is filled during the rig up.

II. RIG UP PROCEDURE

1. Call the well base operator to shut in the well (both string) bleed off x-mastree top caps and surface lines to the burn pit.

2. Locate the snubbing barge about one meter away from

the platform, pipe rack facing the x-mastree.

3. Remove the wire line gin pole.

4. Rig down the surface equipment if necessary. •) Bleed off control line to close the DHSV •) Bleed off the well above the DHSV (on burn pit) •) Disconnect the gas line (if any) •) Disconnect the top cap flange (or the hanger flange

if any, low torque top valve in close position) •) For gas lift surface equipment

•) Lift the hanger flange and the top valve assy with the crane until the 6 locator comes in contact with the hanger flange.

(Note : beware do not exceed 1500 lbs pulling capacity, check all valve is open position).

•) Close the upper master valve •) Bleed off x-mastree pressure if any •) Disconnect the adaptor flange and remove all

surface equipment.

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5. Pick up BOP stack and set on well. Install the four legs to secure the BOP stack and then make up the BOP stack. Use water pass to check vertically of stack. NOTE : - Clean the groove at ring basket - For dual x-mastree, use half moon

flange adaptor

6. Install the jack assembly and basket package on the top of BOP stack. Secure with sling connected to the platform pad eyes, assuming that stack up is vertical and equipped with guide tubes.

7. Insure the make up is perfectly done.

8. Connect hydraulic hoses, install ladders.

9. Rig up the manifold and the lines. 10. Install escape lines.

11. Raises the gin pole in the basket.

NOTE : •) In case of wireline operation with the

snubbing unit : - connect the wireline adapter to the

stripper bowl, passing thru the top slip and snub.

- carry out a standard wireline rig up on this adapter.

- estimate the correction factor for the weight indicator as the angle of the wire at the hay pulley should not be 900.

•) In case of electric logging with the snubbing unit : - carry out a similar procedure above. - be sure the crane boom is long enough

to hold the top pulley above the lubricator (top pulley independent of the lubricator and injection head)

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III. TEST

1. FUNCTION TEST •) open and close all the rams (from the basket and

from the remote control panel on the barge). •) install macaroni tubing thru BOP' s 1, 2, 3, 4 close

snub and connect stabbing valve. •) open and close the slips and snubs, test the fraction

to 50 K lbs and compression 25 K lbs. •) open and close automatic valves •) move up and down the jacks. •) check the handling pipe system is running correctly. •) check the koomey pressure (min press : 1500 psi

max press : 3000 psi)

2. PRESSURE TEST OF BOP STACK, LINES AND MANIFOLD - check the rams installed will fit for the coming job. - the equipment must be tested to 5000 psi. TEST PROCEDURE 1. Pressure up all line and manifold to check if any

leak. 2. Close swab valve on x-mastree. 3. Fill up lines and BOP with water, close Blind Ram. 4. Press. test BOP no. 3 thru kill line for 5 minutes. 5. Bleed off pressure thru manifold bleed off line. 6. Open BOP no. 3 (Blind Ram). 7. Insert mac thru BOP (check the size mac.) until top

of swab valve. 8. Close kill line valve on BOP and connect stand pipe

to stabbing valve. 9. Fill up stand pipe, mac and BOP stack with water. 10. Close BOP no. 1 / stripping ram no. 1 monitor for 5

mnts. 11. Close stripping ram no. 2, bleed off pressure thru

bleeder valve monitored for 5 mnts. 12. Close safety ram no. 5, bleed off pressure thru

bleeder valve monitored 5 mnts. 13. Close safety ram no. 6, bleed off pressure thru

bleeder valve, monitored 5 mnts.

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14. Open safety ram no. 6 and bleed off pressure thru bleeder valve.

15. Open the kill line. NOTE : - if gas injection is planned, anchor the line

then pressure test the line until gas line valve at 1500 psi for 5 mnts.

- test BPV at 3000 psi for 5 mnts. - perform low pressure test first at 300 psi /

5 mnts then continued pressurize until desired pressure.

- test should record.

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RIG DOWN SNUBBING PROCEDURE

RIG DOWN PROCEDURE Call well base operator, to shut in flowing string if any and bleed off the lines (flow lines and gas injection lines if any). 1. Retract gin pole. 2. Disconnect hydraulic lines. 3. Rig down manifold, open all manifold valve and lines. 4. Remove escape lines and ladders. 5. Hold the basket + jack package with crane, untight slings from

platform pad eyes and transfer the passage to snubbing barge. 6. Remove the legs, 4 pcs. 7. Transfer BOP stack + well head adaptor package from x-

mastree to snubbing barge. 8. Install x-mastree top caps or gas lift surface equipment if

necessary. 9. Install wire line gin pole. 10. Call well operator to flow the well if they want. 11. Wash x-mastree and platform with soap and fresh water.

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DOWN HOLE EQUIPMENT

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1. BACK PRESSURE VALVE It is used to prevent the well pressure to come back thru the string while running macaroni string under pressure condition. We have to check and pressure test prior to run into the well.

2. OTIS N BOTTOM NO-GO NIPPLE & N-MANDREL

It is used the land pump down plug (N-Mandrel) by dropped into macaroni string and pumped down against well bore pressure. Pump down plug has to BPV can not hold the pressure (leaks).

3. MULE SHOE

4. WEAR BUSHING

41 RUNNING / PULLING / W/BUSHING BY WIRE LINE 1. Wear bushing are set and retrieved like a standard DHSV

separation sleeve, using a GS pulling / running tool. 2. Applied pressure thru hydraulic control line for :

a). Help the latching and to keep the wear bushing in place). b). Control that the wear bushing remains in place throughout

the whole snubbing operation and mostly during pulling out.

NOTE : for size 2.81, 1000 psi is the max pressure to be applied

as the wear busing has a wall thickness lower than a separation sleeve. There fore there is a risk of collapse if too much pressure is applied.

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It is used to easier run the macaroni string into the well. It is located at the bottom of macaroni string.

INTERNAL F/NECK NO. GO

U-PACKING UNIT

It is used to protect the seal of Down Hole Safety Nipple. It is set at safety nipple by ; 1. Wire line before running

the macaroni string when the max outside diameter of the macaroni string can pass through the wear bushing.

2. Snubbing : other case.

CROSSING BALANCE POINT

Crossing the balance point refers to moving pipe either into or out of a well at the point where the pipe goes from pipe light to pipe heavy or vice versa. Calculate the balance point in pipe footage by multi plying cross sectional area by well pressure, the weight of pipe which equals this valve must then be converted to footage. However several variables are involved in determining the point at which snubs can be changed to slips. These variables include : hydraulic pressure on BOP's (changing friction characteristics), friction of rams and / or stripper rubber, weight of fluid in work string and tubing as well as the difference in the coefficient of sliding friction vs static friction. When stripping through stripper rubber (or annular BOP's) the difference between O.D of tool joint and O.D of pipe can create difficulty. The variable causing the most problems is difference caused by sliding vs static friction. It takes more force to start pipe moving (static friction) then it does to keep pipe moving (sliding friction). Therefore, if snubs are changed over to slips prematurely it may be difficult to over come the static friction to get the pipe moving. A. Procedure snubbing in hole when pipe light to pipe heavy

1. Calculate number of joints to reach the balance point. 2. Snub in hole to calculated point. Do not fill last 30 joints. 3. Continue snubbing pipe, checking each joint for ability to

pick up the pipe with snubs. 4. Allow or cause pressure to build up on well (if possible) by

several hundred psi. 5. Continue snubbing into hole slowly until pipe starts to slips

to control pipe movement. 6. Bleed pressure back down to original well pressure. 7. Fill macaroni with fluid. 8. Change over form subs to slips and continue into hole with

pipe heavy.

43 B. Procedure snubbing out of hole when pipe heavy to pipe light.

1. Calculate number of joints needed to be snubbed out of hole to reach the balance point.

2. Pull pipe with slips until calculated number of joint are out of hole.

3. Continue pulling pipe with slips slowly, checking each joint with the travelling slips to determine if pipe can be moved down hole.

NOTE : Most hydraulically operated slips and snubbers will hold several hundred pounds of pipe backwards. This holding ability can be temporarily increased by increasing hydraulic pressure.

Once the balance point is crossed, hydraulic pressure should be lowered to its normal pressure.

- if possible flow the well to allow more pipe to be pulled in the heavy condition.

- continue pulling pipe until pipe starts to slip thru the travelling slips using the stationary snubs to control pipe movement.

NOTE : Remember / tool joints are more difficult to pull thru stripper

rubbers (or annular BOP's) than the pipe body, pull as much pipe as possible.

- change over from slips to snubs (increased slip pressure may still be temporary required)

- increase well pressure by several hundred psi (if possible).

- snub out of hole. - bleed well pressure back down to normal after pipe

snubs strongly.

44

FISHING OPERATION

1. SELECTION OF FISHING TOOL It is indispensable to know as accurately as possible : 1. The fish : depth, composite, dimensions, weight. 2. The string : were the fish is lost composition, dimension, deviation of the

well. But obviously the most important thing is to know the dimensions the shape, the position of the fish head. To have these datas three ways can be followed 1. Consult the report 2. A impression block 3. When it is possible it can be very useful to get similar

equipment than these one broker / stuck in the hole. After all the datas are completed, it can be useful to draw, to scale the fish head in the position it has inside the tubing.

2. SELECTION OF FISHING STRING a). Macaroni ; stronger is better b). BHA ; - use safety joint especially when running

non releasing fishing tool. - a bumper sub will be run in all cases,

even with an hyd. jar.

3. SURFACE EQUIPMENT The BOP will be equipped with the proper rams to close on the fishing string and on the fish (long fish).

4. PREPARATION FISHING STRING All fishing equipment must be in perfect condition and tested if possible. All dimension must be reported on a chart.

45

Do not forget the following points a). On overshot - Distance between guide and grapple - Length of grapple. - Distance between guide and packer - Distance between guide and top sub.

b). On Releasing Spear - Distance between bottom nut and grapple - Length of grapple.

- Distance between bottom nut and top sub.

c). On Safety Joint - Number of turns to unscrew it.

d). On Bumper Sub, Jar - Stroke

5. FISHING - Slow down and run carefully few joints before to reach the

supposed depth of the fish. - Few meters above the fish rate

• Pulling weight • Running weight • Pressure at a given pumping rate

- Fishing Operation • In doubt do not hesitate to consult the instruction manual

of the concerned tools. • Mark on the string for a given overpull • Increase the overpull progressively.

6. PULLING THE FISH Pull slowly and smoothly especially when landing on slips.

46

47 BOWEN SAFETY JOINTS The safety is a two - piece special connection that can be located at any desired point a string of pipe. It will withstand all of the normal operations of the string, transmit full torque in either direction or, at the will of the operator. It can be easily released to salvage all of that portion of the string above it. Made up at any desired point in a drilling fishing, testing, wash over or tubing string. It operates as a unit un affected by vibration inertia of the bit or drill collars, or while rotating out of the well.

No movement can occur between one two sections of the safety joint nor can it be released without a specific mechanical procedure.

To release the safety joint in the hole, rotate the string to the left, not exceeding s safe left hand torque load depending on depth and mechanical conditions.

48

EXAMPLE OF BOTTOM HOLE ACCESSORIES

MAC. STRING

LANDINGNIPPLE

MAC. PUPJOINT

MAC. PUPJOINT

B P V

MAC. PUPJOINT

X - OVER

BUMPER SUB

X - OVER

JDC PULLINGTOOL WITHPERFORATEDPROBE

MAC. STRING

LANDINGNIPPLE

MAC. PUPJOINT

B P V

X - OVER

MAC. PUPJOINT

B P V

HYD. JAR

BUMPER SUB.

SAFETYJOINT

X - OVER

PERFORATEDPUP JOINT

X - OVER

TAPER TAP

MAC. STRING

LANDINGNIPPLE

MAC. PUPJOINT

B P V

MAC. PUPJOINT

B P V

X - OVER

HYD. JAR

BUMPER SUB.

SAFETYJOINT

OVER SHOT

Maintaining torque, lower the string on the joint until it breaks. Maintain normal string weight on the joint while unscrewing it. To re-engage the joint after its release, lower the string until the two sections of the joint make contact. Apply one point of weight ; rotate to left one or two turns, then rotate to the right until torque increase proves joint engagement. LOCATE SAFETY JOINT 1. In drilling strings : It is located for enough above the drill

collars to prevent compression loading and to avoid sticky and pin connections with the OD and ID corresponding to the drill pipe tool joints.

2. In fishing string : It is located immediately above the

grappling or fishing tool and below any accesorry tool such as jars or bumper subs.

3. In washover string : It is located between the drill pipe and

the washover string. Washover joints are provided with a drill pipe box connection and washover pin connection. Diameters conform to washover pin connection. Diameters conform to washover pipe.

49 BOWEN OIL JARS The type Z Bowen Oil Jars is a straight - pull operated jar which employs a patented combination of proven principles of hydraulics an mechanics. This jar is unique in design and operation and is simple to assemble and easy to operate. No setting or adjustment is required before going in the hole or after the fish has been engaged. As pull is applied to the jar fluid is metered from one cavity to another through this piston assembly. By being force through a restricted passage, the fluid is retarded in such a manner that the stroke is delayed until the operator has ample time to take the necessary stretch in the running string (and intensifier, when it is used) to strike a blow of given impact. It is use for fishing operation, formation testing and coring.

50

BUMPER SUBS It was design to provide a relatively in expensive yet durable bumper sub for use in all fishing operations and used as a feed off tool when using the predetermined weight method to cut tubing or casing. The Bowen Fishing Bumper Sub is simple yet rugged. It is composed only primary parts and a double seal assembly. The hexagon - shape mandrel slides in a similar shaped mandrel body to provide continue torque capability. The standard 20" stroke of these tolls is optimum for most purpose. Full circulation may be maintained through the bores of the tolls all times. Bumper subs are suited for all fishing operations, It will bump down jar up, or help disengage a fish after retrieved.

51 BOWEN JAR INTENSIFIERS It is used to supply acceleration to the upper end of the jar and lower portion of the work string during the jarring stroke. It is run in conjunction with the hydraulic jar. The intensifier is essentially a fluid spring which stores energy when a strain B pulled on the running string. When the strain is removed by the free stroke of the jar, this stored energy is releasing, accelerating the drill collars and jar end upward until a blow of high impact is struck. A secondary advantage of the too is its ability to absorb much of the shock of the rebounding string after the jarring stroke, protection tools from damage. Operation of the tool is very simple, requiring only straight pull, as rapidly or as slowly as required by the operation.

52

53

CIRCULATING OPERATION

CIRCULATION PROCEDURE 1. Prepare the bottom hole assembly as per drawing. 2. Install the stripper rubber in the stripper bowl. 3. RIH the mule shoe just above the swab valve close slibs and

scrubs. Test BPV's at 3000 psi. 4. Open slowly the x-mas tree swab valve and RIH. 5. Every 40 joints of macaroni pump the internal vol. Of macaroni

string to make sure BPV do not plug. 6. When the depth is reached, close BOP no. 1 connect stabbing

valve on macaroni and stand pipe to stabbing valve. Start circulation it can be necessary to choke the return if there is pressure in the well. Never make the return to the barge if gas or oil are coming out of the well but flow to burn pit, except if an efficient separator or scrubber is available.

7. When the circulation is completed. Open BOP no. 1 and POOH. NOTE : - check amount of drill water or diesel oil in snubbing

barge as program request.

54

SIZE & CONNECTION 1 13/16 1 1/4 2 3/8 2 3/8 2 3/8 2 7/8 2 7/8 2 7/8Wilson A.P.I A.P.I. A.P.I E.U.E. A.P.I A.P.I. E.U.EF.J. Reg. Reg I.F. Reg. Reg.

OUTSIDE DIAMETER - Inches 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 1/8 3 3/4 3 3/4 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/2

INSIDE DIAMETER - Inches 5/16 3/8 1 1 1/2 1 7/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 2 3/8

JARS USED WITH : 74723 54020 52504 52528 52497 52506 1 15/16 52653

18775 42736 37406 20150 38040 52502 35849

TOTAL STROKE TOSOLID - Inches 6 6 8 3/4 7 7/8 7 5/8 8 1/4 44483 10 3/8

1 1/4 1 1/4 2 3/8 2 3/8 2 3/8 2 7/8Ext. F.L A.P.I Reg. A.P.I. Reg. A.P.I. I.F E.U.E A.P.I. Reg.

OUTSIDE DIAMETER - Inches 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 5/32 3 3/4 3 3/4 3 3/4

INSIDE DIAMETER - Inches 3/8 1/2 1 1 1/2 1 7/8 1 1/4

STROKE INCHES 20 20 20 20 20 20

SPECIFICATIONS - BOWEN JAR INTENSIFIER (For Hyd. Jars)

CONNECTION

SPECIFICATIONS - BOWEN FISHING BUMPER SUBS

55

WELL START UP

PURPOSE Well start up program is used to start the well flow by injecting the gas thru the macaroni string which will reduce the hydro static column of liquid in tubing to achieve reservoir pressure is greater than hydrostatic column. PROCEDURE - If a wire line job is necessary (DHSV to be retrieve, zone change,

fluid level check, etc) install the wire line adaptor and perform the wire line job the remove the wire line adaptor.

- Well start up : - Prepare the BHA as per drawing - Install the stripper rubber in stripper bowl. - RIH the mule shoe just above the swab valve, close slips and

snubs and BOP no. 1 Test BPV's at 3000 psi - Open slowly the x-mas tree swab valve and RIH at 300 m. - Every 40 joints of pump the internal volume mac. String to

avoid plugging at BPV. NOTE : •) BPV should also test or surface at 3000 psi •) Mac. pipe should flush with the water •) Function test SDV and anchor the inject line.

- Close the BOP no.1, connect the stabbing valve, on the macaroni and the stand pipe to stabbing valve with rig grade line.

- Test the gas injection line at the maximum gas pressure available.

- Bleed off the pressure, open the well to the burn pit or test barge and start the gas injection.

NOTE : Record kick off pressure, rate of gas and WHFC & WHFT.

56

MACARONI STRING

LANDING NIPPLE

PUP JOINT BPV ONE JOINT MACARONI BPV MULE SHOE

- If the well doesn't flow by it self, close the gas injection, bleed off the macaroni and RIH 200 m deeper.

- Start again the gas injection. - If the well is still not flowing by it self RIH deeper and proceed

as per above steps. - hen the well cam flow by it self, stop the gas injection bleed off

the macaroni. - Open BOP no. 1 and POOH macaroni through the stripper

bowl. - When the mule shoe is just above the swab valve, close it and

bleed off pressure above it. - Remove the equipment. NOTE : The starting up of gas well is more oritical, Particularly

care must be taken to avoid the well starting strongly. After calculation of the teoritical starting point, if no

success R/H the string only 50 m deeper each time. Adjustable choke should be used to control any

damage line.

57

CEMENTATION

I. GENERAL

This S.I. gives example of general procedures to perform a cementation through a macaroni string. However as very LWO is a special case due to the characteristic of the well and of the zone, a special procedure is written every time in the LWO program. These procedures may be applied with or without squeeze in perforation. 1. Run of an open ended macaroni string and spot a

balanced cement plug. This is performed below LS or SS tail pipe.

2. Run of a seal assembly with macaroni in an existing seal bore of the completion (SSD, nipple), the cement plug may be balanced with a spacer of the specific gravity to allow easy access below.

3. Installation of tubing stop + pack off assy and check valve by wire line, then run a macaroni stringer. Therefore when cement is not displaced in balance, the only way to know where is the cement is to check on the volume returned from the well (providing there is no fluid loss in formation).

4. After cement squeeze, reserve circulation can be performed only if a sufficient squeeze off pressure have been reached. This is to prevent over squeeze of cement thus isolation failure. A difference of 1000 psi, between squeeze off pressure and reverse circulation, pressure is required to safely perform reverse circulation. Between 500 to 1000 psi difference, reverse circulation can still be performed by reducing the pump rate. Below 500 psi difference, no reverse circulation should be performed unless in case of emergency the macaroni will then be cleaned on the barge by flushing with water hose.

58

This is performed in tubing when no lower access is needed. Notes : - In procedure 2 & 3 tubing punchers may be

needed to circulate cement in the interval to be isolated.

- The specific gravity of the cement is usually 1.70 gr/cc.

II. PROCEDURE

1. Before starting this job, the wire line must check if the tubing is free of leaks above the zone to cemented, in order to know if reverse circulation can be performed.

2. Prepare BHA 3. Bleed of f the well to the burn pit and kill if necessary. 4. Open the x-mas tree swab valve and RIH macaroni. 5. Check circulation, record parameters. 6. Engage the landing shoe in the nipple and slack off 3000

lbs on it. Close the BOP no. 1 and pressurize the annulus macaroni tubing to check the sealing of the landing shoe.

7. Perform an injectivity test. 8. Of ok, mix the cement slurry. 9. Strip to pull out cement 1 meter. 10. Displace the cement slurry in the macaroni, check return

of the gauge tank. 11. Before the cement reach the bottom of macaroni close

return valve then string in the seal bore and slack 3K lbs. 12. Squeeze cement on the formation (not always required). 13. Pull out macaroni 1 meter and make the reverse

circulation to clear the macaroni from the cement excess (return to the burn bit).

14. An acid flush of 2 bbls of 7.5% HCl may be circulated to the end of macaroni then reverse circulated to remove cement scale.

15. POOH macaroni string.

59 NOTES : - Few days before the job a test will be done to adjust the

concentration of additives mainly retarder, required to get the rhology parameter and thickening time according to the quality of the cement and the type of the type of job to be performed,

Thickening time is usually set between 5 to 7 hours. When the cement slurry is prepared for the job, keep some

samples to check the thickening time. - When cement slurry is pumped and displaced in the macaroni

string. It will go down faster than the pumping rate due to its higher density compared with water.

- To be able to perform reverse circulation no BPV is run the macaroni string.

Therefore if it is necessary to plug the macaroni at the bottom, a plug can be pumped down to the nipple seat.

BHA

60

MAC STRING 1.9 CS HYDRILL 2.9# N80 (should be clean and drift) LANDING NIPPLE STRINGER ON SEAL ASSEMLY

MAX STRING 1.9" CS HYDRILL NO. 90

SEAL LOCATION

TO SEAL AT SSD

MAC. STRING 1.9" CS HYDRILL CROSS OVER 1.900 X 1660 MAC. STRING 1.660" CS HYDRILL MULE SHOE

CONVERTION FACTORS Multiply by To Obtain Millimeter 0.0394 Inches Inch 2.54 Centimeters Centimeter 0.3937 Inches Meter 3.281 Feet Foot 0.3048 Meters Foot 12 Inches Inches 0.0833 Feet Meter 39.370 Inches Square Inch 6.4516 Square Centimeters Square Cm 0.155 Square Inch Square Meter 10.7639 Square Feet Square Feet 0.0929 Square Meters Square Inch 0.00694 Square Feet Kilograms 2.20462 Pounds Tons (Metric) 1000 Kilograms Tons (Metric) 2204.622 Pounds Pounds 0.4536 Kilograms Barrels 5.614 Cubic Feet Barrels 0.15898 Cubic Meters Barrels 42 Gallons Barrels 159 Liters Cubic Feet 7.480 Gallons Cubic Feet 28.316 Liters Liter / Meter 0.00192 Bbl / Ft Liter / Meter 0.0805 Gallon / Ft Cubic Feet Water 62.366 Pounds (600 F) Cubic Meters 6.289 Barrels Cubic Meters 35.3146 Cubic Feet Cubic Meters 264.172 Gallons Gallons 0.02381 Barrels Gallons 0.003785 Cubic Meters Gallons 3.785 Liters Gallon Per Minute 34.296 Barrels Per Day Gallon Per Minute 227.1 Liters Per Hour

61 Multiply by To Obtain Liters 0.2642 Gallons Liters 0.03531 Cubic Feet Atmospheres 14.696 Psi Bars 14.503 Psi

Derrived Constans * Fresh Water Weight : 8.33 pounds per VS gallon Density : 62.4 pounds per cu.ft or 1 kg / ltr. SG : 1 API Gravity : 100 Gradient : 0.433 psi / ft. * Gradient of Substances (psi / ft) Gases : < 0.130 Condensates : 0.230 - 0.290 Oils : 0.290 - 0.390 Waters : 0.420 - 0.495

62

0 . 5 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 8 0 0 . 8 5 0 . 9 0D e p t h G r a v i t y G r a v i t y G r a v i t y G r a v i t y G r a v i t y G r a v i t y G r a v i t y1 0 0 0 1 . 0 2 1 0 1 . 0 2 2 8 1 . 0 2 4 6 1 . 0 2 6 4 1 . 0 2 8 2 1 . 0 2 2 9 1 . 0 3 1 71 5 0 0 1 . 0 3 1 7 1 . 0 3 4 4 1 . 0 3 7 1 1 . 0 3 9 8 1 . 0 4 2 5 1 . 0 4 5 3 1 . 0 4 8 02 0 0 0 1 . 0 4 2 5 1 . 0 4 6 2 1 . 0 4 9 8 1 . 0 5 3 5 1 . 0 5 7 1 1 . 0 6 0 8 1 . 0 6 4 52 5 0 0 1 . 0 5 3 5 1 . 0 5 8 0 1 . 0 6 2 6 1 . 0 6 7 3 1 . 0 7 1 9 1 . 0 7 6 6 1 . 0 8 1 23 0 0 0 1 . 0 6 4 5 1 . 0 7 0 0 1 . 0 7 5 6 1 . 0 8 1 2 1 . 0 8 6 9 1 . 0 9 2 6 1 . 0 9 8 3

3 5 0 0 1 . 0 7 5 6 1 . 0 8 2 2 1 . 0 8 8 8 1 . 0 9 5 4 1 . 1 0 2 1 1 . 1 0 8 8 1 . 1 1 5 64 0 0 0 1 . 0 8 6 9 1 . 0 9 4 5 1 . 1 0 2 1 1 . 1 0 9 8 1 . 1 1 7 5 1 . 1 2 5 3 1 . 1 3 3 14 5 0 0 1 . 0 9 8 3 1 . 1 0 6 9 1 . 1 1 5 6 1 . 1 2 4 3 1 . 1 3 3 1 1 . 1 4 2 0 1 . 1 5 1 05 0 0 0 1 . 1 0 9 8 1 . 1 1 9 4 1 . 1 2 9 2 1 . 1 3 9 0 1 . 1 4 9 0 1 . 1 5 9 0 1 . 1 6 9 15 5 0 0 1 . 1 2 1 4 1 . 1 3 2 1 1 . 1 4 3 0 1 . 1 5 4 0 1 . 1 6 5 0 1 . 1 7 6 2 1 . 1 8 7 5

6 0 0 0 1 . 1 3 3 1 1 . 1 4 5 0 1 . 1 5 7 0 1 . 1 6 9 1 1 . 1 8 1 3 1 . 1 9 3 7 1 . 2 0 6 26 5 0 0 1 . 1 4 5 0 1 . 1 5 8 0 1 . 1 7 1 1 1 . 1 8 4 4 1 . 1 9 7 9 1 . 2 1 1 4 1 . 2 2 5 27 0 0 0 1 . 1 5 7 0 1 . 1 7 1 1 1 . 1 8 5 4 1 . 1 9 9 9 1 . 2 1 4 6 1 . 2 2 9 5 1 . 2 4 4 57 5 0 0 1 . 1 6 9 1 1 . 1 8 4 4 1 . 1 9 9 9 1 . 2 1 5 7 1 . 2 3 1 6 1 . 2 4 7 7 1 . 2 6 4 18 0 0 0 1 . 1 8 1 3 1 . 1 9 7 9 1 . 2 1 4 6 1 . 2 3 1 6 1 . 2 4 8 8 1 . 2 6 6 3 1 . 2 8 4 0

8 5 0 0 1 . 1 9 3 7 1 . 2 1 1 4 1 . 2 2 9 5 1 . 2 4 7 7 1 . 2 6 6 3 1 . 2 8 5 1 1 . 3 0 4 29 0 0 0 1 . 2 0 6 2 1 . 2 2 5 2 1 . 2 4 4 5 1 . 2 6 4 1 1 . 2 8 4 0 1 . 3 0 4 2 1 . 3 2 4 79 5 0 0 1 . 2 1 8 8 1 . 2 3 9 1 1 . 2 5 9 7 1 . 2 8 0 6 1 . 3 0 1 9 1 . 3 2 3 6 1 . 3 4 5 6

1 0 0 0 0 1 . 2 3 1 6 1 . 2 5 3 2 1 . 2 7 5 1 1 . 2 9 7 4 1 . 3 2 0 1 1 . 3 4 3 3 1 . 3 6 6 81 0 5 0 0 1 . 2 4 4 5 1 . 2 6 7 4 1 . 2 9 0 7 1 . 3 1 4 4 1 . 3 3 8 6 1 . 3 6 3 2 1 . 3 8 8 3

1 1 0 0 0 1 . 2 5 7 5 1 . 2 8 1 8 1 . 3 0 6 5 1 . 3 3 1 7 1 . 3 5 7 3 1 . 3 8 3 5 1 . 4 1 0 21 1 5 0 0 1 . 2 7 0 7 1 . 2 9 6 3 1 . 3 2 2 4 1 . 3 4 9 1 1 . 3 7 6 3 1 . 4 0 4 1 1 . 4 3 2 41 2 0 0 0 1 . 2 8 4 0 1 . 3 1 1 0 1 . 3 3 8 6 1 . 3 6 6 8 1 . 3 9 5 6 1 . 4 2 4 9 1 . 4 5 4 91 2 5 0 0 1 . 2 9 7 4 1 . 3 2 5 9 1 . 3 5 5 0 1 . 3 8 4 7 1 . 4 1 5 1 1 . 4 4 6 1 1 . 4 7 7 81 3 0 0 0 1 . 3 1 1 0 1 . 3 4 0 9 1 . 3 7 1 5 1 . 4 0 2 8 1 . 4 3 4 9 1 . 4 6 7 6 1 . 5 0 1 1

1 3 5 0 0 1 . 3 2 4 7 1 . 3 5 6 1 1 . 3 8 8 3 1 . 4 2 1 2 1 . 4 5 4 9 1 . 4 8 9 4 1 . 5 2 4 71 4 0 0 0 1 . 3 3 8 6 1 . 3 7 1 5 1 . 4 0 5 3 1 . 4 3 9 9 1 . 4 7 5 3 1 . 5 1 1 6 1 . 5 4 8 71 4 5 0 0 1 . 3 5 2 6 1 . 3 7 8 1 1 . 4 2 2 5 1 . 4 5 8 7 1 . 4 9 5 9 1 . 5 3 4 0 1 . 5 7 3 11 5 0 0 0 1 . 3 6 6 8 1 . 4 0 2 8 1 . 4 3 9 8 1 . 4 7 7 8 1 . 5 1 6 8 1 . 5 5 6 8 1 . 5 9 7 91 5 5 0 0 1 . 3 8 1 1 1 . 4 1 8 8 1 . 4 5 7 5 1 . 4 9 7 2 1 . 5 3 8 0 1 . 5 8 0 0 1 . 6 2 3 1

1 6 0 0 0 1 . 3 9 5 6 1 . 4 3 4 9 1 . 4 7 5 3 1 . 5 1 6 8 1 . 5 5 9 5 1 . 6 0 3 5 1 . 6 4 8 61 6 5 0 0 1 . 4 1 0 2 1 . 4 5 1 1 1 . 4 9 3 3 1 . 5 3 6 7 1 . 5 8 1 3 1 . 6 2 7 3 1 . 6 7 4 61 7 0 0 0 1 . 4 2 4 9 1 . 4 6 7 6 1 . 5 1 1 6 1 . 5 5 6 8 1 . 6 0 3 5 1 . 6 5 1 5 1 . 7 0 0 91 7 5 0 0 1 . 4 3 9 8 1 . 4 8 4 3 1 . 5 3 0 0 1 . 5 7 7 2 1 . 6 2 5 9 1 . 6 7 6 0 1 . 7 2 7 71 8 0 0 0 1 . 4 5 4 9 1 . 5 0 1 1 1 . 5 4 8 7 1 . 5 9 7 9 1 . 6 4 8 6 1 . 7 0 0 9 1 . 7 5 4 9

G A S G R A D IE N T C O R R E C T IO N F A C T O R S

T o f i n d t h e d o w n h o l e p r e s s u r e , m u l t i p l y t h e s u r f a c e b y t h e f a c t o rc o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e d e p t h a n d g a s g r a v i t y

CALCULATION •) Basic Formula •) Pressure, Area & Force * Ph = 0.052 x P x h Ph = Hydrostatic Pressure, psi Ph = 0.433 x SG x h P = PPG h = depth, ft * Ph = 1.422 x SG x h h = depth, m note : P = SG x 8.33 ppg * F = P x A F = Force, lbs P = Pressure, psi A = Area, sq. inch * A = 1/4π x D2 D = Diameter, inch π = 3.14159 * Snubbing Force * Snub Force = Pressure area Force + Friction = 0.785 x D2 x P + Friction, lbs

63 SNUBBING & PULLING FOR JACK

* Snub. Area = 0.785 x (CB2 - Dp2) x N * Pulling Area = 0.785 x CB2 x N CB = Cylinder bore, inch Dp = Dia. piston, inch N = Number of active

cylinder * Snub. Force = 0.785 x (CB2 - Dp2) x N x P * Pulling Force = 0.785 x CB2 x N x P P = Hydraulic operating

pressure, (psi) BUOYED WEIGHT * Pipe is Empty / Plugged Pipe / BPV (air weight is ommited, BOP Friction & Coupling ignored) W = L x { Pipe wt - 0.0408 x (OD)2 x Mw} W = Amount of effective weight, lbs L = Length of pipe in fluid in the well, ft Pipe Wt = The air weight of the pipe per foot, lbs/ft 0.0408 = (0.785 x 0.052) Mw = Fluid weight in well, ppg. * The pipe has fluid in it (Plugged pipe / BPV) W = L x {Pipe Wt - 0.0408 x (OD)2 x Mw} + Wi Wi = increase in effective string weight (lbs), by filling the

pipe. L = Length of pipe with fluid in it, ft ID = Inside diameter of pipe (inches) 0.0408 = (0.785 x 0.052) Mw = Fluid weight in pipe, ppg.

64

Frictional Force

Applied Snubbing Force

* The if filled with a fluid of a different density than the fluid in the

well. Wd = L x {Pipe Wt + [ID)2 x 0.0408 x Mw1] - [(OD)2 x

0.0408 x Mw2]} Wd = Buoyed weight of pipe in well with different fluid in

its, lbs. L = Length of pipe in fluid in the well, ft Pipe Wt = The air weight of the pipe per foot, lbs / ft 0.0408 = (0785 x 0.052) Mw1 = Fluid weight in pipe, ppg Mw2 = Fluid weight in well, ppg ID = Inside diameter of pipe, inches * Open Ended

W = L x Pipe Wt x {1 - 65.5Mw

}

W = Buoyed weight of open ended pipe, lbs Mw = Fluid weight, ppg

1 - 5.65

Mw = Buoyancy factor

WEIGHT OF TUBING 10.68 X (OD - wall thickness) x wall thickness, lbs / ft * Balanced Point Force up = Force down

L = PipeWt

xWHPxD785.0 2

L = Length of pipe in balanced point condition, ft D = diameter, inch WHP = Well pressure, psi Pipe Wt = The weight of the pipe per foot, ppf = can be changed due to buoyancy factor

65 * Max. Main System Press. when Pushing Pipe Into the well (to prevent buckling)

MSP = )dD(xNx785.0

LoadBucklingCritical%70=

EAForceDown

22

Down Force = Max. Allowable Buckling Load (70% Critical Buckling Load) EA = Effective Jack Area, sq. inch MSP = Main System Pressure D = Cylinder ID, inch d = Piston Rod Diameter, inch * Jack Speed Calculation •) Applying a Snubbing Force

Speed = )DpBc(xN

51.24xQ22 , ft / mnt

•) Applying a Lifting Force

Speed = 2BcxN51.24xQ

, ft / mnt

•) Operating in *)Regenerative mode :

Speed = 2DpxN51.24xQ

, ft / mnt

•) Lifting Force Regenerative mode : Force = PxDpxNx785.0 2 , lbs

66

Where : • Q = The volumetric output of the power pack (to the

jack) at the operating pressure, GPM • Speed = The Jack Speed, ft / min • N = Number of active cylinders • Bc = Cylinder Bore, inch • Dp = Piston Rod Diameter, inch • Force = Lift Force generated in regenerative mode, lbs • P = Hydraulic Operating Pressure, psi *) Regenerative Mode : also known as operating in high

gear. It may be used in addition to by passing two cylinders. Hydraulic oil from above the pistons is routed to the hydraulic cylinders below the pistons to augment the supply from the power pack. This will increasing the speed off the jack and reducing the load capacity.

67

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER SCHEMATIC

REGENERATIVE OPERATING MODE

68

Piston Rod Diameter

Cylinder Bore

Hydraulic Pressure To Snub Hydraulic Pressure To Lift

Regenerative Hydraulic Fluid

Hydraulic To Lift

* Calculate Capacity

•) String Capacity = 1029ID2

Bbl / ft

ID : Inside dia. of tubular good

•) Annulus Capacity = 1029

ODID 22

Bbl / ft

ID : Inside dia. of production tubing, inch OD : Outside dia. of macaroni, inch •) Displacement Capacity - open pipe

displacement capacity = 1029

IDOD 22

Bbl / ft

- plugged pipe (w/BPV)

displacement capacity = 1029OD2

Bbl / ft

ID : Inside dia. of macaroni OD : Outside dia. of macaroni •) 1 cycle (surface to bit - bit to surface) = String capacity + annulus capacity

69 * Useful Data for Volume Calculation Tubing Size Internal Vol. (l/m) 2 8

3 EUE 2.02

2 87 EUE 3.02

3 21 VAM 4.54

4 21 VAM 7.94

Hydrill Tubing Internal Vol. (l/m) Steel Vol. (l/m) 1.315 (N80) 0.5570 0.332 1.660 (N80) 0.9662 0.430 1.900 (N80) 1.3140 0.520 1.900 (P105/P110) 1.1400 0.650 Annulus Vol. (Macaroni OD to Tubing ID) (l/m) Hydrill Tubing 2 8

3 2 87 3 2

1 4 21

1.315 (N80) 1.131 2.131 3.660 7.060 1.660 (N80) 0.6238 1.6238 3.140 6.530 1.900 (N80) 0.186 1.186 2.707 6.110 1.900 (P105/P110) 0.23 1.23 2.707 6.110

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ACCUMULATOR SIZING •) Useable Volume = 1.5 x Volume to close - open - close All

Preventers •) Bottle Volume = 2 x Useable Volume (3000 psi WP) Ex : Stack has 4 rams Volume to close each ram 0.64 Gal Volume to open each ram 0.68 Gal Sizing Calculation Useable Volume = 1.5 x 4 (0.64 + 0.68 + 0.64) = 11.76 Gal Bottle Volume = 2 x 11.76 = 23.52 Gal Each Bottle = 10 Gal

Bottle required = 10

52.23= 2.35 ≈ 3 bottles

RAM TO RAM METHOD In case of high pressure condition (above 1500 psi), the snubbing operation is performed with ram to ram running / pulling method. This method is done by activate stripper rams no. 1 and no. 2. •) Useable Volume = 1.5 x Volume to close - open - close All

Preventers

71 RAM TO RAM METHOD In case of high pressure condition (above 1500 psi), the snubbing operation is performed with ram to ram running / pulling method. This method is done by activate stripper rams no. 1 and no. 2. •) Ram to Ram Method - Running ① •) Lowered macaroni until just above

swab valve •) Closed stripper rams 2 ② •) Open the swab valve •) Lowered macaroni until the tool

joint just above stripper rams 2 •) Closed stripper rams 1 •) Equalize pressure

72

SWAB VALVE CLOSED

SWAB VALVE OPEN

③ •) Opened stripper rams 2 •) Lowered macaroni until the next

tool joint just above stripper no. 1. ④ •) Closed stripper no. 2 •) Bleed off pressure between

stripper no. 1 and no. 2.

73 ⑤ •) After bleeding pressure opened

stripper no. 1. •) Lowered macaroni until toll joint

just above stripper no. 2 and below stripper no. 1.

⑥ •) Closed stripper no.1. •) Equalize pressure •) Back to step no. 3 and so on.

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RAM TO RAM PULLING ① •) Closed stripper rams no. 1 •) Pull macaroni until tool joint just

below stripper no.1. ② •) Closed stripper no. 2 •) Bleed off pressure between

stripper no. 1 and no. 2.

75 ③ •) Opened stripper no. 1 •) Pull macaroni until the next tool

joint just below stripper no. 2. ④ •) Closed stripper no. 1 •) Equalize pressure

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⑤ •) Back to the step no. 1 and so on •) At the last joint pull macaroni

string until just the swab valve •) Closed swab valve •) Bleed off pressure above swab

valve ⑥ •) Opened stripper ram no.1 •) Finish

77 78

Swab Valve Closed