SMOKING final

Field Study Report

On Perception of villagers about Tobacco Smoking

in Hatigara village of Comilla, Bangladesh.

Submitted By:Dr. Monira Yasmin, Roll- 41

&Dr. Mymoon Redwan Chowdhury, Roll- 42

124th Special Foundation Training Course for BCS (Health) Cadre Officials

GUIDED BY: Mr. Md. Abdul Quader,

Joint director (Rural Admin.)

BANGLADESH ACADEMY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (BARD)

KOTBARI, COMILLA

Background of the study

Smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Smoking is the most common method of consuming tobacco and tobacco is the most common substance smoked.Many substances in cigarette smoke trigger reaction in nerve endings, which heighten heart rate alertness and reaction time among other things. Dopamin and endorphins are released which are often associated with pleasure.

Many smokers begin smoking during adolescence or early adulthood.

During the early stages, a combination of perceive pleasure acting as positive reinforcement and desire to respond to social peer pressure may affect the unpleasant symptoms of initial use, which typically include nausea and coughing.

Background of the study…CONTD.

After an individual has smoked for some years, the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms and negative reinforcement become the key motivation to continue. Smoking prevalence in men is higher than that in women. Though gender gap declines with the younger age and in developed countries it is almost equal.

Tobacco smoking is the single biggest cause of cancer. Lung cancer increases dramatically among smokers. Even light or occasional smoking damages health. Passive smoking also causes cancer.

Number of smokers is horribly increasing in the whole world. Bangladesh is not out of them. In Bangladesh cigarette/biri smoking accounted for 25% of death in men and 7.6% in women. Smoking causes not only health hazards but also socio-economic and environmental hazards.

Objectives of the study

The general objective of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco smoking in Hatigara village of Comilla, Bangladesh.

The specific objectives are: •To assess the relationship of socioeconomic and educational status of population with smoking•To assess overall attitude towards smoking and quitting attempts.•To assess knowledge of study population about health hazards of smoking

Scope of the study• The study was conducted in Hatigara village near

BARD. • The scope of the study was to assess the

Knowledge, attitude and Practices towards smoking which might help in control of diseases related to smoking.

• Scopes of the study include current and past smoking status, relationship of smoking with educational & socioeconomic background, awareness of smoking related health hazards & overall attitude towards smoking.

Methodology of the study

Study site: The field work of study took place in one village named Hatigara, beside the BARD campus. It was chosen to find out the knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco smoking of adult population of the village.Study Design:Observational studySample size: The total sample size was 30 (Thirty)Data collection period:Field level data, during 4th September, 2016

Methodology of the study….CONTD.

Data collection procedure: Primary data was collected through interview by a set of questionnaire

Procedure of data analysis:Data were tabulated, analyzed manually and presented in this report in tabulated form and pie chart. Percentage distribution of the numerical variables were used to analyze and interpretation of data..

Limitations of the Study:

1. Short duration for the study2. Small study population3. A small area was selected, as a result actual view may not found

Findings of the study

Socio-economic Condition and the basic information of the village at a glance-•Location : The study was conducted in Hatigara. The village is under Comilla Sadar Upazilla of Comilla district. •Population : Total population is about 3000.•Occupation : It is a village of different categories of people like farmers, teachers, businessmen and some are staying in abroad.

Findings of the study….CONTD.• Distribution of smokers among the study

population by Age

Findings of the study….CONTD. Distribution of the study population by smoking habit

Due to availability of smoking materials, incidence of smoking is increasing in an alarming rate. In our study majority (26 in number) of the study population were smoker and only 4 respondents were non-smoker.

Findings of the study….CONTD.





Findings of the study….CONTD.Relationship of socioeconomic status of population with smoking

Yearly family income

Upto 60000taka/year

60000-120000taka/yr

More than 120000tk/yr

No. of smokers

13 7 6

Relationship of socioeconomic status of population with smoking:Relationship of socioeconomic status of population with smoking:




DISCUSSIONThe Study was done in September 2016, in Hatigara village beside the BARD campus. It was chosen to find out the perception of villagers about tobacco smoking in adult villagers. In this study 87% of study populations were current smokers and 13% were current non smokers. NCD risk factor Survey1 2010 estimated prevalence of tobacco smoking in Bangladesh to be 26.2% which is lower than this study, as the sample size of the study was small. This study shows that out of 26 current smokers 1 (4%) uses Biri and 25 (96%) consumes cigarette.

DISCUSSION…CONTD.This study shows high prevalence of smoking in poor socioeconomic status. 50% of the smokers have family income up to 60000 / year. This finding is comparable to other studies3. A study conducted by the National Network of Smoking Prevention and Poverty 4 found that cigarettes served as a tool for those of low socioeconomic status to cope with boredom, relieve stress and as a companion to alcohol and caffeine. Cigarettes served as a loyal “friend” – a theme recognizable from cigarette advertising. However knowledge about health hazards of smoking was very high (100%). It might signify the effect of anti tobacco smoking campaign in media. 100% of the current smokers are willing to at to quit smoking.

Conclusion The field study and discussion show that 87% of the respondent villagers of Hatigara area are smoker. Some of their family members like father, brother or son also used to smoke. Although they know about the harmful effect of smoking, they continue it because it seems enjoyable and reduce their frustration. Though majority of the respondents have idea about anti-smoking law, most of them were used to smoke at public places.They spend a significant amount of their daily income for smoking which affects their socio-economic and nutritional status. They are suffering from various health hazards but very few of them has taken treatment for these. Considering all this hazards all of them are positively thinking about giving up smoking but their addiction never allow them to do so. Only awareness, motivation and self-commitment can make it possible.

RecommendationsFollowing measures may be taken to let them know more about hazards of smoking and to give up smoking:•Education: Health hazard of smoking should be included in textbooks. Religious education may be helpful.•Media: Billboard, mobile sms, FM radio, TV, leaflet may play a key role.•Implementation of law: Proper implementation of anti-smoking law should have to be ensured.•GO-NGO collaboration can play a vital role to increase awareness about smoking.

THANKS A LOT!

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SMOKING final

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