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SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS

A closer look into vision and hearing impairments.

By Jaime Rooks

DEFINITION OF THE DISABILITY

A hearing impairment is when there is a problem with or damage to one or more parts of the ear.

It is broken down into conductive hearing loss which is a problem with the outer or middle ear, including the ear canal, eardrum, or ossicles. Sensor neural hearing impairments which results from damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve. The most common type is caused by the outer hair cells not functioning correctly.

DEFINITION OF THE DISABILITY.

Visual impairment is a term describing any kind of vision loss. It may range from having partial vision loss to not being able to see at all.

It is broken down into low vision, legally blind or totally blind.

Hearing impairments

Conductive Hearing

*Ear infections* Tear or hole in

ear drum

Can be caused by:

Sensor neural hearing impairments

*Genetics*Injuries

*Infections/Illnesses

Effects about 1 out of every 10

people

Visual Impairments

Before BirthInheritedInfection

(like German Measles)

Can be caused by After Birth

Accident ( car or sport usually)

GlaucomaMacular

degeneration

Effects about 10 million people in

the United States alone

BEHAVIORAL/PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENTS.

• Uses loud voice when speaking.

• Does not respond when addressed.

•Distracted easily by visual or auditory stimuli.

• Lack of, or delayed in development of

speech and language

BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS.

1. Effects eye movement abilities* Head turns as reads across page* Displays short attention span while reading

or copying.

2. Eye teaming abilities* Complains of seeing double* Tilts head extremely while working at a desk.

3. Eye-hand coordination* Repeatedly confuses left-right directions.

* Writes crookedly or slants on lined paper.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Visual impairments

Reddened eyes or lids Frequent sties on lids. Eyes tear excessively

Encrusted eyes One eye tilts in or out at

any time.

EDUCATIONAL NEEDS FOR VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS.

Braille Books

Magnification system

Large print text books

EDUCATIONAL NEEDS FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENTS.

Hearing aids

Sign interpreters

Sound field amplification

system

Assistive listening devices

Cochlear implants

Visual impairmentsVisually Impairedwww.macular.healthprofessor.comVision impairment in children www.comeunity.com/disabiity/vision/index.html

Visual Impairments: An overviewBy: Ien Laurence Bailey & Amanda BallA look into our i’sBy: Jakeem Burell-EI

Hearing impairmentsListen up web- Resources for the deaf and hard of hearing. www.listen-up.org

Children and hearing impairments. www.articlesbase.com

When the hearing gets hard: Whining the battle against hearing impairments. By: Elaine SussHearing Impairments: An Invisible disability By: Norman P. Erber

Resources

ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED.Light Housewww.lighthouse.org

Local chapters of the American Council of the Blind.www.abc.org/affilliates/index.html

American Foundation for the blind.www.afb.org

ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED.

National Organization of the Deafwww.nad.org

Hearing Loss Association of Americawww.hearingloss.org

Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.www.nc.agbell.org/netcommunity/page.aspx?pid=348

PARENT RESOURCES

Children with Visual Impairments: A Guide for parents.

By: M. Cay Holbrook. A Parents Guide to Special Education

for Children with Visual Impairments.By: Susan Laventure. Kids Healthwww.kidshealth.org/parent

PARENT RESOURCES Deaf-Ability, not Disability: A Guide for the

Parents with Hearing Impaired Children.By: Wendy McCracken & Hilary Sutherland Children with Hearing Loss: A Family Guide.By: David Luterman

SUCCESS IN A CLASSROOM

Visual Hearing

Have classroom materials transferred into his/her appropriate reading medium such as Braille or large print.

Use real objects as much as possible.

Read aloud anything written on the board.

Allow the student(s) to move flexibly in order to gain the best view of the board.

Use visual materials.

Use of sigh language or a sign interpreter.

Modify the acoustical environment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Low vision.comwww.lowvision.com/services/natural-resources/

Teaching students with sensory impairments

Strategies for mainstream teachers.http://www.trinity.edu/org/sensoryimpairments/VI/DIP/dip_toc.htm

Kids health (hearing impairments)http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/

hearing_impairment.html#

Kids health (visual impairments)http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/

visual_impairment.html

Wikipedia the free encyclopediawww.wikipedia.org

Light house internationalwww.lighthouseinternational.org