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NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
* Presented at the TM/WS on Topical Issues on Infrastructure
Development:
Managing the development of a national infrastructure for
Nuclear Power Plants 24-27 January 2012
Board Room, Vienna International Centre, Austria
SMR APPLICATION STUDY in INDONESIA:
case study for Kalimantan Site*
Yohannes Sardjono Centre for Accelerator and Material Process
Technology
Jl. Babarsari Yogyakarta INDONESIA T.: 62-274-488435/484436,
F.:62-274-487824, email:[email protected]
Indonesia
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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICITY
ENERGY DEMAND
ROLE OF ENERGY AND MINERAL SECTOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR
ELECTRICITY CENTRAL KALIMANTAN CASE STUDY OF
NUCLEAR ENERGY – THE NEED TO SUPPORT ELECTRICITY AND MINING
INDUSTRY
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SMR SUMMARY Appendix: Questionnaire
for a Potential
Country- User of SMR
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1. National Condition of
Electricity
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Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
-
Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
KALIMANATAN SUMATERA MALUKU & PAPUA SULAWESI
BALI, WEST & EAST NUSA TENGGARA JAVA
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6
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Electrification
ratio
8% 16% 28% 43% 53% 62% 63% 64.34% 65,10% 65,79%
Tahun
NAD 89,81%
Sumut 76,92%
Sumbar 70,54%
Riau + Kepri 59,98%
Sumsel 55,96%
Bengkulu 59,64%
Babel 65,98%
Lampung 53,36%
Jakarta 100%
Banten 69,89%
Jabar 66,61% Jateng
69,17%
Jambi 57,92%
Jogya 76,59%
Jatim 64,38%
Bali 73,24%
NTB 32.79%
NTT 28,56%
Kalbar 54,96%
Kalteng 51,06%
Kalsel 67,32%
Kaltim 70.59%
Sulut 63,35%
Gorontalo 45,36%
Sulteng 52,60%
Sultra 47,19%
Sulsel 68,19%
Malut 59,13%
Maluku 68,23%
Papua + Irjabar 31,86%
Category : > 60 %
41 - 60 %
20 - 40 %
Sulbar 36,89%
NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRIFICATION RATIO (2009)
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1152
.4
1152
.4
0.0
DM BP BL
SUMBAGUT
1739
,5
1706
,9
33,2
DM BP
SUMBAGSEL
BL
123,
90
120,
00
DM BP BL
PONTIANAK
11,20
15,95
-4,7
5
DM BP
TERNATE
BL
159,
20
157,
80
1,40
DM BP
MINAHASA
BL
45,3 0 52,00
-6
,70 DM BP
PALU
BL
423,
60
540
-116
,40
DM BP
SULSEL
BL
33,80
38,00
-4,2
0
DM BP
KENDARI
BL
22,5
5
35,6
0
-13,
05
DM BP
AMBON
BL
37,70
40,93
-3,2
3
DM BP
JAYAPURA
BL
30,9
0
30,7
0 0,2
0
DM BP
KUPANG
BL
82,3
5
109,
66
-27,
31
DM BP
LOMBOK
BL
21.5
11
17.2
11
4.30
0
DM BP BL
JAMALI
223,
26
223,
00
0,26
DM BP
MAHAKAM
BL
21,4
0
19,03
2,37
DM BP
BELITUNG
BL
235,
00
202,
10
32,9
0
DM BP
BATAM
BL
16,95
16,95
0,00
DM BP BL
SAMPIT
LEGEND: DM : Available capacity, MW BP : Peak load, MW BL :
Balance (=DM-BP), MW
Normal Attention Deficit
242,2
0
242,2
0
0,00
DM BP BL
BARITO
29,0
38,0
TJ PINANG
9,0
11
43,9
5
48,2
8
-4,3
3
DM BP
BANGKA
BL 11
42,8
4
43,0
0
0,16
DM BP
SINGKAWANG
BL
20,1
0
15,8
0 4,30
DM BP
BONTANG
BL
31,3 5 32,8 0 -
1,45
DM BP
GORONTALO
BL
5,02
6,73
1,71
DM BP
POSO
BL 3,
90
11
NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (2010)
BL
-
8
Grissik Palembang
Semarang
Pacific Ocean
AUSTRALIA
Indian Ocean
Bangkok
Phnom Penh
Ban Mabtapud
Ho Chi Minh City
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
THAILAND LAOS
Khanon
Songkhla
Erawan
Bangkot
Lawit Jerneh
WEST MALAYSIA
Penang
Kerteh
Kuala Lumpur
Manila
Philipines South
China
Sea
Natuna Alpha
Kota Kinibalu BRUNEI
Bandara Seri Begawan
Bintulu EAST
MALAYSIA
Kuching
Banda Aceh
Lhokseumawe
Medan
Duri
Padang
Jambi
Bintan SINGAPORE
Samarinda
Balikpapan
Bontang
Attaka Tunu
Bekapai KALIMANTAN
Banjarmasin
Manado
SULAWESI
Ujung Pandang
BURU SERAM
Ternate HALMAHERA
Sorong
IRIAN JAYA
Jakarta J A V A
Surabaya Bangkalan
BALI SUMBAWA
Pagerungan
LOMBOK
FLORES
SUMBA TIMOR
I N D O N E S I A
Duyong West Natuna
Port Dickson
Port Klang
Mogpu
Dumai
Batam
Guntong
MADURA
Jamali : • Power plant : 23.009 MW • 500 kV: 5,048 kms • 150 kV:
12,234 kms • 70 kV: 3,671 kms • JTM : 128.364 kms • JTR : 217.912
kms
Sumatera : •Power plant : 4.948 MW • 275 kV: 782 kms • 150 kV:
8,572 kms • 70 kV: 334 kms • JTM : 72.131 kms • JTR : 77.431
kms
Kalimantan : • Power plant : 1.175 MW • 150 kV: 1,305 kms • 70
kV: 123 kms • JTM : 23.695 kms • JTR : 21.441 kms
Sulawesi : • Power plant: 1.195 MW • 150 kV: 1.957 kms • 70 kV:
505 kms • JTM : 23.017 kms • JTR : 23.795 kms
Jayapura
Merauke Nusa Tenggara: •Power plant : 265 MW • JTM : 7.473 kms •
JTR : 7.315 kms
Maluku : • Power plant : 185 MW • JTM : 4.484 kms • JTR : 2.337
kms
Papua : • Power plant : 168 MW • JTM : 1.999 kms • JTR : 3.531
kms
•Status:Feb 2010
NATIONAL CONDITION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OF ELECTRICITY (2010)
: Existing transmission
: Planned transmission
: Power plant
TOTAL • Power plant : 30,941 MW • Distribution lines: - 500 KV :
5,092 kms - 275 KV : 782 kms - 150 KV : 23,679 kms - 70 KV : 4,619
kms - JTM : 261,163 kms - JTR : 353,762 kms
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2. Energy Demand:
- Electricity
- Industry
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Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
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3. Role of Energy and Mineral
Sectors
-
15
15
COAL ELECTRICITY PLANT LOCATION
Bengkulu
Bangka
Sumsel-Lampung
Pontianak
Banjarmasin
Tarakan
Minahasa
Kotamobagu
Palu Sorong
B-Aceh
Medan
Padang
Bima Sumbawa
Kupang
Ambon Serui
Gorontalo
Jayapura
PLTU Pacitan 2x300 MW
PLTU Bone 2x50 MW
PLTU Meulaboh 2x100 MW
PLTU Asam-asam 2x65 MW
PLTU Indramayu 2x300 MW PLTU Tarahan Baru
2x100 MW
PLTU Pontianak 2x25 MW
PLTU Kendari 2x10 MW
PLTU Labuan 1x300 MW
PLTU Palangkaraya 2x65 MW
PLTU Sulut Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Gorontalo Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Bima 2x7 MW
PLTU Jayapura Baru 2x10 MW
PLTU Sibolga Baru 2x100 MW
PLTU Sumbar Pesisir Selatan 2x100 MW
PLTU Mantung 2x10 MW
PLTU Bengkalis 2x7 MW
PLTU Tanjung Balai Karimun Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Ende 2x7 MW
PLTU Ambon Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Ternate Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Suralaya Baru 2x660 MW
PLTU Teluk Naga 2x300 MW
PLTU Tj Jati Baru 1x600 MW
PLTU Pel Ratu 1x300 MW
PLTU Paiton Baru 2x660 MW
PLTU Singkawang 2x50 MW
PLTU Sampit Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Medan Baru 2x100 MW
PLTU Air Anyer 2x10 MW
PLTU Bangka Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Belitung Baru 2x15 MW
PLTU Selat Panjang 2x5 MW
PLTU Amurang Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Lombok Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Kupang Baru 2x15 MW
PLTU Timika 2x7 MW
Total : 10.000 MW
PLTU Awar-Awar 2x300 MW
PLTU Rembang 2x300 MW
Under process Tender Will be Tender
Mahakam
Dr. Yogo Pratomo, chaiman of team accelaration coal 10000
MWe
In the near term need CZ: 50 MWe
In the near term Need CZ: 300 MWe
In the near term need CZ: 500 Mwe
1000 – 1500 MWe
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Law on Electricity • Provision and utilization of renewable
energy should be increased by central
and local governments in accordance to their given authorities;
• Provision and utilization of renewable energy will get incentives
from central
and local governments for certain period until it reaches
economical development stage;
• Allowing private sector and community to operate (in addition
to PLN), distribute and sell electricity directly to the consumer
in certain area;
• Giving priority to renewable energy resources for electricity
generation (subject to economic feasibility)
• In addition to central government subsidy, local governments
may provide subsidy within their region;
• Allowing regional energy price • Export/import of
electricity
16
-
4 Renewable Energy for
Electricity
-
2010
-
5. Case Study of Nuclear Energy
Need to Support Electricity
and Mining Industry and etc.
-
20
Spatial Profile of Kalimantan Tengah
Situated in the middle of the Asia Pacific Region, thus, with
its tropical forest
often called as: the lung of the World
Total area : 153.567 Km2 (about 1.5x Java island)
Situated in the equator line at 00 45' N to 30 30' S and 1110 to
1160 E
Population 2010 : 2.202 million
Density: 14 person/km2
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21
13 Districts 1 Municipality
129 Sub-districts, 1.480 Villages
Murung Raya
Barito Utara
Barito Selatan
Barito Timur
Kapuas
Pulang Pisau
Katingan Ktw Timur
Seruyan
Ktw Barat
Sukamara
Lamandau
Palangka Raya
Gunung Mas
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Nickel
Bauxite
CGA Tayan Project (Bauxite processing into CGA)
Capacity: 300,000 ton of CGA pa (1st need 100 MWe)
SGA Mempawah Project (Bauxite processing into SGA)
Capacity: 1 million metric ton of SGA pa ( 1st need 300 MWe)
FeNi Mandiodo Project (Nickel)
Capacity: 120,000 ton of FENI papre Iron
South Kalimantan Sponge Iron Project/Meratus Jaya Iron and
Steel
(Ironmaking smelter) Capacity: 315,000 ton of sponge iron pa
Energy for National Mining Industry Development Projects
FeNi Halmahera Project (Ferronickel)
Capacity: 27,000 TNi pa
Steel Plant (undef FS and 1 st need 500 MWe)
Zircon Plant (under pre-FS and 1st need 500 MWe)
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35
INDONESIAINDONESIA’’S RADIOACTIVE RESOURCES 2004S RADIOACTIVE
RESOURCES 2004
Legend
Map of Radioactive Mineral Resources in Indonesia until the year
2004
Regions with speculative resources (DSS)
Regions with indicated resources (DSB)Potential regions U
Potential regions Th
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24
-
L
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6.Technical Requirements of SMR
-
Power Reactor
Non-Power Reactor
Nuclear Reactor
Commercial
Non-Commercial
Commercial
Non-Commercial
Proven Technology)
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
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7.2 NPP Provenness
7.2.1 The Supplier should ensure the provenness of the proposed
NPP covering overall system and elements
The element includes components, plant structures, design and
analysis techniques, maintainability and operability features and
construction Techniques
7.2.2 The overall proven NPP system should be concluded from
minimum three years of operation of reference NPP as a commercial
plant with a good operational record.
According to government regulation No. 43, 2006 the reference
plant has 3 years operation as a commercial plant with minimum
average capacity factor of 75%.
USER CONSIDERATION DOCUMENT (UCD – INDONESIA)
Number Requirement Rationale/Explanation
-
7. Conclusion/Summary
-
2008 Technology Assessment Workshop 31
Indonesia needs an increased IAEA role to facilitate the
deployment of nuclear power plant in Central Kalimantan
through:
Advisory and evaluation of site selection study documents
Facilitate technical communication between Indonesia as a user
with nuclear technology developers Provide a generic technology
assessment methodology Evaluation on preparing basic infrastructure
Facilitate technical visits of international experts to brief
Indonesian
nuclear stake holders on commercially available reactor
technology Inform Indonesian authority on related Seminars and
workshops Evaluation of URD and BID documents Public acceptance
EXPECTATION AS AN IAEA MEMBER STATES
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2008 Technology Assessment Workshop 32
Current National average electrification ratio < 70%.
Electricity demand should be satisfied by new and renewable
energy: Future target, 3.9 % hydro, 4.8 % bio fuel, 2.5 %
geothermal, 1.9 % biomass, 0.3 % nuclear, 0.05 % photo voltaic and
0.005 % wind.
Average electrification ratio in out of Java < 50 % (i.e.
Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, Maluku, East and West Nusa
Tenggara).
Inter islands electricity transmission need to be added
According to the local geography condition, SMR will satisfy
the
needs in out of Java islands especially in Central Kalimantan
Province.
SUMMARY
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33
Appendix : Questionnaire for a potential Country- User of
SMR:
-
1) Country’s population: present-day (including the seasonal
variations) and prognosis up to 2050?
• 2010 Province’ population is 2,212,089 person • 2050
Projection number is 4,575,723 person. 2) Country’s GNI (Gross
National Income) per capita: present-day and prognosis up to
2050? • Province’s Gross Domestic Income Per Capita (current
price) INA Rp. 19,242,990 (2010) • Province’s Gross Domestic Income
Per Capita (constant price) INA Rp. 8,493,770 (2010) • Prognosis
for 2050 (current price) US $ 49,000.00 (based on MP3EI for 2045
projection) 3) Country’s energy consumption per capita:
present-day, necessary and prognosis up to
2050? • Energy Consumption per capita in 2010 is 45 KwH per
month • Energy Consumption per capita in 2050 is ……….(note: no data
from Distamben or PLN but
may be projected using rule of thumb based on PDRB per capita
figure and average trend in electric consumption)
-
4. Country’s total energy consumption: present-day, necessary
and prognosis up to 2050?
• Total energy consumption in 2010 (internal province only)
426,313,476 Kwh
• Prognosis for 2050 not available yet 5. Country’s fresh water
consumption per capita: present-day,
necessary and prognosis up to 2050? • No available data 6.
Description of the energy consumers: what kind of the energy
they consume (electricity, high-temperature or low-temperature
heat, desalination), their capacities and dispersion?
• Electricity for households, services (hotel, restaurant) and
industrial sectors
-
7. Load diagrams: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to
2050? • Current (2010) load is 93 MW • Prognosis for 2050 …….. MW
8. Scope of fuel and electricity import: present-day and prognosis
up
to 2050? • Nationally, the rough figure is 10,139,983 Kiloliter
(or barrel???) 9. Country’s total electricity generating capacity?
• National figure is 158,724 MW • Provincial figure is 159.251
MW
-
10. Whether the country’s generating units compose the single
electricity generating system or they compose the several separated
(not communicated) electricity generating systems?
• Total generated power capacity in 2010 is 159,251 MW Under
Barito Grid system (connecting part of Central Kalimantan with
South
Kalimantan) is about 30% of total generated – Medium Isolated
System is about 23% of total generated – Small and rural system is
about 47%
11. Capacity of the each electricity generating system? The
structure of the
electricity price and tariffs? • Around 60% of generated power
is from diesel generator with cost INA
Rp.2,600.00 per KwH • From coal based power plant the cost is
INA Rp.1,300.00 while from renewable
hydro power plant, the cost is about INA Rp.850.00 per KwH •
Selling price/subsidized in average (progressive system) is INA Rp.
650.00 per KwH
-
12. Description of the electrical and water networks: their
length, capacity and condition?
• Low voltage transmission 1,661 km • Medium voltage
transmission 2,132 km 13. Input of the each electricity generating
system’s region to the country’s
economics (GNI et al): present-day and prognosis up to 2050? •
Share of electricity to Gross Regional Domestic Product is 0.46%
(current price) or
0.27% (constant price) 14. Significant units of the each
electricity generating system: plant type (gas-
fired plant, coal-fuelled plant, hydro power plant and so on),
power, calendar age, replacement age?
• Hydro power plant is more than 30 years old, almost all of
diesel generators are beyond the economical period.
-
15. Anticipated increase in electric energy demand in the region
of the each electricity generating system up to 2050 (due to the
increase in country’s population, the necessity to increase the
electricity consumption per capita, the growth of industry and
tourism)?
• The estimation for province level is 36,270 MW 16. The
reservation scope of the energy sources in the region of the each
electricity generating
system: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to 2050? • Low
rank coal for power plant is predicted to be last within the next
25 years while oil deposit
will vanish in 20 years 17. Whether the country has some regions
with the abnormally high prices of the electricity
(due to their location: remote or isolated, e.g. island)? • The
current consumer selling price (average) is INA Rp 650.00 per KWH
but the average
generating cost per KWH is INA Rp.1,300.00 18. Electricity price
and anticipated electric energy demand in the each region with
the
abnormally high prices of the electricity? • Some small and
medium power plant are diesel generated, very expensive and very
hard to
operate since they all need subsidy from government budget
-
19. Availability of the economically acceptable fields (of gas
or coal) or ways to import hydrocarbon fuel?
• Not really acceptable since it will put a heavy pressure to
the limited development budget 20. Availability of increase in СО2
contamination of air in the frame of Kyoto Treaty’s quota
namely for the country? • Not applicable at provincial level 21.
Availability of the economically acceptable resources for the hydro
power plants? • There are some potential sites for hydro power
plant at medium level and the ultimate idea
is to connect all possible and feasible power plants into one
array of Kalimantan grid system 22. Availability of the
economically acceptable resources for the alternative power
plants
(solar energy, wind, geothermal energy and so on)? • Available
to have solar and wind energy power plant in small scale and
scattered areas 23. Availability of the economically acceptable
ways to import the electricity? • Not available since it is more
possible to generate the power domestically
-
24. Whether there are any prohibitions or limitations concerning
the construction and operation of the nuclear power units in the
legislation of the country?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level 25. Whether there
is the necessary institutional basis for the implementation and
development of the nuclear power plants: Government Department
or Commission on Nuclear Power and Independent Regulatory Body?
• Not available /applicable at provincial level 26. Whether
there is the Nuclear Power Development Strategy in the country? •
Not available/applicable at provincial level 27. Whether there are
in the country the necessary mathematical models to forecast
and optimize the various branches of the economics, including
power engineering?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level
-
28. Whether there is the necessary infrastructural basis for the
implementation and development of the nuclear power plants:
industrial, constructional scientific and technical (TSO –
Technical Support Organizations)?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level 29. Availability
of the economically acceptable resources of the uranium-fields? •
There are indication of uranium deposit in Kalimantan (West and
Central) but they
are not yet been studied extensively. 30. What is the attitude
of the country’ government to the nuclear power
development? • Positive and still continue the research, effort
and techno capacity development for
nuclear power program for electricity 31. What is the level of
the nuclear power public perception in the country? • Mostly
curious especially with widespread news on accidents around the
globe
which has no balance information ie. the accidents all had
happened with the oldest type or first generation nuclear reactor
and nowadays we are on the fourth generation which is far more
safe
-
32. What is the political situation: stability, long-term plans
and interests? • Political situation is stable in the long run,
long term plan and interest are there to
generate enough electricity to support development activities
although concern about safety is still there to be handled
gradually
33. What is the sensitivity of the environment to the
technogenic loads? • Very light possibility, if there the
prediction about impact of climate change are
flood and dry monsoon 34. Whether there are the appropriate
sites for the large and medium nuclear power
units in the country? • There are some potential sites (ie far
enough from settlements, stable geophysics
and enough construction material supports for medium or small
unit 35. Whether there are the appropriate sites for the small
nuclear power units in the
country? • See above
-
36. Whether there are any significant threats for nuclear units:
natural phenomena (high seismicity, tsunami danger and so on), acts
of terrorism (sabotage, missile bombardment from abroad and so on),
technogenic accidents et al?
• Central Kalimantan is free from volcanic activity,
geologically, environmentally and socially stable, which is one of
the main reason for proposing the province as the site location for
nuclear electrical power plant
37. Requirements concerning the physical protection of the
nuclear power units and
transportation of the nuclear materials and radioactive
substances? • Not yet explored at provincial level 38. Availability
of the possibilities to manage and bury the radioactive waste? •
Not yet explored at provincial level 39. Preferable type of the
interaction with the small nuclear power unit vendor: from buying
only
the electricity up to buying the reactor, technology or license?
• For provincial level, the interaction through PLG (state’s
electricity co) is buying the electricity
from the power plant company 40. Economic and financial
possibilities for deployment of small nuclear power units in
the
country? • Possible through special loan arrangement ie. from
Japan
-
41. Anticipated attitude of the other states contiguous to the
country towards its small nuclear power units: negative, neutral,
positive, intention to participate in the construction of these
units?
• Positive, all provinces (west, east, south and central) in
Kalimantan has agreed to develop the island as the national source
for energy and food and the idea of having nuclear power plant is
for regional and national use (through grid system),
interconnection all provinces in Kalimantan, transmission to
Sulawesi and Java island if all source of electrical power plan is
well synergized
-
THANK YOU
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