SMART PRODUCTION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INDUSTRY 4.0 IN LAC: ACTION LINES 1 st Forum on Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Smart Sustainable Cities in Latin America Buenos Aires, Argentina, 29‐30 May 2018 Valeria Jordán Division of Production, Productivity and Management UN ECLAC
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SMART PRODUCTION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INDUSTRY 4.0 IN LAC: ACTION LINES
1st Forum on Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Smart Sustainable Cities in Latin AmericaBuenos Aires, Argentina, 29‐30 May 2018
Valeria JordánDivision of Production, Productivity and Management
UN ECLAC
A world in vertiginous transformation:sustainability and digitalization
Tangible good exchange Intangible data and knowledge exchange
Global value chains Global digital platforms
Focus on the economic country level
Increasing economic importance of cities and megacities
Geographical dimension of markets Borderless global digital markets
National or multinational regulations Multilateral and global governance
‐ effects in competition
‐ effects on the labor market
‐ change in competitiveness
‐ data as an strategic asset
Traditional economy
•Production and business models
•Consumption pattern•Vertical with borders•Norms and regulations
Digital economy
•New production and business models•New consumption patterns•Verticals with no borders
Digital platforms
IoT+AI
Block‐chain
The fusion of two worlds
Facebook Aquila Project
TerragraphApple SIM
Messenger Integration
(transportation)
Tencent & Guangzhou:
iSPACE concept auto
Messenger Integration ‐
Facebook Payments
Genes for Good
Amazon Maps API
Project 1492
ET City Brain
Xiongan New Area ‐ Smart City Proyect
Terragraph and Project ARIES
Tencent Miying
IT and infraestructure
CommunicationsMessaging
Digital media and entertainment
Connected cars and mobility
E‐commerce and retail
Fintech and payments
Navigation and location
Artificial intelligence
Hardware and devices
Advertising
Healthcare
Smart cities
Jarvis
Association
Bottom line: Who will lead the global production?
The strategies of the US, the EU and China seek a repositioning of industrial production andmove forward on smart manufacturing
United States: renegotiate trade agreements, preference for products and nationalsectors, support policies (fiscal, environmental, etc.)
China: innovation, train human resources, transform the whole chain of themanufacturing process, support for SMEs
European Union: protect sensitive industries, strengthen integration (France andGermany), address climate change and data protection and advance green industries ofthe future
Effects on investment flows and productive structure
Who will lead in the digital world?�
¿AND LATIN AMERICA?
80% of urbanization Smart cities
Environmental and energy crisis Smart grids
Aging of the population Digital healthcare
Low productivity and competitiveness Smart production
Problem Solution
IoT: components
1. Devices
2. Communication networks
3. Software platforms and applications
IoT: action lines
1. Standards harmonization and interoperability
2. IPv6 adoption
3. Spectrum management that does not restrict the deployment of IoT networks
4. Demand for IoT services by the public sector as a driver
5. Policies and regulation on data protection and privacy, and data flows
6. Cybersecurity
7. Capabilities for the development of IoT solutions
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM
01020304050607080
Infraestructura
Conectividad
Digitalización de loshogares
Digitalización de laproducción
Nivel de competenciaIndustrias Digitales
Factores de producción
Institucional y regulatorio
OCDE LAC
Connectivity
Home digitization
Productiondigitization
Market competitionDigital industries
Production factors
Institutions and regulations
Infrastructure
Waves of technological development and the stages of productive transformation
Management systems, data processing, mobile telecommunications
Automation, decentralization of productive chains
1950‐1975 1960‐2000
2010 ‐ in progress
Internet platforms, cloud computing
Redefinition of productive processes, cost reduction and
digital commercialization
1970‐1990 1995 ‐ in progress
IoT, Robotics, AI, Machine learning,
Blockchain
New business models, virtualization of
stadiums in the value chain
1980 ‐ in progress
2005 ‐ in progress
From 2020
1990‐2010
Technologicalinnovation
Productiontransformation Development Adoption Time period of
impact
THE HUMAN CAPITAL GAP
a) LAC, 2004‐2018
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Digitalización Capital humanoDigitization Human capital
b) Europe, 2004‐2016
Indexes of digitization and of human capital
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Digitalización Capital humanoDigitization Human capital
Digital skills: action lines Demand
• Promote enrollment in technological careers
• Provide an adequate base of primary and secondary education to increase the number of graduates in careers related to technology.
• Sensitize society on demand in digital technologiesOferta
• Supply
• Adapt and flexibilize the curriculum to adapt to technological dynamism: shorter careers and revaluation of technical careers.
• Dialogue between actors to adapt more real world and academic world
• Training for the current workforce
The great disruption1. The digitization process is accelerating
• Effects beyond cost reduction
• Disruption of industries and sectors
• Disruption in policies: fiscal, commercial, monetary, competition, labor and social security.
• Effects are intersectoral and transnational.
• There is a digital divide, but the adoption in the region is fast and there are no lags like those of the industrial‐age
• Promote innovation and affordability to new technologies• Development of sectoral solutions based on digital technologies
• Public‐private collaboration
• The need of a new governance• That brings together traditional and new actors in various sectors of the economy
• International multilateralism: regional digital market