SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : The Case of Indonesia The Case of Indonesia 金金金金金金金金金金金金 金金金金 金金金金 :西 金金金金金金金金金金金金 金金金金 金金金金 :西 Khairil Anwar Head of Rural Bank & MSME Development Bureau Central Bank of Indonesia 金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金 Sharing for workshop on improving access to finance for SMEs in the Asia-Pacific Region: Shanghai, China, 8 -12 June 2009 金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金 金金金金, 2009 金 6 金 8-12
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SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : The Case of Indonesia 金融危机下的中小企业融资:印度尼西亚的经验
SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : The Case of Indonesia 金融危机下的中小企业融资:印度尼西亚的经验. Sharing for workshop on improving access to finance for SMEs in the Asia-Pacific Region: Shanghai, China, 8 -12 June 2009 改善亚太地区中小企业融资渠道国际研讨会 中国上海,2009年6月8-12. Khairil Anwar - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : The Case of SMEs Financing Amid The Financial Crisis : The Case of IndonesiaIndonesia金融危机下的中小企业融资:印度尼西亚的经验金融危机下的中小企业融资:印度尼西亚的经验
Khairil AnwarHead of Rural Bank & MSME Development Bureau
Central Bank of Indonesia印尼央行农村金融与中小企业发展局
Sharing for workshop on improving access to finance for SMEs in the Asia-Pacific Region:
• Overview of Financial Providers to MSMEs in Indonesia 印尼中小企业金融服务提供商概览• Indonesia Banking Sectors Overview 印尼的银行体系概览• Lesson learned : 1997/1998 crisis 1997/1998 亚洲金融危机的教训• Impact of 2008 Crisis to Banking sector, MSME and Indonesian economy 2008 经济危机对银行业、中小企业以及印尼经济的影响• Rural Bank Strategy in Responding to Global Financial Crisis 应对全球金融危机的农村金融策略• Policy and Regulation to Lessen Impact of Global Financial Crisis 减轻全球金融危机影响的政策与措施• Promoting Banking Intermediary to Microfinance as an Intermediary Milestones to reach
the Unbanked People 推动银行中介机构进行小额贷款,以覆盖无银行服务的群众
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OUTLINE OUTLINE 概述概述
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Bank银行
NonBank非银行金融机构
FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS OF FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS OF MSMEs MSMEs 中小企业金融服务中小企业金融服务提供商提供商
商业银行
农村银行
储蓄和贷款合作社 典当铺 金融租赁公司
钱庄
非银行机构
INDONESIAN BANKING SECTOR OVERVIEW INDONESIAN BANKING SECTOR OVERVIEW 印尼银行体系概述印尼银行体系概述
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Number of Banks (as of March 2009): 银行总数(截至 2009 年 3 月)No. Category 分类 Total Banks银行总数 Total Offices办事机构总数
- Sharia Commercial Banks 伊斯兰商业银行- Sharia Business Unit of Commercial Banks 商业银行的伊斯兰业务部
526 635253
4 Sharia Rural Banks 伊斯兰农村银行 133 208
Grand Total 汇总 2.055 16.551
1997/1998 crisis
Refocusing of Central Bank Policy based on New Bank Indonesia Act No.
23/1999•Single objective : to reach and to maintain the stability of rupiah.•Bank Indonesia as lender of the last resort.•Bank Indonesia shall no longer extend financial assistance (credit program) to SME, because Com.Bank able to mobilized funds.
Mon.Crisis (liq.squeeze)
Banking Crisis (16 Banks
closed)
Political Crisis (President stepped down)
Some policy responses on SME• Advise banks to
allocate part of its lending to SMEs and state it in the business plan submitted to BI and publish the disbursement quarterly in the media.
• Encourage bank to lend to SME via Rural Banks and other MFIs.
• Provide technical assistance for bank officers and Business Development Services Provider (BDSP).
• Publish some leniencies in prudential regulation to push bank lending to SME.
Selected Rural Bank Indicators 选定的农村银行指标IMPACT OF 2008 CRISIS TO RURAL BANK INDUSTRY
2008 金融危机对农村银行业的影响
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1. In general, rural bank industry presented good performance as indicated by increase in total asset, loan and third party fund.
总体而言,就资产总额、贷款额以及第三方资金来看,农村银行业表现良好2. The increase of NPL in the 4th quarter of 2008 was mainly because of a problem in one big
rural bank due to a mismanagement and fraud, as well as the decline in commodity prices. Once this problem was settled, the NPL ratio is improved, as showed in the 1st quarter of 2009.
2008 年第四季度不良资产的上升主要是由于某个大型农村银行的管理不善和欺诈以及商品价格的下降造成的。一旦这些问题被解决,不良资产率得到改善,正如 2009 年第一季度数据所示。3. There was a decrease in the commercial bank placement due to the liquidity squeeze in
commercial banks. This was the significant impact of the crisis to the rural bank industry liquidity.
including including the the exportexport transaction oftransaction of SMEs SMEs非石油出口交易的下降(可非石油出口交易的下降(可交易商品),包括中小企交易商品),包括中小企业的出口交易业的出口交易
Decreasing in Decreasing in production ofproduction of other product (non tradable other product (non tradable goods, such as from goods, such as from Trade, Construction, Transportation & Trade, Construction, Transportation & Communication, Financial and Services Communication, Financial and Services )) Including Including those of those of domestic-oriented & export-linkeddomestic-oriented & export-linked SME SME其他产品产量下降(如来自贸易、建设、交通、通讯以及金其他产品产量下降(如来自贸易、建设、交通、通讯以及金融服务业的不可交易产品 )融服务业的不可交易产品 )包括国内导向以及与出口相关的中小企业包括国内导向以及与出口相关的中小企业
Decreasing in production Enterprises efficiency
(i.e. lay off)生产缩减企业效率(即裁员)
• Some more resilient SMEs: in retail trading, Hotel & Restaurant, Food & Beverages , and fashion. 更有生存能力的中小企业:零售行业、宾馆饭店、食品饮料以及时尚
• Most SMEs are still optimistic about the economy condition and their future business 大多数中小企业对于经济形势以及未来的生意仍然充满信心
Survey on SMEs*关于中小企业的调查
Some Macro Economy Target 一些宏观经济目标
经济增长 通胀率SBI 率汇率(卢比兑美元)
Some obstacles of SMEs 中小企业的一些障碍
RURAL BANKS STRATEGY IN RESPONDING TO GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS农村银行应对全球金融危机的策略
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1. During the crisis period, rural banks have slowed down their operation. This was indicated by some ratios in the 4th Quarter of 2008, such as the increase in CAR of rural banks which mainly due to the decrease of weighted risk asset. Also, there was a decrease in LDR to become 80.91% by the end of March 2009 (in September 2008 it was 85.17%).
危机期间,农村银行减缓了运作。 2008 年第 4 季度数据表明,例如农村银行资本充足率的增加主要是因为风险资产的减少。同时, LDR 减少到 2009 年 3月的80.91% ( 2008 年 9月的数据为 85.17% )2. Rural bank was also more selective in distributing loan by
considering the secure sectors (for example not directly link to export business).
农村银行在分配贷款时更有选择,要考虑到安全的行业(例如,与出口产业没有直接联系的行业)3. Rural banks which implement personal approach and focus to their
community are able to hold rush of third party fund. 实施个人法和关注他们社区的农村银行能够控制第三方资金
POLICY IN LESSENNING IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS TO SMEs减少全球金融危机影响对中小企业影响的政策
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I. Policy and Regulation to Commercial Bank 商业银行的政策措施a. Adjustment on Commercial Bank Reserve Requirement (9% to 7.5%)
调整商业银行的准备金水平 ( 9% 到 7.5% )b. Extension of SWAP transaction period (7 days to 1 month) 延长 SWAP 交易的时间( 7天到 1 个月)c. New regulation on foreign exchange transaction 外汇交易的新规章d. Adjustment on existing regulation on short term foreign loans 短期外汇借贷的现行制度的调整e. Adjustments to current regulation on Bank Indonesia Short Term Funding Facility (FPJP) for commercial banks
对印尼央行现行的短期商业银行资金提供机制的制度调整II. Policy and Regulation to Rural Bank 农村银行的政策措施
a. Issuing short term funding facility for rural banks 对农村银行开设短期资金提供机制b. Leniency in providing provision of loss productive asset on fund placed at other banks which is under special survellaince
对于生产性资产损失条款给予更多的宽容,这样的资产以资金形式保存在其他受到特别监督的银行
III. Regulation to Expand credit to MSME 增加中小企业信用的措施a. Reducing Risk-weighted Assets on credit for MSME (e.g. For
Credit for the People scheme, Housing loan and personal loan)b. Credit performance of loan up to IDR 1 billion (USD 50,000) is
based only on prompt repayment of principal and/or interestIV. Deposit Protection Scheme 储蓄保护措施 Increase the limit of guaranteed deposits in banks from Rp100
millions to Rp2 billions 将银行保险储蓄限制从 Rp1亿增加到 Rp20亿V. Interest rate 利息率 BI has gradually decreased the benchmark interest rate (BI Rate)
from 9.5% on November 2008 to 7% on June 2009 (250 base points)