SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION Diverse spinal issue may happen through the periods of a man's life amid development, working, and maturing period. Notwithstanding physical spinal disfigurements, for example, scoliosis and osteoporotic vertebral cracks, stance and open position dysfunctions are proposed to be the reason for various sicknesses, which may bring about spinal deformation. Conceivable methodologies in the recovery of these spinal issue are surgical, therapeutic, or the utilization of limitation bodices and muscle fortifying activities to neutralize the postural deviations. For the nonsurgical and nonmedical intercessions, a basic physical activity comprising in the extending of the body may help expanding the scope of movement and enhancing the spinal activation since the muscle builds its ability and better backings the postural correction by reducing muscle hyper tonicity . This activity is normally performed for each kind of subject including elderly and/or impeded individuals. One vital impact of this activity is the mindfulness change of the subject's upright stance as exhibited by late studies where the postural mindfulness enhances the clinical results. The mindfulness can be upheld by a sign, created by an observing framework, demonstrating to the subject his/her postural state. The sign can be initiated by a calculation that actualizes the recommendations of the doctor Page 1
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SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES
CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
Diverse spinal issue may happen through the periods of a man's life amid development, working,
and maturing period. Notwithstanding physical spinal disfigurements, for example, scoliosis and
osteoporotic vertebral cracks, stance and open position dysfunctions are proposed to be the
reason for various sicknesses, which may bring about spinal deformation. Conceivable
methodologies in the recovery of these spinal issue are surgical, therapeutic, or the utilization of
limitation bodices and muscle fortifying activities to neutralize the postural deviations. For the
nonsurgical and nonmedical intercessions, a basic physical activity comprising in the extending
of the body may help expanding the scope of movement and enhancing the spinal activation
since the muscle builds its ability and better backings the postural correction by reducing muscle
hyper tonicity . This activity is normally performed for each kind of subject including elderly
and/or impeded individuals. One vital impact of this activity is the mindfulness change of the
subject's upright stance as exhibited by late studies where the postural mindfulness enhances the
clinical results. The mindfulness can be upheld by a sign, created by an observing framework,
demonstrating to the subject his/her postural state. The sign can be initiated by a calculation that
actualizes the recommendations of the doctor that has in control the obligation of the analysis on
right or off base stance. Along these lines, the patients are urged to expect the right postural
propensities that could restore the correct physiological state. A framework that screens the
postural state ought to be wearable in the event that it doesn't restrain developments and it makes
adequate to be worn constantly amid the activity for the duration of the day. Other huge
attributes are that the vest furnished with the estimation framework must be effortlessly wearable
without the assistance of other persons, simple to utilize, and ought not to trade to off the
patient's protection. At long last, a postural framework outfitted with the likelihood to send
information by means of Web opens the chance of remote restorative supervision, since the
doctor can have target information identifying with the activity execution. Distinctive answers
for the checking of postural movement amid postural restoration or support are accounted for in
the writing, from basic visual perception in clinical practice to more perplexing movement
frameworks utilized as a part of medicinal research facilities. The investigation of stance is
generally performed to gauge the kinematic variables of anatomic fragments utilizing particular
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SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES
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Table 2
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
A
D
C
V
A
L
U
E
5
1
0
2
3
3
.
7
5
7
6
8
2
.
5
5
1
2
1
.
2
5
2
5
6
0 0
SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES
Figure 13: Relation between sensor analog output and ADC value
In Table 1, Assume we utilize a 5V reference this case, any simple worth in the middle of
0 and 5V is changed over into its identical ADC value. The 0-5V territory is partitioned into
2^10 = 1024 stages. In this way, a 0V info will give an ADC yield of 0; 5V information will
give an ADC yield of 1023, while a 2.5V info will give an ADC yield of around 512. This is the
essential idea of ADC.
4.1.3 FLEXIBLE SENSORS
Figure 14: Image of flexible sensor
Flex sensors are simple resistors shaped via carbon resistive components inside a
slim adaptable substrate, If the carbon is more means the resistance is less. At the point when the
substrate is bended the sensor creates a resistance yield in light of the curve range. The curve
sensor has resistance of 30-250K ohms.
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Figure 15: Change in resistance with sensor bend
4.1.4 LM 35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
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Figure 16 : photo of the LM 35 wired on a circuit board
A temperature sensor is a gadget, ordinarily, a thermocouple, that accommodates temperature
estimation through an electrical sign. A thermocouple is produced using two unique metals that
create electrical voltage in direct extent to changes in temperature. The LM35 can be associated
effortlessly similarly as other incorporated circuit temperature sensors. It can be adhered or built
up to a surface and its temperature will be inside around the scope of 0.01˚C of the surface
temperature. This presumes the surrounding air temperature is just about the same as the surface
temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the
real temperature of the LM35 bite the dust would be at a middle of the road temperature between
the surface temperature and the air temperature.
Why Use LM35s To Quantify Temperature?
1 You can quantify temperature more precisely than an utilizing a thermistor.
2 The sensor hardware is fixed and not subject to oxidation, and so forth.
3 The LM35 produces a higher yield voltage than thermocouples and may not require that
the yield voltage be enhanced.
What Does a LM35 Do? How can it work?
1 It has a yield voltage that is corresponding to the Celsius temperature.
2 The scale variable is .01V/oC
3 The LM35 does not require any outside adjustment or trimming and keeps up an
exactness of +/ - 0.4 oC at room temperature.
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4 Another critical normal for the LM35DZ is that it draws just 60 miniaturized scale amps
from its supply and has a low self-warming capacity. The sensor self-warming causes under 0.1
oC temperature ascend in still air.
4.1.5 L239D DRIVER CIRCUIT
Figure 17: L239D DRIVER CIRCUIT
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L293D is a Motor Driver IC which permits DC engine to drive on either direction. L293D is a
16-pin IC which can control an arrangement of two DC engines all the while in any bearing. It
implies that you can control two DC engine with a solitary L293D IC. Double H-span Engine
Driver coordinated circuit (IC).
The l293d can drive little and calm huge engines as well. It takes a shot at the idea of H-scaffold.
H-scaffold is a circuit which permits the voltage to be flown in either course. As you most likely
are aware voltage need to alter its course to be ready to pivot the engine in clockwise or
anticlockwise bearing, Henceforth H-span IC are perfect for driving a DC engine
Figure 18 : H-Bridge board
There are 4 info pins for L293d, pin 2,7 on the left and stick 15 ,10 on the privilege. Left
information pins will direct the turn of engine associated crosswise over left side and right
contribution for engine on the right hand side. The engines are turned on the premise of the
inputs gave over the info pins as Rationale 0 or Rationale 1.
VCC is the voltage that it requirements for its own particular interior operation 5v; L293D won't
utilize this voltage for driving the engine. For driving the engines it has a different procurement
to give engine supply VSS (V supply). L293d will utilize this to drive the engine. It implies in
the event that you need to work an engine at 9V then you have to give a Supply of 9V crosswise
over VSS Engine supply. The most extreme voltage for VSS engine supply is 36V. It can supply
a maximum current of 600mA for each channel. Since it can drive engines Up to 36v
consequently you can drive truly enormous engines with this l293d.VCC pin 16 is the voltage for
its own particular inward Operation. The greatest voltage ranges from 5v and up to 36v
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4.1.6 ZIGBEE MODULE
Figure 19: Image of Zigbee module
Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based determination for a suite of abnormal state correspondence
conventions used to make individual region systems. The innovation characterized by the Zigbee
particular is planned to be less difficult and less costly than different remote individual zone
systems (WPANs, for example, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Its low power utilization limits transmission
separations to 10–40. Zigbee is regularly utilized as a part of low information rate applications
that require long battery life and secure systems administration Zigbee has a characterized rate of
250 Kbit/s, most appropriate for discontinuous information transmissions from a sensor or
information device .Zigbee is an ease, low-control, long battery life gadgets in remote control
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and observing applications. Zigbee gadgets have low dormancy, which facilitate decreases
normal current. . Zigbee works at 2.4 GHz.
4.1.7RS 232 CABLE AND MAX 32 IC
Figure 20: Image of RS232 Cable
RS-232 is a standard for serial correspondence transmission of information. It formally
characterizes the signs associating between work station, and an information correspondence
hardware. The RS-232 standard is regularly utilized as a part of PC serial ports. A RS-232 serial
port was at one time a standard component of a PC, utilized for associations with modems,.
Nonetheless, RS-232 is hampered by low transmission speed, extensive voltage swing, and vast
standard connectors.
Max 32 IC Is Utilized to coordinate the working voltage between Zigbee module and PC for
serial correspondence.
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4.2 SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN
The software requirements for designing smart t- shirt is as follows Microsoft visual studio 2010.net
AVR studio version5
SINA programmer
4.2.1 MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO 2010.NET:
Fig 21: Front View of Microsoft Visual Software 2010.Net
C# is an exquisite and sort safe article situated dialect that empowers designers to manufacture
an assortment of secure and hearty applications that keep running on the .NET System. We can
utilize C# to make conventional Windows customer applications, XML Web administrations,
appropriated segments, customer server applications, database applications, and much, a great
deal more. Visual C# gives a propelled code supervisor, helpful client interface fashioners,
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coordinated debugger, and numerous different devices to make it simpler to create applications
in view of adaptation 4.0 of the C# dialect and rendition 4.0 of the .NET System.
4.2.2 .NET SYSTEM STAGE DESIGN
C# programs keep running on the .NET Structure, an essential part of Windows that incorporates
a virtual execution framework called the normal dialect runtime and a bound together
arrangement of class libraries. The CLR is the business usage by Microsoft of the basic dialect
base, a worldwide standard that is the premise for making execution and advancement situations
in which dialects and libraries cooperate consistently. Source code written in C# is accumulated
into a transitional dialect that adjusts to the CLI detail. The IL code and assets, for example,
bitmaps and strings, are put away on plate in an executable record called a get together,
ordinarily with an expansion of .exe or .dll. A get together contains a show that gives data about
the get together's sorts, rendition, society, and security prerequisites.
At the point when the C# system is executed, the get together is stacked into the CLR, which
may take different activities in view of the data in the show. At that point, if the security
necessities are met, the CLR performs in the nick of time (JIT) gathering to change over the IL
code to local machine guidelines. The CLR additionally gives different administrations identified
with programmed trash gathering, special case taking care of, and asset administration. Code that
is executed by the CLR is some of the time alluded to as "oversaw code," as opposed to
"unmanaged code" which is aggregated into local machine dialect that objectives a particular
framework. The accompanying chart outlines the gather time and run-time connections of C#
source code records, the .NET Structure class libraries, gatherings, and the CLR.
Dialect interoperability is a key component of the .NET System. Since the IL code delivered by
the C# compiler complies with the Normal Sort Particular (CTS), IL code produced from C# can
communicate with code that was created from the .NET forms of Visual Fundamental, Visual C+
+, or any of more than 20 different CTS-agreeable dialects. A solitary get together may contain
numerous modules written in various .NET dialects, and the sorts can reference each other
generally as though they were composed in the same dialect.
Notwithstanding the run time benefits, the .NET System likewise incorporates a broad library of
more than 4000 classes sorted out into namespaces that give a wide assortment of helpful
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usefulness for everything from record information and yield to string control to XML parsing, to
Windows Frames controls. The average C# application utilizes the .NET Structure class library
broadly to handle basic "pipes" tasks.
4.2.3 AVR STUDIO VERSION5:
Fig 22: Front View of AVR Studio Version 5
Atmel® AVR Studio® 5 is the Incorporated Advancement Environment (IDE) for
creating and investigating inserted Atmel AVR® applications. The AVR Studio 5 IDE gives you
a consistent and simple to-use environment to compose, fabricate, and investigate your C/C++
and constructing agent code. Which is utilized to produce a hex record which is to composed to
microcontroller with an assistance of developer and a software engineer programming.
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4.2.4 STEPS INVOLVED TO GENERATE PROJECT HEX FILE:
Step 1:
Fig 23: Creation of a New Project
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Step 2:
Fig 24: Selection of Target Device for Which the Hex File is to be generated
Step3:
Fig 25: Write Code With C.
Step4: click on run compile, no errors result.
Step5: build target generate hex file.
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4.2.5 SINA PROGRAMMER
Fig 26: Shows Front View of Sina Programmer
Sina Programmer is burner programming with straightforward client additionally joins
an AVR Wire number cruncher. It utilizes enhanced AVRDUDE 5.10 and underpins new
gadgets and new records just the accessible ports and baud rate determination is conceivable. It is
a standalone straightforward programming and no establishment is select the gadget sort as
ATmega16 and set the Software engineer to USB asp and port to USB (as seen at the base of
window).Click on scan under Hex Document and find the .Hex record to snap System catch
under bits can likewise be customized.
4.2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM WORKFLOW
Fig 27 shows the flowchart of our posture monitoring system using flexible sensors. On power
ON LEDs start to blink.
Initially sensor values are displayed in the LCD Display, if there Is a bend in any sensors motor
vibrates and send the parameter to PC through Wireless module, auto select with COM PORT
and monitor on RX Buffer, load the complete data to database for future reference and analysis.
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START
Monitor the sensor values Displa
y
If threshold met with assigned value
NO
YES
Motor vibrates ,send
the sensor Parameter to PC through wireless
SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES
Fig 27: Flow chart
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uAuto select with com port and monitor on RX buffer
If data found in receiver buffer
YES
NO
Load the complete data to data base with
specified intervals
Data analysis for future use
STOP
SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES
CHAPTER-5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Results and discussionsThis chapter provides details about the results obtained from the work done and output of the
project under varied conditions.
In This Anticipate We Will Executing A Proto Sort Framework remote Wearable Shirt For
Stance Checking Amid Recovery Works out .where a progression of strip sensors are set over
spinal line of human model .at whatever point the human body twists amid restoration or support
practices the whole simple information are separated from those arrangement of strip sensors
which are set over the spinal rope and close to the mid-section .This qualities will be perused by
mc unit which will change over the qualities simple to computerized with the assistance of
inward ADC unit and the individual under this condition will be insinuated with the vibration of
engines which are appended with the gadget and each information amid the casual fortification
activities will be stacked to an information base so for the later references for ,observing
database a GUI is worked with The assistance of .net visual studio a windows structure will be
constructed so it will make all the more simple for client to screen each information of individual
under the perception and each information will be observed with the remote modules.
Once the reference model is ready the following tests will be conducted by the customer to check
its operation without studying about implementation methods. Table 3 and 4 gives the results of
hardware and software testing; if it passes all the observations then we can use it application.
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5.1 HARDWARE TESTING
Sl
No.
Observation Description Result
1 Turn on power 1 Found continuous vibration of
motor
PASS
2 Turn on power 2 Found no updates PASS
3 Turn on both
power1and
power2
Observed that motor vibration
found during bending of reference
model
PASS
4 Bending of any
flex sensor
Resulting sending of data to PC
found
PASS
5 Found vibration During bending of sensor or
found curvature in sensor physical
architecture
PASS
Table 3: HARDWARE TESTING
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5.2 SOFTWARE TESTING
Sl
No.
Observation Description Result
1Invalid Login
Message popup invalid user name and password PASS
2Valid Login
Message popup valid user name and password PASS
3 USB not attached to COM port Auto select FAIL
4 COM port Auto select PASS5 Select turn on for auto
selected comport to open status Monitoring PASS
6 Select turn off for auto selected comport to close status Stop monitoring PASS
7 During monitoring store the data to data base
To specific allocated columns ,with name,id,sensor values date and time PASS
8 Data grid view View the data stored with table reference PASS9 Sort by id Allocated during observations PASS10 Close application close COM port stop reception PASS
Table 4 : SOFTWARE TESTING
The following snapshots show the steps to be followed to maintain the data of the patient in
database for future reference. Fig 28 shows snapshot where login is password protected.
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Figure 28: Snapshot of login
Figure 29: Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system initially
In fig. 29 the COM PORT needs to be turned on for data monitoring.
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Figure 30: Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system during bending of reference model
Fig 30. Shows the Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system during bending of reference model, where
the sensor values will be monitored along with the vibration of motor
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Figure 31: Snapshot of Health care DATABASE
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Figure 32: Snapshot of Health care DATABASE
Fig 31 and 32 shows Snapshot of Health care DATABASE for different patients where we can
observe the change in reference value of sensors along with date and time. This data can be used for
future reference.
5.2 VOLTAGE ANALYSIS OF THE SENSOR
In this we are using flex sensors whose resistance value changes whenever there is a bend in the
curvature of sensor, the reference ADC value for 5v is considered as 1023,due to change in resistance
value of sensor the voltage also changes .Table 5 gives the voltage analysis of the sensor.
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SL
NO.
VOLTAGE CURVATURE
(in deg)
RESISTANC
E
(K ohm)
ADC VALUE
1 5 0 1 1023
2 4 30 65 800
3 3 40 100 525
4 2 60 130 435
5 1 90 250 250
Table 5 : voltage analysis of the sensor.
5.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
In this we have designed a smart T-shirt where Zigbee module is used for wireless
communication the range is up to 40 meter, this is the limitation of the project.
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CHAPTER- 6
CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
6.1 CONCLUSION
In this a wearable remote Shirt is intended for measuring the protracting incited on a Shirt
follower to the body by various stances amid a fortification activity. A flexible sensor is
coordinated in the Shirt material, sewn Straight forwardly on the fabric; its resistance changes
when a geometric distortion, brought on by the extending and rectifying of the body, is
connected on the Shirt. An electronic circuit measures the resistance esteem and yields a voltage.
A clinical assessment of stance expected by the patient requires to be finished by a doctor who
can, through the utilization of the model, set up a relationship between the nature of the stance of
the patient and the voltage yield. The framework has a biofeedback postural sign (vibrations) that
can encourage restorative methodology. This sign can be gotten through a vibratory boost
accomplished with a vibration motor and it can be enacted by a calculation that actualizes the
recommendations of the doctor that has in control the obligation of the conclusion on right
alternately wrong stance. Along these lines, patients are urged to
Expect the right postural propensities that could reestablish the best possible physiological state.
Each patient that use the proposed system can have different geometric characteristics
influencing in this way the deformation induced on the T-shirt even if the same posture is
assumed. Due to the deformation change, the ADC reference value also changes when the
subject is in Phyper−ext posture. Since this value is used as reference for the electronic circuit,
the new value can be generated in an automatically way. Since the sensor output is a voltage
related to the deformation of the T-shirt, the prototype has been tested by comparing its results
with those obtained by an optical measurement system typically used in experiment for body
movement analysis. In this way, the voltage output of the system and the deformations of the T-
shirt have a direct correspondence and all the data have been used to estimate the uncertainty.
The T-shirt with the sewn flexible sensor is washable.
The T-shirt is simple and light due to the use of flexible sensor. Therefore, the proposed
T-shirt is wireless, lightweight, wearable, and meets the clinical and psychological needs, such as
patient comfort, easiness of use, and noninvasiveness. Furthermore, other aspects were
considered; during rehabilitation exercises, physical activity is not likely to make the subject
sweats, however, even if this should happen, the sweat in normal condition does not interfere.
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Furthermore, since the circuit board processes the data directly on the T-shirt, and then the data
are available for immediate presentation and analysis, or sent via Internet using the readout unit,
it is possible to monitor the rehabilitation exercise in remote with advantages such as: 1)
reduction of the environmental impact created by unnecessary patient’s travel.
2) Increasing the effectiveness in terms of optimizing the use of resources and clinical nursing;
3) reduction of the social cost of caregivers..
6.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORKFurther research is underway to further reduce the consumption of electronics. The electronic
circuit board is separated and is placed in a pocket connected to the T-shirt by two snap buttons.
Such electronics can be integrated in a silicon circuit, powered by battery, constituting a device
of a few grams; then, a small lightweight battery can be adopted. The prototype that we have
described here allows achieving the goal of this paper that aims to assess the behavior of T-shirt
for this specific application.
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[11] O'Sullivan K, Galeotti L, Dankaerts W, O'Sullivan L, O'Sullivan P. “Thebetween-day and inter-rater reliability of a novel wireless system toanalyse lumbar spine posture.” Ergonomics. 54(1), pp.82-90, 2011[12] HelpAge International- http://www.helpage.org/
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