1 | Page Summer Internship Project Report On SMS Gateway and Routing to Banks Carried Out At IDRBT Hyderabad 15 th May 2014 to 11 th July 2014 Submitted By: Guided By: Kuldeep Kaushik Dr. V. N. Sastry Roll No: 1101CS22 Professor B. Tech. CSE, (3 rd year) IDRBT Hyderabad Indian Institute of Technology Patna
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Summer Internship
Project Report
On SMS Gateway and Routing to Banks
Carried Out At
IDRBT Hyderabad
15th May 2014 to 11th July 2014
Submitted By: Guided By: Kuldeep Kaushik Dr. V. N. Sastry
Roll No: 1101CS22 Professor
B. Tech. CSE, (3rd year) IDRBT Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology Patna
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Acknowledgement
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting my summer internship report. I
would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to the
people, who have contributed their valuable time for helping me to successfully
complete this internship.
With great pleasure and acknowledgement i extend my deep gratitude to Shri
B. Sambamurthy Director, IDRBT Hyderabad, for giving me opportunity to
accomplish internship at this esteemed organization.
It is my profound privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. V. N.
Sastry Professor, IDRBT Hyderabad for his precious guidance, constructive
encouragement and support throughout the internship tenure and he helped
selflessly during each phase of development of the project. Without his help and
guidance, it was really difficult to complete this project on time.
I also thankful to Dr. N. Raghu Kisore, Assistant Professor, IDRBT Hyderabad and
Shri Patrick Kishore, Chief Operating Officer, IDRBT Hyderabad for their guidance
and support.
Finally, I would like to thank to Institute for Development and Research in
Banking Technology Hyderabad for conducting such kind of training and I am
also grateful to all the other people who were directly or indirectly helped me in
my summer internship.
Kuldeep Kaushik
B. Tech. (3rd Year)
Computer Science and Engineering
IIT Patna
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Certificate
This is to certify that the summer internship project report entitled SMS
Gateway and Routing to Banks submitted by Kuldeep Kaushik, B. Tech. (3rd
Year) in Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Patna to Institute of
Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad is a
record of bonafide work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance
To set up an SMS gateway such that all customers can send an SMS for a transaction to a common short code or long code irrespective of their banks.
Then the SMS received can be routed to the respective banks to perform the transaction.
1.2 Motivation
Currently if the customers of a bank have to perform a transaction then they have to send the
SMS to the short codes of their banks. i.e. suppose Ram having an account in Axis Bank wants
to transfer Rs. 20000 to Mohan`s account in ICICI Bank then he has to send a SMS to the short
code of Axis Bank and after receiving the SMS the axis bank will debit the money from his
account and ask ICICI Bank to credit the money to Mohan`s account. So here the short code
is bank dependent.
So it desired to set up an SMS gateway such that all customers can send SMS for transaction
to a common short code irrespective to their banks and after receiving the SMS this gateway
will route the SMS to the respective banks.
1.3 SMS
SMS is Short Message Service which can be sent over the wireless channel using certain
standardized communication methods over the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7
protocol. The GSM 7-bit alphabet encoding scheme limits the maximum payload length to
160 alphanumeric characters.
First SMS Was sent in December 1992, to a Vodafone device and this SMS was sent by Neil
Papworth, saying “Merry Christmas”.
Guaranteed delivery: if the wireless mobile device of recipient is switched off, out of range
or if there is a network outage, the SMS message will be stored in the Short Message Service
Center (SMSC) of the receiver Telco and delivered when the recipient announces its presence,
or when the outage is rectified. This is the basis of the store-and-forward concept.
Note: The actual limit of size of SMS is 160 characters if Latin alphabets are used. If non-Latin
alphabets like Chinese or Arabic are used, the limit is 70 characters.
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1.4 Working of SMS
SMS works as follows:
Once a message is sent by the sender, it is received by a Short Message Service Center
(SMSC).
Then SMSC sends a SMS Request to the Home Location Register (HLR) to find whether
the customer is in roaming and the device is active or not. Once the HLR receives the
request, it will respond to the SMSC with the subscriber's status:
1) Inactive or Active
2) Whether subscriber is in roaming.
If the response is "inactive", then the SMSC will hold onto the message for a period of
time called validity period (generally 2 days). When the subscriber accesses his device, the
HLR sends a SMS Notification to the SMSC, and then SMSC will attempt delivery.
The SMSC receives verification that the message was received by the end user, then
categorizes the message as "sent" and will not attempt to send again.
The basic network structure of the SMS in an IS–41 network.
Short Message Service Center (SMSC): SMSC is a combination of hardware and software
responsible for the storing and forwarding of a short message between a Short Message
Entity (SME) and mobile device. The SMS message will be stored at this location on a FIFO
basis. Its purpose is to store, forward, convert and deliver SMS messages. In this way, if one’s
phone is switched off or the storage for SMS is full, the SMSC will retain any messages until
the user can receive them. The SMSC must have high reliability, subscriber capacity, and
message throughput. In addition, the system should be easily scalable to accommodate
growing demand for SMS in the network.
So the tasks of an SMSC can be described as
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1. Reception of text messages (SMS) from wireless network users. 2. Storage of text messages. 3. Forwarding of text messages. 4. Delivery of text messages (SMS) to wireless network users. 5. Maintenance of unique time stamps in text messages.
Home Location Register (HLR): The Home Location Register (HLR), an integral part of any
cellular network, contains the data relevant to network subscribers: their status and location.
Thus routing information on how to access them. The SMSC will interrogate the HLR in order
to obtain routing information for SMSs submitted, destined for mobile recipients.
The HLR will also inform the SMSC if previously unavailable subscribers have now registered
on the network, allowing the delivery of messages that were buffered in the SMSC for those
users. So the HLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers who
are in roaming. It checks whether the device is active or inactive.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC): The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) delivers the short
message to the specific mobile subscriber through the proper base station. MSC acts like a
switching hub in an Ethernet network. It switches the data between users on the network, in
accordance with the routing information provided by the HLR.
Signal Transfer Point (STP): A Signal Transfer Point (STP) is a router that relays SS7 messages
between signalling end-points (SEPs) and other signalling transfer points (STPs). Typical SEPs
include service switching points (SSPs) and service control points (SCPs).
SMPP: It stands for the Short Message Peer to Peer and it’s a protocol which is used to
exchange the SMS between SMSC and external entities.
1.5 SMS structure
The SMS structure is used to create and read an SMS. The structure contains the following
members:
Receive Date: Date and time when the SMS was received.
Attempt Boolean: Indicates whether the message must be sent on a regular basis if no
reception. It is true by default.
Subscript: Integer corresponding to the subscript of the incoming SMS.
Message: Character string containing the outgoing message or the incoming message (up to
160 characters).
Number: Character string containing the recipient number or the sender number.
Country Prefix: Character string containing the international prefix (91 for India). If the
recipient number starts with "0" and if a national prefix is specified, "0" will be replaced by
this prefix. If no national prefix is specified, use a number in international format. For example
916123456789.
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Number Type: Indicates the type of number used:
SMS International Number: These numbers can be accessed from anywhere and they are in
94.xx.xx.xx.xx format. It is default value.
SMS National Number: short numbers, accessible within the country.
Members Data Type Length
Receive Date Char 6
Attempt Boolean Char 1
Message Char 160 (Max)
Number Char 10
Country Prefix Char 2
1.6 SMS having more than 160 characters
When SMS has more than 160 characters then the sending device (mobile phone) splits the
message in parts. User Data Header (UDH) will be assigned to beginning of each message part
so that receiving device can identify them as belonging to a single message and recombine
them.
The UDH look like this:
The last two hex values will be the most important values in the UDH.
The second to last digit is 02 in the above codes defines the total number of parts in the
message. So, this message was split into two parts. If three parts were available, then this
value should be 03, and so on.
The next digit defines the part number of the message. 01 means it’s the first part, 02 mean
the second part, etc.
A concatenated SMS is formed from several standards SMS containing a 7 byte concatenation
header at the beginning of each one. Since this 7 byte header is within the message so it
reduces the total size of the SMS to 153 characters each.
1.7 Short Codes and Long Codes
Short Codes:
Short codes are special telephone numbers, significantly shorter than full telephone
numbers.
Short codes are designed to be easier to read and remember than normal telephone
numbers.
They are costly compared to long code due to more demand and less availability.
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Limited to national Borders.
Short code generally rented for a short term.
Short codes are widely used for value-added services such as television program voting,
ordering ringtones, charity donations and mobile services.
Long Codes:
Long codes are the same length as a traditional telephone number.
Long Code is very cheaper than Short Code.
International accessibility
Assigned for long term.
SMS sending rate for long code is 1 SMS/Second but for Short Code it is 40 SMS/Second.
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Chapter 2: Literature Survey
SMS is the most widely used data application, with an estimated 3.9 billion active users, or
about 85% of all mobile phone subscribers at the end of 2013. The term "SMS" is used for
both the user activity and all types of short text messaging in many parts of the world.
These were defined in 1985 as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
series of standards as a means of sending messages of up to 160 characters to and from GSM
mobile handsets. Though most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, support
for the service has expanded to include other mobile technologies, such as ANSI CDMA
networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks.
The first SMS message was sent over the Vodafone GSM network in the United Kingdom on
3 December 1992, from Neil Papworth of Sema Group (now Mavenir Systems) using a
personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using an Orbitel 901 handset. The text of
the message was “Merry Christmas.”
The first commercial deployment of a short message service center (SMSC) was by Aldiscon
part of Logica (now part of Acision) with Telia (now TeliaSonera) in Sweden in 1993, followed
by Fleet Call (now Nextel) in the US, Telenor in Norwayand BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) later in
1993. All first installations of SMS gateways were for network notifications sent to mobile
phones, usually to inform of voice mail messages. The first commercially sold SMS service was
offered to consumers, as a person-to-person text messaging service by Radiolinja (now part
of Elisa) in Finland in 1993. Most early GSM mobile phone handsets did not support the ability
to send SMS text messages, and Nokia was the only handset manufacturer whose total GSM
phone line in 1993 supported user-sending of SMS text messages.
Initial growth of SMS was slow, with customers in 1995 sending on average only 0.4 messages
per GSM customer per month. One factor in the slow take up of SMS was that operators were
slow to set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and eliminate billing fraud
which was possible by changing SMSC settings on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of
other operators. Initially, networks in the UK only allowed customers to send messages to
other users on the same network, limiting the usefulness of the service. This restriction was
lifted in 1999.
Over time, this issue was eliminated by switch billing instead of billing at the SMSC and by
new features within SMSCs to allow blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages
through it. By the end of 2000, the average number of messages reached 35 per user per
month and on Christmas Day 2013, over 320 million messages were sent in the UK alone. It is
also alleged that the fact that roaming customers, in the early days, rarely received bills for
their SMSs after holidays abroad which gave a boost to text messaging as an alternative to
voice calls.
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Text messaging outside GSM: SMS was originally designed as part of GSM, but is now
available on a wide range of networks, including 3G networks.However, not all text messaging
systems use SMS, and some notable alternative implementations of the concept include J-
Phone's SkyMail and NTT Docomo's Short Mail, both in Japan. Email messaging from phones,
as popularized by NTT Docomo's i-mode and the RIM BlackBerry, also typically uses standard
mail protocols such as SMTP over TCP/IP.
SMS Now a days: In 2013, 6.9 trillion SMS text messages were sent. This translates into an
average of 193,000 SMS per second. SMS has become a huge commercial industry, earning
$125 billion globally in 2013. The global average price for an SMS message is US$0.11, while
mobile networks charge each other interconnect fees of at least US$0.04 when connecting
between different phone networks.
While SMS is still a growing market, traditional SMS is becoming increasingly challenged by
alternative messaging services available on smart phones with data connections, especially in
Western countries where these services are growing in popularity.
With the growing popularity SMS is considered to be an alternative for banking services. So
SMS banking was started for customers.
On SMS Gateway few studies were conducted
1. Short Message Service using SMS Gateway Veena K.Katankar et. al. / (IJCSE) International
Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 04, 2010, 1487-1491
This explained about short messaging service (SMS) system for delivering messages through
SMS gateway. Main goal of their system was to provide multilevel local authentication to the
SMS gateway service. This service can be implemented in any multi departmental
organization where SMS service is used for notification system and marketing purpose.
Proposed system has web interface and the encryption method for providing service.
2. SMS: The Short Message Service Jeff Brown, Bill Shipman, and Ron Vetter University of
North Carolina, Wilmington, IEEE Computer Society, December 2007, Vol. 40 no. 12, pp.
106-110
This explained about the SMS specification, SMS concepts and system architecture, short
codes, long codes, e-mail gateways, SMS centers.
3. A Web Service Gateway for SMS-based Services Giuseppe Attardi, Daniele Picciaia,
Antonio Zoglio Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Pisa – Italy,