SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18 th , 2008 SNOLAB: A New International Facility for Underground Astroparticle Physics T. Noble Queen’s University
Jan 13, 2016
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB: A New International Facility for
Underground Astroparticle Physics
T. Noble Queen’s University
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
3 Our model of how the Sun burns is very accurate.
2 Neutrinos must have a finite mass. New physics !
From SNO we learned a lot about neutrinos… and the Universe
Imagine an apple falls off a tree, when it lands on the ground, it’s a banana! Thirty year old puzzle about neutrinos has been solved.
4 The mass of neutrinos alone is not enough to cause a “Big Crunch”
Neutrinos are changing from one flavour to another between the sun and the earth!
1
5 Neutrino masses are insufficient to account for all Dark Matter.
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Precision Astronomy has taught us a lot about the Universe we live in…
We live here
~70% Energy ~30% Matter
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Composition of the Universe
Embarrassing Fact:
~95% of the Universe cannot be accounted for in terms of mass and energy.
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
A number of extremely fundamental questions can be addressed by the scientific program of SNOLAB:
What is Dark Matter?
Is there a new symmetry of nature (Supersymmetry or …) that will reveal itself at higher energies?
Why is the Universe dominated by matter, and how did this asymmetry come about?
What are the neutrino masses, and how have they contributed to the structure and evolution of the Universe?
How were the heavy elements formed in Supernovae, and what is the role of neutrinos in that process. How do cosmic accelerators work?
What is the mechanism responsible for neutrino oscillations in the sun
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB
A new International Facility for Underground Science.
SNO Established Canada as a World Leader in AstroParticle Physics.
Major advances in Astroparticle Physics and
precision Astronomy have led to a new view of the Universe
and its contents.
Many of the fundamental questions being posed can
be addressed in a deep, clean and dedicated underground facility.
SNO Site unique in the World as deepest clean
laboratory space.
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB Underground facilities
SNO
Rectangular Hall
LadderUtilities
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Excavation Clean Rm LaboratoryArea Volume Area Volume Area Volume
Existing
Existing+ Phase I
Existing
+ Phase I &I I
20,049 f t2 582,993 f t3 12,196 f t2 470,360 f t3 8,095 f t2 412,390 f t3
1,863 m2 16,511 m3 1,133 m2 13,321 m3 752 m2 11,679 m3
65,340 f t2 1,367,488 f t3 41,955 f t2 1,049,393 f t3 26,117 f t2 837,604 f t3
6,072 m2 38,728 m3 3,899 m2 29,719 m3 2,427 m2 23,721 m3
77,636 f t2 1,647,134 f t3 53,180 f t2 1,314,973 f t3 32,877 f t2 1,043,579 f t3
7,215 m2 46,648 m3 4,942 m2 37,241 m3 3,055 m2 29,555 m3
Laboratory Space
SNO: 752 m2 lab space single experiment
SNOLAB: 3,055 m2 lab space ~4 large experiments, several medium/small
4 x the space
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
A Brief History of SNOLABConstruction• 2001 Canada Foundation for Innovation Calls for proposals…International Joint
Venture fund.• 2002 Somebody has the bright idea that we should apply.• 2002 April. FedNor Provides 95k$ to develop proposal.• 2002 Funding awarded by CFI 38.9 M$ for underground facility.• 2003 Funding awarded (OIT, FedNor, NOHFC, CFI) 10.4 M$ for surface facility.• 2004 June. Construction of building begins….after the ground thaws enough.• 2004 June. Excavation of Phase I begins underground. • 2005 July. Surface building complete and occupied. Old construction trailers
demolished with excessive enthusiasm.• 2007 June. Excavation of Phase I complete• 2007 June. Excavation of Phase II begins• 2007 August. Funding for Phase II approved• 2008 May-June Excavation of Phase II complete• 2008 October. Entire Facility to be complete….about 2 months ahead of
schedule.
Operations:• NSERC Funding for Operations: 2.8 M$ over 2 years• CFI Funding for Operations 2.8 M$ over 2 years• Province of Ontario 18 M$ over 6 years.
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB
Scientific Program
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB Physics Program (1)
What is the “missing” dark matter in the Universe?
Direct Search for Dark Matter
DEAP/CLEAN Liquid Argon(prototype running)
MiniClean LAr & LNe
PICASSO Superheated droplets(operational)
SuperCDMS Ge
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB Physics Program (2)
What are the properties of neutrinos and how have the shaped the structure and formation of the
Universe?
Why do we live in a matter dominated Universe? Where has all the anti-matter gone?
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
EXO Liquid xenon(developing detector)
SNO+ Nd in Liquid Scint.(seeking construction funds)
Solar-, Geo- & Reactor-Neutrinos
SNO+
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB Physics Program (3)
What mechanism causes cataclysmic Supernova explosions of stars in their death throes?
Supernova Monitoring
HALO Operating funds in hand
SNO+
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
What is required to advance these areas of science?
Events are extremely rare:
– Requires massive experiments
– Requires very low background environment
• Deep underground site
• Clean lab
SNOLAB
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB
Personnel facilities
SNO Cavern
Ladder Labs
Cube Hall Phase IICryopit
UtilityArea
2008: DEAP/CLEAN 3600,MiniCLEAN 360?
Now:DEAP-1
2008: SNO+
2008: HALO?
Now:PICASSO-II
New large scale project.
2009: SuperCDMS ?
2009: PICASSO IIB?2009: EXO-200-Gas?
Installation of experiments:
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Why Make These Studies Underground?
This was first considered by Pliny the Elder, about 2000 years ago
'Esistono persone cosi pazze da andare all'interno di profonde miniere per osservare le stelle del cielo'.
“There exist people crazy enough as to go into deep mines to study the stars in the sky.”
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Ironically, Pline l’Ancien died soon afterwards...
in the eruption of Vesuvius...
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB
Construction Status
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Surface Facilities
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Surface Facilities• High ceiling clean laboratory
space
• Clean transfer room
• Low background counting facilities.
• Computing/network infrastructure
• Meeting rooms/auditorium
• Office space
• Change facilities for Underground access
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Personnel facilities
SNO Cavern
Ladder Labs
Cube Hall
Cryopit
UtilityArea
Excavation Status
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Lab Entry
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Lab Entry
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
PersonnelFacility
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
PersonnelFacility
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
LadderLabs
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Cube Hall
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Excavation Status
The last excavation,the Cryopit, was completed in May
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Cryopit
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Chiller
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
SNOLAB Schedule
• Phase I (Cube Hall, Ladder Labs, Lab Entrance)– Excavation 100% complete.
– Outfitting began June 2007. Now very advanced.
– Cube Hall cleaning, painting, services began in Jan 2008. Spaces available now for experimental infrastructure installation.
• Phase II (Cryopit)– Funding announced Aug 2007. Excavation now complete.
– Outfitting well advanced now.
– Ready for occupancy mid/end 2008. Final infrastructure (Chiller, MPC, waste water plant) October 2008 (now two months ahead of schedule).
• Surface Facility– Operational since 2005.
• Experimental Program– Initial assignments of space underground.
– Current allocations to: PICASSO, DEAP I, SNO+, DEAP/CLEAN, SuperCDMS. MiniCLEAN
– Anticipated (awaiting formal application to SNOLAB) EXOgas 200, HALO, COUPP?
SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008
Summary
• SNOLAB has great potential to address many of the most fundamental questions in subatomic physics today.
• Lab is ready now to begin installation of experiment specific infrastructure.
– Construction schedule a few months ahead of schedule…→ more infrastructure
– Skilled technical staff, engineering and scientific support.
• Several smaller sized programs (PICASSO, DEAP-1, PUPS) already operational
• The larger experimental program is making good progress, experiments are requesting capital support and/or building detector components off site now.
SNOLAB is open for business! Highest priority now is to get experiments fully
funded. designed, reviewed and installed.