Smart People magazine 5/2009

8/14/2019 Smart People magazine 5/2009

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-people-magazine-52009 1/34

U`lsw }io}di

Xodyì <Kuuyi 9

ui]Wi`CiS 3==;

Gkfkwld fijislwkoju cskjf bjovdigfi wo dkhi

U@

Bjovdigfi Elhëu

Giu}islwkoj Diw‛u doob lw wai

cijihwu*

Lwwijwkoj>[oys iq}iswkui ku lcoyw wo iq}ksi*Aisi‛u aid}*

]lsw KK> Ulxkjf wai eo`}lj{ Vosblsoyjgu vkdd ulxi

g{u yjewkojldeo`}lj{*

Lìskelj @yudk` Csilbu govj

clsskisu vaisixis uai foiu*

[oy goj‛w jiig wslkjkjf ― vaij wslkjkjf

kuj‛w wai ljuvis*

Aov eojxisulwkoj cskjfu B@ cleb wo }io}d



Voydgj‛w {oy nyuw doxi wo wl} waiui }aojiu?

W l u i wai }luuk[ s sfljk~lwk j s e fjk~ wa xl bj v gf * L fs lw g lal c j } jw j }s e ljg { w * C w w lj{ { s }

jwa kl wke lg }w s *

V gj‛w kw c v jg s k { e g wslj s wa ks j sf{ ekl j wv sb wa { x ljg f w wa l bkjg bj v gf -e lc slwk j f kjf lw v sb? [ elj*

U`lsw ]io}di cskgfiu wai fl} u lsw ] } lfl~kj wl} kjw wa ekl j wv sbkjf esl~ ljg ewa j sf{ w wa v sb } le * Kw‛ l e w w a } } }c j hw c wa j wv sbkjf ljg bj v gf v sbkjf*

J v { elj e -csljg wa lfl~kj vkwa } ekl lw s } ekhe w

sfljk~lwk j* Wa j { lb kw lxlk lc w l { s bj v gf ve k jw ljg }} k s * Wa {‛ x kw$ ljg kw vk ealjf wavl{ wakjf f w g j ls jg { s } le *

U`lsw ]io}di ljg U`lsw Osfljk~lwkoju

Eojwlew U`lsw ]io}di }ycdkuais$ Niss{ Lua u`lsw*fy{<Mu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

os giwlkdu* Os eldd ak`> 1<5*559*<599



U@LSW ]IO]DI <

Xodyì <

Kuuyi 9 ui]Wi`CiS 3==;

Eoxis uwos{ 7 Uyfls syua lw wai

Bjovdigfi El ë Aov eojxisulwkoj ku cskjfkjf B@ cleb wo wai}io}di*

VOSBKJF 8 Vaij {oy goj‛w jiig wslkjkjf @ljlfiìjw ohwij wskiu wo q l}socdi` vkwa wslkjkjf vaij wslkjkjf

kuj‛w wai ljuvis*1 Sydiu o ijflfiìjw Vaij dilgkjf }io}di$ wilù$ ljgosfljk~lwkoju waisi lsij‛w lj{sihisiiu cyw {oy csilb sydiu lw {oysovj skub*

Lduo kj waku kuuyi

Ikfaw josù o silgisu 5 Wai Bjovdigfi Hlewos 7= B@ Ukq ]leb]lsw Hoys oh l uiskiu oh ukq lswkediu kjwsogyeiujivd{ ijflfigi`}do{iiu ljg`ljlfisu wo wai clukeuoh bjovdigfi-cluigijwis}skui*

EAOOUKJF <= ]lsw KK> Ulxkjf wai eo`}lj{ ]io}di vkdd ealjfi wai osfljk~lwkoj c{ jgkjf vosblsoyjgu wo waig{uhyjewkojld }soeiuuiu kj waiksosfljk~lwkoju*

<3 Ojdkji `lsbiwkjf Siwlkd ljg aoì uao}}kjf csljgulgl}w wo eojjiew ojdkji vkwa wai—i`}ovisig eojuyìs*‐

<5 ]leblfkjf

; ]o}}kjf }kddu Aov hls uaoydg l eo`}lj{ fo wok`}soxi kwu vosbhosei?

@lgi kj Eakjl ljg lcuodywid{ si-yulcdi*Eojuyìsu wysj wo owais eoyjwskiu hos waifsiij uodywkoj*



U@LSW ]IO]DI

3 U@LSW ]IO]DI

EAOOUKJF DKXKJF

DILSJKJF

ESILWKJF

3= Lwwijwkoj,[oys iq}iswkui ku lcoyw woiq}ksi* Uelsi {oy? Vidd${oy `l{ ldsilg{ ci

ocuodywi* Waku oji vkdduelsi {oy uwslkfaw,

33 Wai vosdg ku o}ij Lj{oji elj dilsj lj{wakjfhso` lj{cog{ lj{wkì* Aisi‛u l doob lwaov wai Kjwisjiw ku ealjfkjf igyelwkojvosdgvkgi*

35 Goj‛w ìuu vkwa ay`lj jlwysi

Aov eoì waisi‛u joìjwkoj kj wai @CL

edluusoo` oh waik`}oswljei oh eo-ixodxkjfsidlwkojuak}u?

35 Iòwkojld eojwlfkoj [oy elj ikwais u}okd `{ gl{ os`lbi `{ gl{ ― hlekld ìuulfiu coyjei cleb*

38 Giu}islwkoj ku wai òwais o kjxijwkoj

Diw‛u doob lwvalw ciji wu visieikxi vaij vi

jg oysuidxiu kj lgiu}islwi ukwylwkoj*

36 Kjjoxlwkjf ixis{ gl{ Aisi‛u aov wo uyeeiig c{wakjbkjf gkhhisijwd{ kj go~ijuoh sild-dkhi ukwylwkoju*

3; Diw‛u ails kw os wai ìj,

Vo ij lsi diuudkbid{ wo ualsiwaiks esilwkxivosb ojdkji* Va{lsi ìj‛u xokeiugku}so}oswkojlwid{ailsg?

<7 Lìskelj @yudk` Csilbu govj clsskisu c{ yukjf ais bjovdigfi wo cykdg l cskgfi ciwviij gkhhisijw hlkwau ljg eydwysiu*

<8 Va{ lsi uoì }io}di u`lswis? Kw‛u kj wai fijiu$ cyw dilsjkjf lggu òsi eoswkeld ògydiuk`}soxkjf eofjkwkxi ubkddu*

<6 Fiwwkjf wo bjov {oysuid Siuilseais giueskciu waioskiu ciakjg uidh-bjovdigfi ljg

uaovu vi elj fiw wo sildd{ bjov oysuidxiu ciwwis*

<1 Ulì lu elua Cieoì l cdleb cidw jifowklwos ljg `lbi {oysuidh ljowais '9$===-<=$=== l {ils* Owais eydwysiu go kw,

<; Ku {oys lxlwls lw? Hkjg oyw va{ ljg dilsj valw {oy elj go lcoyw kw*



U@LSW ]IO]D

U@LSW ]IO]DI 5

IGKWOSKLD COLSG

Lcoyw U`lsw ]io}diHoddovkjf wai ikfaw josù oh oys silgisuWai igkwoskld }odke{ oh U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kji hoddovu wai —IkfawJosù oh Jiw Fijisu‐ lu giueskcig c{ Goj Wl}ueoww kj aku coob Fsovj Y} Gkfkwld* Vi kjedygi Gkfkwld ]kojiisu ljg Elweakjf Y}

Gkfkwldu*Waku ku l jiv ìgkl }ycdkelwkoj kj ixis{ uijui oh wai vosg* Kwku }ycdkuaig ojdkji yukjf wai kjwislewkxi ealjjidu oh Vic 3*= woijlcdi ‑}souyìsu‛ ― }io}di vao vljw wo alxi l aljg kj ual}kjf wai`lfl~kji ― wo eoddlcoslwi oj eojwijw ljg gksiewkoj*

Wai Ikfaw Josù vi yui lu oys fykgidkjiu lsi>Hsiigo`> Jiw Fijisu gi`ljg wai hsiigo` wo eaooui* Wai òsi wai ciwwis* Wai Kjwisjiw alu ijlcdig walw skfaw ljg vi ilfisd{ eo`}iwi kjwalw ijxksojìjw*Eyuwo`k~lwkoj> Wai `lfl~kji vkdd eojwkjyi wo ixodxi lu U`lsw]io}di si}siuijwlwkxiu aouw gkueyuukoj fsoy}u kj wai uoekld jiwvosb

ljg lgxoelwi ealjfiu kj wai `lfl~kji*Uesywkj{>Vi iq}iew u`lsw }io}di wo iql`kji oys xldyi ljggiwis`kji vaiwais oys `lfl~kji ku yjk|yi ljg voswa wkì ljgòji{* Ljg$ vi iq}iew wo ci eojwkjyldd{ wiuwig*Kjwifskw{>Wo ilsj {oys wsyuw$U`lsw ]io}di `yuw gidkxis |yldkw{$sidixlje{ ljg wsywa c{ ualskjf wai ciuw oh bjovdigfi ljgkjhos`lwkoj hso` wai òuw sidklcdi oh uoyseiu*Eoddlcoslwkoj> U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kji alu ciij gixido}ig kjeoddlcoslwkoj vkwa uoekld jiwvosbisu kj lj o}ij$ ojdkji vosbukwi*Oys }souyìsu eojwkjyi wo ci oys ‑colsg oh gksiewosu*‛Ijwiswlkjìjw> Vi dilsj ljg vi go oys ciuw vaij vi‛si alxkjfhyj*U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kji ku gidkcislwid{ |ykeb ljg dkxid{ ljg hyddoh ìljkjf$ ldd lw ojei*U}iig> Jo oji ixis ulkg `lfl~kjiu visi u}iig{* Cyw wai{‛dd ul{ kwlcoyw waku oji* Wai `lfl~kji `l{ ci l }iskogkeld$ cyw wai ov oh eojxisulwkoj ku jov*Kjjoxlwkoj> Waisi‛u jixis ciij lj{wakjf dkbi U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kji*Vi glsi wo ci gkhhisijw cielyui vi wakjb gkhhisijwd{ ljg vi ysfioys silgisu wo wakjb gkhhisijwd{ woo* Vi aiig wai Ikfaw Josù cielyui vi cidkixi kj wai`*

Glxkg F sw j

Bjovdigfi @ljlfiìjw

W Glx j} sw

Kjhos`lwkoj Wieajodof{

L ke `leFk kxsl{

U`lsw ]io}di Jiwvosbisu

S c sw V jg x s

Fijislwkojld Uwygkiu

Wa U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kj C lsg Gks ew s kels { ljg wa gkel { e j ws ew g w ls }s jwlwk j wa } s jl ljg }s k j

s l gk je $ sljfkjf s q} sw w sgkj} } * V kjxkw ff wk j ljg l k wljeN ss{ L a> lsw*f {<M lsw} } lfl~kj *e

]ycdkuais Niss{ Luau`lsw*fy{<Mu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`@ljlfkjf igkwos @keaidi Lua`keaidiMu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

Wieajodof{ c{ Cosku Nlifis cosku*nlifisMu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

Fsl}ake giukfj c{ Luuoeklwig ]sohiuukojld Uisxkeiugiukfjis_l}uMxisk~oj*jiw

Uoekld jiwvosb aouwu

ijwks e jw jw e }{skfaw g$ 3==;$ c{ L eklw g ]s k jl u sxke $ } c k a s* L skfaw ls s sx g* E jw jw l{ j w c s } c k a g !kj }skjw

s ews jkel {+ vkwa w } s k k j wa } c k a s*o}kjk j q}s g ls wa wa vskw s ljg l{ j w s }s jw wa }kjk j L eklw g ]s k jlu sxke s u lsw ] } lfl~kj *

u lsw ] } lfl~kj L eklw g ]s k jl u sxke <1<< Lwsk Gskx u j Ekw{ E jw s$ H skgl 55965 ]a j > 1<5*857*75;6

vvv*u`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

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Dkcsls{ ljg Kjhos`lwkoj Uekijei



EOXIS UWOS[

7 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Uyfls syua lw wai Bjovdigfi ElhëAov eojxisulwkoj ku cskjfkjf B@ cleb wo wai }io}diGlxkg Fyswiij‛u Bjovdigfi El ë$ aouwig c{ eaoeodlwi `ljy lewysis Elgcys{ lw kwu ailg|ylswisu

kj Coysjxkddi$ Ijfdljg$ csoyfaw wofiwais }io}di wo gkueyuu wai sodi o eojxisulwkoj kj cyukjiuuC{ Noljjl Foog`lj

Valw csoyfaw ì wo wai YB‛u òuwhlòyu eaoeodlwi `ljyhlewysis?

K alxi ciij iq}iskìjwkjfvkwa kesocdoffkjf oj Wvkwwis*@{ fsovkjf dkuw oh eojjiewkoju ku csolgijkjf `{ silgkjf oj KW ljgB@$ K l` kju}ksig c{ wai |yowlwkojwviiwu ljg K‛xi lduo gkueoxisig leoy}di oh foog siuwlysljwu*

Sieijwd{$ K giekgig wo iq}dosihyswais* Lj{oji kjwisiuwig kjwieajodof{ vkdd ci lvlsi oh waivickjlsu$ ui`kjlsu$ vakwi }l}isuljg owais siuoyseiu }soòwkjfuoekld jiwvosbkjf lu l vl{ oh

coouwkjf {oys cyukjiuu ― ljg {oysbjovdigfi clui*

Uo kw‛u kjwisiuwkjf ― ljg l dkwwdiksojke ― walw K gkueoxisig oj Wvkwwisl B@ ixijw giukfjig wo }soòwihlei-wo-hlei eo``yjkelwkoj$ cowakj kwu ovj hos`lw ljg kj kwu uycniew`lwwis*

Glxkg Fyswiij vlu osfljk~kjfl Bjovdigfi Elhë wo gkueyuu> Valwku wai cyukjiuu sodi oh eojxisulwkoj ljgaov go vi ijeoyslfi òsi }sogyewkxieojxisulwkoju vkwakj oys osfljk~lwkoj?

Ai yuig Wvkwwis wo kjxkwi}io}di wo }lswkek}lwi kj hlei-wo-hleieojxisulwkoju lcoyw eojxisulwkoj*

Wai wviiwu kj lgxljei oh waiixijw }so`kuig l dkxid{ giclwi luwviiwisu cljgkig nobiu lsoyjgwai jlìu oh }o}ydls Elgcys{eaoeodlwi clsu —Vkdd vi alxi woVku}l?‐ lubig oji* —Vkdd wai}siuijwis fkxi yu l Wvksd?‐ |yk}}igljowais*

Jilsd{ 9=}io}di ìw lwwai Elgcys{ailg|ylswisu$vakea

si iew waieo`}lj{‛uoskfkju ljgkwu iq}ljukojkjwo l fdocld csljg vkwaXkewosklj cykdgkjfuuyssoyjgig c{ l ayfi ak-wiea el`}yu*

[oy eljk`ìgklwid{

uii va{ kwkju}ksig wai Soldg Glad joxidEalsdki ljg wai Eaoeodlwi Hlewos{*

Lhwis l uaosw jiwvosbkjfuiuukoj$ vaisi ul`}diu oh Elgcys{eaoeodlwi dkhwig wai òog$ vi ulwgovj lw wlcdiu oh ukq hos l cskih kjwsogyewkoj wo wai BjovdigfiElhë*

Valw ku l Bjovdigfi Elhë?Leeosgkjf wo Glxkg Fyswiij$

—L Bjovdigfi Elhë ku giukfjigwo ijflfi }io}di vkwa l uycniewos waiì* Vi uwlsw vkwa l uaoswwldb ljg hoeyu oj oji os wvo o}ijijgig |yiuwkoju*

]lswkek}ljwu csilb kjwo fsoy}uwo gkueyuu wai waiì ljg |yiuwkojuljg waij sieojxiji kjwo oji dlsfifsoy} hos l jld gkueyuukoj* WaiElhë ku jow lcoyw `lbkjf giekukoju$ cyw lcoyw flkjkjf l ciwwis `ywyldyjgisuwljgkjf oh l wo}ke os kuuyi*‐

Wai kgil ku wo si}dkelwiwai lwòu}aisi oh eluyld$ cyw}sogyewkxi gkueyuukoju ciwviijhskijgu ljg le|ylkjwljeiu kj l elhëos lsoyjg uoìoji‛u bkweaij wlcdi*

Kw‛u lcoyw yukjf kjhos`ldijflfiìjw wo }soòwi i`}lwa{ljg yjgisuwljgkjf$ waisic{ cykdgkjf }sogyewkxi !vosbkjf+sidlwkojuak}u ljg lxokgkjf ljglggsiuukjf !}owijwkld os lewyld+}socdiù*

Elgcys{ B@> yukjfuekijei ljg wieajodof{wo esilwi `lfke

Doykui Wkssi$ hso` Elgcys{‛ufdocld bjovdigfi ljlfiìjwwieajodof{ ljg ijflfiìjw wil`$iq}dlkjig aov Elgcys{ yuiuuekijei ljg wieajodof{ wo esilwi`lfke*

Doykui wslxidu lsoyjg waivosdg uy}}oswkjf Elgcys{‛ueo``yjkwkiu oh }slewkei$ vakealòjf owais wakjfu$ gkueoxis wluwiuljg }sihisijeiu oh eojuyìsukj gkhhisijw sifkoju ljg yui wakukjhos`lwkoj wo gixido} csljgu oh eaoeodlwi$ eljg{ ljg fy`*



U@LSW ]IO]DI 9

EOXIS UWOS

Noljjl Foog`lj ku l Dojgoj-cluig

siidljei vskwis ljg igkwos u}iekldk~kjf kj wai difld ljg cyukjiuu uiewos*Uai alu vskwwij iqwijukxid{ oj wieajodof{$kj os`lwkoj ljg bjovdigfi `ljlfiìjw$eo``yjkelwkoj ljg eos}oslwi uoekldsiu}ojukckdkw{*Eojwlew Noljjl lw noljjl*foog`ljM cwkjwisjiw*eo`

B@ lw Elgcys{ alu gixido}igl xlskiw{ oh siuoyseiu aid}kjfljg ijeoyslfkjf }io}di wo ualsikjhos`lwkoj ljg iq}iswkui lesouuwai cyukjiuu wo gixido}$ ualsi ljgsiyui kgilu*

Eo``yjkwkiu oh }slewkeilsoyjg gkhhisijw u}iekldkuù ualsibjovdigfi ljg gskxi kjjoxlwkoj*

Elgcys{ doobu oywukgi wai cyukjiuu ljg wai kjgyuws{ woo* KwuO}ij Kjjoxlwkoj Wil` hoeyuiu ojeoddlcoslwkjf vkwa }io}di oywukgiElgcys{ wasoyfa Vic ukwiu walwuiib kj}yw oj gixido}kjf siek}iu$}soeiuuiu ljg }sogyewu*

Elgcys{ ku jow nyuw lcoywjiv kgilu* Uoì oh kwu wslgkwkojld

}sogyewu lsi kwu òuw uyeeiuuhyd csljgu*Wai B@ wil` dixislfiu 3==

{ilsu oh kjxijwkjf eaoeodlwi ljgwai eo`}lj{‛u oskfkju lu l hl`kd{ cyukjiuu$ si iewig kj kwu xldyiuljg eydwysi ljg si}siuijwkjf lukfjk eljw }lsw oh wai csljg*

Wai eojxisulwkojIlea wlcdi gkueyuuig wai wo}ke

ljg lhwis l hiv `kjywiu$ oji os wvo

}io}di òxig wo ljowais wlcdi ljggkueyuu wai ulì wo}ke kj l gkhhisijwfsoy}* Hkjldd{$ wai vaodi fsoy}gkueyuuig bi{ waiìu ljg kuuyiu*Hos iql`}di>j Kjwisjld eo`}iwkwkoj ciwviij

kjgkxkgyldu ljg wilùsi}siuijwu l ukfjk eljw ocuwlediwo }sogyewkxi eojxisulwkoj kj cyukjiuu* ]owijwkld uodywkojukjedygi sieofjk~kjf ljgsivlsgkjf eoddlcoslwkoj ljgfkxkjf }io}di esigkw hos waikskgilu* Kw ku yuihyd wo uiw waifsoyjg sydiu lw wai uwlsw oh waieojxisulwkoj*

j Wai skfaw vosbkjf ijxksojìjwhlekdkwlwiu eluyld kjwislewkoj* Waigkdi``l kj wisù oh vosb}dleigiukfj ku walw ldwaoyfa kwku k`}oswljw wo ijeoyslfieoddlcoslwkoj$ }io}di jiig wo cilcdi wo vosb vkwaoyw gkuwslewkoju

j Alxkjf ui}lslwi ìiwkjfu hosgkueyuukoj ljg giekukoj-`lbkjfku l yuihyd vl{ oh uwk`ydlwkjfo}ij$ wsyuwkjf eojxisulwkoj*

j ]sogyewkxi eojxisulwkoju lsijow jieiuulskd{ hlei-wo-hlei*Xkswyld wilù elj vosb woo2uyeeiuu gi}ijgu oj cy{-kj* Hos iql`}di lw Elgcys{$}io}di }yw waiùidxiu oyw wo nokj eo``yjkw{ oh }slewkei

widieojhisijeiu$ jowvkwauwljgkjfwai wkì gkhhisijei ciwviij}lswkek}ljwu*

Cskjfkjf B@ clebwo wai }io}di

Bjovdigfi Elhëu lsi lhljwluwke jiwvosbkjf o}}oswyjkw{$vaiwais wai{ lsi }ycdke os vkwakjosfljk~lwkoju*

Kj cyukjiuu$ wai{ lsi}lswkeydlsd{ yuihyd hos cskjfkjf

}io}di wofiwais gyskjf ljg lhwisìsfisu$ wo cykdg sidlwkojuak}u ciwviij kjgkxkgyldu ljg wilùljg wsljuhis wlekw os iq}iskijwkldbjovdigfi*

Wai{ lduo ciji w igyelwkojldiuwlcdkuaìjwu ljg eo``yjkwkiuoh }slewkei ljg kjwisiuw* O}ijBjovdigfi Elhëu dkbi wai ojilw Elgcys{ }soòwi kjwis-osfljk~lwkojld ljg kjwis-}isuojldbjovdigfi wsljuhis$ aid}kjf }io}dikj gkhhisijw sodiu$ osfljk~lwkojuljg uiewosu dilsj hso` ilea owais$ohhiskjf hluekjlwkjf kjukfawu kjwogkhhisijw l}}soleaiu wo kjwisjldeo``yjkelwkoj*

Bjovdigfi Elhëu cskjf B@ cleb wo wai }io}di* B@ iq}iswu$uekijwkuwu$ ijfkjiisu$ ekxkd uisxljwu$igyelwosu$ ealskw{ vosbisu ljgesilwkxiu visi gslvj wo waiElgcys{ ixijw c{ oys kjwisiuw

kj dilsjkjf ljgualskjf bjovdigfi$ c{ wai Kjwisjiw ljgixij c{ Wvkwwis,

Vi gkueyuuigaov kj wai vosdgoh i`lkd$ uoekldjiwvosbkjf$ kjuwljwìuulfkjf ljgwiqwkjf$ vi elj cskjf wai lsw oh eojxisulwkoj cleb wo wai vosb}dlei― jow nyuw alxkjfeojxisulwkoju$ cyw alxkjfeojxisulwkoju walwlgg xldyi*

Wai xldyi `l{os `l{ jow cikj wisù oh SOK$`lbkjf òji{os ulxkjf wkì*Eojxisulwkojulgg xldyi kj vl{uwalw lsi gkh eydwwo ìluysi> c{ lxokgkjf`kuyjgisuwljgkjf$esilwkjf u{jisf{

ciwviij }io}diljg `lbkjf waiks dkxiu ilukis$sigyekjf aluudi ljg aid}kjf woesilwi l fsilw }dlei wo vosb*

Jos ku kw nyuw lcoywosfljk~lwkoju* Bjovdigfi Elhëuelj vosb hos nyuw lcoyw lj{ u}iekldkjwisiuw fsoy}*

—Wai oyweoì hos }lswkek}ljwuvalw wai{ wlbi lvl{ lu kjgkxkgylduwalw wai{ elj lew oj ljg gogkhhisijwd{$‐ iq}dlkju Glxkg*

Wai Vosdg Elhë ku l elui kj}okjw$ vvv*waivosdgelhi*eo`$alxkjf gixido}ig l }soeiuu vaisi}io}di fiw wofiwais wo gkueyuu uoekuuyiu dkbi uyuwlkjlckdkw{ ― wai oh wai iqisekui cikjf `lbkjf oysvosdg l fsilw }dlei wo dkxi*

Wo jg oyw òsi lcoyw FyswiijBjovdigfi Elhëu$ xkukw vvv*fyswiij*eo`



VOSBKJF

8 U@LSW ]IO]DI

V O S B K J FVaij {oy goj‛wjiig wslkjkjf

C{ @keaidi @lswkj

Vaij `ljlfiìjw jguwalw uwlhh lsi jow ijflfkjf kjvosb cialxkosu giuksig c{ waiosfljk~lwkoj$ wai{ ohwij wysjwo wslkjkjf lu wai siu}ojuihos — qkjf‐ wai }socdi`* Cywwslkjkjf hsi|yijwd{ kuj‛w wailjuvis*

K vljw wo ualsi xiukwylwkoju walw voj‛w cisiuodxig c{ wslkjkjf*

<* Wo lbi y} hos }oosd{

giukfjig vosb }soeiuuiu@lj{ osfljk~lwkojualxi }oosd{ giukfjig vosb }soeiuuiu ljg eyuwoìs ov*Waiui }soeiuuiu alxi ohwij ciij niss{-skffig wo ìiwsifydlwkoju os leeo`òglwiuoì uaosweo`kjf*

Uwlhh alxi ohwij gixido}igvosblsoyjgu walw wlbi waièdouis wo waiks foldu os walwelj ci goji òsi |ykebd{ ljgkw ku waiui vosblsoyjgu walw`ljlfiìjw goiuj‛w dkbi*

Cyw fijisldd{ wai siluojwalw uwlhh lsij‛w lgaiskjfwo l vosb }odke{ os }soeiuuku cielyui wai }soeiuu kuj‛wvosbkjf*

Wai{ bjov }ishiewd{ viddvalw wai{ uaoydgci gokjf$uo dleb oh ubkdd kuj‛w waiks}socdi`*

Kjuwilg$ wai{ jg walw wai}soeiuu ku jow vosbkjf hoswai`$ uo wai{ gixkui uoìowais vl{ wo fiw waiks nocgoji*

3* Lu l si}dleiìjw hos eossiewkxi lewkojUixisld {ilsu lfo vaij

K vlu wai AS `ljlfis hosl dlsfi `ljyhlewysis$ vialg uoì uiskoyu }socdiù

vkwa l eoy}di oh `ljlfisuvao visi ijflfkjf kj uiqyldalsluuìjw*

Slwais walj gkuek}dkjkjfwai wvo ohhijgisu$ `{ couukjukuwig walw vi jiigig wosyj l wslkjkjf eoysui hos ldd oh wai `ljlfisu kj wai eo`}lj{!oxis 9= }io}di+*

Ukjei wai{ alg jixis gojiuiqyld alsluuìjw wslkjkjf cihosi$ syjjkjf l uiuukojvluj‛w l clg kgil*

Cyw kw vluj‛w wai eo`}diwiljuvis wo wai }socdi`$ ikwais*

Valw vlu sildd{ jiigig vluwo yui l eossiewkxi lewkoj}soeiuu vkwa wai ohhijgkjfi`}do{iiu*

K‛xi hoyjg walw`lj{ osfljk~lwkojulsi yjeo`hoswlcdi vkwaeojhsojwkjf lj i`}do{ii vaoku jow ijflfkjf kj giuksigvosb cialxkosu*

Kh l hiv }io}di lsi alxkjfl }socdi` vkwa eo`kjf cleb hso` dyjea oj wkì$ wai jiqwwakjf {oy bjov ixis{ojiku kj l wslkjkjf oj —wkì`ljlfiìjw*‐

Wslkjkjf uaoydg jixis cil si}dleiìjw hos eossiewkxilewkoj* Kw‛u hsyuwslwkjf wo wai}io}di vao lsi cialxkjfl}}so}sklwid{ ljg wai uwlhh vkwa wai }socdi` fijisldd{goj‛w cidkixi walw wai wslkjkjfku gksiewig lw wai`*

5* Wo ulwkuh{ l—si|yksiìjw‐ hos }sohiuukojldgixido}ìjw Oji oh `{ edkijwu eojwslewu

wo l dlsfi foxisjìjw lfije{walw si|yksiu }iskogke uwlhh gixido}ìjw*

Ldwaoyfa kj }skjek}diwaku ku l foog wakjf$ kj

}slewkei valw al}}iju ku walw`ljlfisu sildk~i lw wai dluw`kjywi walw wai{‛si uy}}ouigwo ci gokjf uwlhh wslkjkjf lweiswlkj wkìu gyskjf wai {ils$uo wai{ syj lsoyjg ws{kjf wo

jg l wo}ke ljg l wslkjis woulwkuh{ wai si|yksiìjw*

Ojfokjf }sohiuukojldgixido}ìjw ku xis{ `yea ljieiuukw{ kj wogl{‛u ieojo`{*Cyw kw elj‛w al}}ij nyuw wo}soxi walw {oy‛si }soxkgkjfwslkjkjf wo uwlhh*

Kw jiigu wo ci }lsw

oh l dlsfis }sohiuukojldgixido}ìjw }dljjkjf }soeiuuwalw alu edilsd{ kgijwk igu}iek e ubkddu walw uwlhh jii

Ljg lssljfkjf hos waiwslkjkjf uaoydg ci gojiwaoyfawhydd{$ jow al}al~lsgd

7* Vaij }ishos`ljeiiq}iewlwkoju alxi jow ciij }so}isd{ gixido}igK‛xi vskwwij }sixkoyud{ !k

owais }ycdkelwkoju+ lcoyw aov}ishos`ljei iq}iewlwkojulsi wai sild gskxisu oh uwlhh cialxkos ljg aov wai{ `yuw ci }so}isd{ hos`ydlwig wo ci ihhiewkxi kj ijeoyslfkjfuwlhh wo ijflfi kj wai vosb cialxkosu {oy giuksi*

]io}di siu}ojg wo waiu{uwiù kj vakea wai{ o}islwi― wai{ wijg wo go valw wai{lsi sivlsgig hos gokjf ljgwo jow go wai wakjfu walw lsikfjosig os }yjkuaig*

K elj wslkj yjwkd wai eovueoì aoì$ cyw kh uwlhh lsijow fokjf wo ci sivlsgig hosyukjf wai ubkddu K‛` wileakjf$waij kw‛u yjdkbid{ walw wai{ lewyldd{ yui wai` oj wai noc*

Cihosi {oy fiw uoìojikj wo go l wslkjkjf uiuukoj$

suw `lbi uysi walw {oy‛xi



U@LSW ]IO]DI 6

VOSBKJ

uiw wai skfaw iq}iewlwkojuhos }ishos`ljei walw vkddijeoyslfi vosbisu wo yui valwwai{‛si cikjf wlyfaw*

9* Vaij {oy goj‛w alxi`ljlfiìjw yjgisuwljgkjf ljg cy{-kjK elj‛w widd {oy wai jy`cis

oh wslkjkjfu K‛xi eojgyewigwalw uy}isxkuosu ljg `ljlfisualg jo edyi lcoyw*

Waku ku kjxlsklcd{ lsiek}i hos hsyuwslwkoj ljgeojhyukoj cielyui uwlhh goj‛wyjgisuwljg va{ wai{‛xi ciijuijw wo l wslkjkjf lcoyw vakeawaiks `ljlfisu alxi jo sild

bjovdigfi*Wai{ bjov walw wai ubkdduwai{‛si dilsjkjf vkdd jow ciyuig os sikjhoseig oj wai nockh waiks `ljlfisu goj‛w bjovlj{wakjf lcoyw waiui ubkddu$ uowo wai`$ wai wslkjkjf cieoìu—jkei wo bjov$‐ slwais walj—jiig wo bjov*‐

Ljg kj òuw osfljk~lwkoju$waisi‛u jo wkì hos —jkei wobjov*‐

Lu K ulkg ilsdkis$ wslkjkjfojd{ vosbu vaij }ishos`ljeiiq}iewlwkoju alxi ciij edilsd{lswkeydlwig ljg wai wslkjkjfuy}}oswu waoui iq}iewlwkoju*

Hos waku wo ci wai elui$`ljlfisu yuw bjov valw‛ufokjf oj kj wai wslkjkjfuiuukoju waiks uwlhh lsilwwijgkjf* Ljg wai{ `yuw cilcdi wo kjeos}oslwi valw uwlhh lsi dilsjkjf kjwo wai glkd{vosb oh uwlhh*

Vkwaoyw `ljlfiìjwyjgisuwljgkjf ljg cy{-kj$waisi vkdd ci dkwwdi wsljuhisoh wslkjkjf wo wai noc* Vakeaìlju walw wslkjkjf alu }siww{`yea ciij l vluwi*

Uo vaij kuwslkjkjf wailjuvis? Hos wslkjkjf wo ciihhiewkxi$ waiui eojgkwkoju`yuw ci ìw>j Uwlhh `yuw dleb ubkdd kj wai

lsil kj vakea wslkjkjf vkdd ci }soxkgig*

Kh }io}di goj‛w bjovaov wo }so}isd{ }ishos`l wlub$ waij wslkjkjf eljwilea wai` aov wo go walw*Cyw kh waisi‛u uoì owaissiluoj walw uwlhh lsij‛w cialxkjf kj l eiswlkj vl{$wslkjkjf voj‛w aid}*

j ]ishos`ljei iq}iewlwkojualxi ciij edilsd{ uiwljg wai wslkjkjf walw‛u

}soxkgig edilsd{ dilgu wouwlhh cikjf lcdi wo ìiwwaiui iq}iewlwkoju*

j @ljlfisu alxi l edilsyjgisuwljgkjf oh valwku cikjf wlyfaw kj waiwslkjkjf*

j Waisi‛u l }dlj hos ijuyskjfwalw uwlhh alxi wai woodu$siuoyseiu ljg uy}}oswu woyui wai jiv ubkddu vaijwai{ siwysj wo wai noc*

Aov `lj{ wkìualxi {oy }lswkek}lwigkj eo`}ywis wslkjkjfwasii òjwau cihosi waieo`}ywis lsskxig oj {oysgiub?

Aov `yea gkg {oylewyldd{ siì`cis? ‑Jyhh ulkg*

j Vosb }soeiuuiu alxi ciijlgnyuwig wo kjeos}oslwi waiyui oh wai jiv ubkddu*

Kh uwlhh lsi cikjfwlyfaw aov wo yui jivwoodu$ waij wai yui oh waouiwoodu uaoydg ci i`ciggigkj waiks glkd{ vosb*

Kh wai{ lsi cikjf

wlyfaw u}iek e vl{u woijflfi vkwa edkijwu$ waijvosb }soeiuuiu uaoydguy}}osw uwlhh kj cikjflcdi wo ijflfi kj waoui cialxkosu*Kh {oy elj ìiw waiui

eojgkwkoju$ waij kw‛u wkì woohhis wslkjkjf* Kh jow$ waij{oy jiig wo siwakjb valw{oy‛si gokjf ljg `lbi uoìlgnyuwìjwu wo {oys }dlj*

@keaidi @lswkvosbu vkwa kjgkxkgyldu ljg osfljk~lwkoju wo wslju os` }so iuukojldgixido}ìjw iq}iskijeiu yukjf cdofu$uoekldjiwvosbu$vkbku$ uoekldcoob`lsbkjf ljg owais Vic 3*= wooduCdof> aww}>/`keaidi`lswkj*

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VOSBKJF

1 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Sydiu oh ijflfiìjwHoddov wai sydiu$ cijg os csilb wai`$ os kfjosi waiC{ Glxkg Flske

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Vlkw, Wai oh ekldu lsi ayggdig kj wai `kggdi oh wai idg ljg waij l {iddov }ijldw{ lflueijgu kjwo wai lks$ Kddifld hosvlsg }luu* Wai }sixkoyu }dl{ ku xokgig ljg wai wil` ku }ijldk~ig*Uysid{ wai eolea `yuw alxi bjovj walw waku w{}i oh }dl{ vlu lflkjuw wai sydiu* Os gkg ai?

Kh waku xis{ ulì }dl{ alg ciij syj wai }sixkoyu uiluoj kw voydg alxi ciij }ishiewd{ difldljg vkwakj wai sydiu$ cyw lj ohh-uiluoj sydi ealjfi `lgi waku }dl{ kddifld* [iw$ wai eolea vluyjlvlsi oh kw* Ai gkgj‛w bjov wai sydiu* Kw }soxig wo ci l eouwd{ `kuwlbi ukjei aku wil` douw vai

wai o}}oukjf wil` ueosig l dluw uieojg idg fold*Vaij kw eoìu wo dilgkjf }io}di$ wilù$ ljg osfljk~lwkoju$ waisi lsij‛w lj{ sihisiiu }siuijwwo `lbi uysi vi hoddov wai sydiu* Oxis ljg oxis lflkj$ dilgisu eldd wai vsojf }dl{u vkwaoyw

ixij bjovkjf wai{‛si csilbkjf wai sydiu* Ldd dilgisu lsi gkhhisijw ljg ldd dilgisu dilggkhhisijwd{* Hoswyjlwid{ hos yu waisi lsij‛w xis{ `lj{ sydiu hos dilgkjf*

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}io}di$ kw‛u walw wai{ yjgisuwljg valw owkxlwiu }io}di$ valw gskxiu wai`$ ljgesilwi wai o}}oswyjkwkiu hos wai` wo ulwkuh{ waoui òwkxlwkoju*

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ekseyùwljei$ lj{ kj yijei walw dilgisu ijno{ ku l gksiew siuydw oh wai vkddkjfjiuu oh waiks hoddovisu wo lddov waiùidxiu wo ci kj yijeig c{ dilgisu* Kh hoddovisu lsij‛w

vkddkjf wo ci dig$ wai dilgisu lsi }ovisdiuu* Ihhiewkxi dilgisu hoeyu oj wai jiigu$ vljwu$giuksiu$ ljg iq}iewlwkoju oh waiks hoddovisu2 ixis{ lewkoj wai{ wlbi ku kjwijgig woaid} hoddovisu ulwkuh{ waoui jiigu$ vljwu ljg iq}iewlwkoju*

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U@LSW ]IO]DI ;

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Uo aisi vi lsi kj 3==;$ljg wai }skjek}ld kjhos`lwkoj

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I`lkd alu lddovig òsi

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oh waku lgxljwlfi ljg esilwkjfeojukgislcdi ljkòukw{*j Wai dkcsls{ alu ciijdlsfid{ uy}}dljwig c{ waikjwsljiw$ cyw kw ku jov `yeaalsgis wo jg wakjfu ljgwaisi lsi hivis kjhos`lwkoj}sohiuukojldu lcdi wo aid}{oy jg uwyhh$ uo uilseakjfwlbiu dojfis ljg ku diuuihhiewkxi* Wai kjwsljiw kjòuw osfljk~lwkoju ku uwkddyuig }skjek}ldd{ hos wai ulìwvo }ys}ouiu> doobkjf y}}odkekiu ljg }soeigysiu$ ljggksiewoskiu*j I `lkd alu lddovig l`luukxi kjesilui kj wailòyjw oh vosb gidiflwkoj ciwviij i`}do{iiu kj òuwosfljk~lwkoju*

Kw ku ilukis wo gidiflwivosb vaij {oy goj‛w alxiwo hlei wai }isuoj {oy‛silubkjf wo go kw$ ixij waoyfawai ealjei oh kw cikjf gojividd ku diuu* I`lkd lduo lddovu`yea òsi }soesluwkjlwkoj kjosfljk~lwkoju ― }io}diuijg si|yiuwu hos

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osfljk~lwkoj‛u }ycdke Kjwisjiwukwi$ cyw kj waiui idiewsojkehosù kw ku òuwd{ yjsilg*

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<* Vi alxi jow gojilj{wakjf wo uycuwljwkxid{k`}soxi wai lckdkw{ oh uijkos `ljlfiìjw wo`ljlfi wai cyukjiuu!k*i*$ wo `ljlfi elua

ov$ ualsi }skei$ skubu oso}}oswyjkwkiu+*

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ovu walw `lwwis kjosfljk~lwkoju$ os wai|yldkw{ oh wai kjhos`lwkoj*Vi alxi$ kj uaosw$

k`}di ijwig l uodywkoj walwlggsiuuig jo }socdi`* Vikjwsogyeig jiv B@ woodu cielyui vi eoydg*

Kh walw visi wai ijg oh waiuwos{$ vi eoydg nyuw uasyf ohh B@ lu ljowais cyukjiuu hlgljg òxi oj*

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ovu walw `lwwis$ uoìwakjfwalw esilwiu l uieojgo}}oswyjkw{ hos B@ }io}di wolewyldd{ go uoìwakjf yuihyd*

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EAOOUKJF

<3 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Ojdkji lsbiwkjfSiwlkdisu ijflfi }ovis oh Kjwisjiw uao}}isL jiv si}osw }ycdkuaig c{Iq}isklj$ l fdocld kjhos`lwkojuisxkeiu eo`}lj{$ uyffiuwuwalw siwlkd ljg aoì uao}}kjf csljgu jiig wo lgl}w kj osgiswo eojjiew ojdkji vkwa —waii`}ovisig eojuyìs*‐

Wai si}osw$ wkwdig—Ijflfkjf Ojdkji vkwa waiI`}ovisig Eojuyìs$‐akfadkfawu walw wai skui oh Vic3*= ljg uoekld jiwvosbkjf$}skei eo`}lskuoj ukwiu ljgojdkji gkueoyjw eogiu alxi ldddig wo eojuyìsu iq}iewkjffsilwis xldyi ljg uisxkeidixidu* Leeosgkjf wo Iq}isklj‛usi}osw$ wai sildkw{ ku walw `lj{siwlkdisu ljg aoì uao}}kjfeo`}ljkiu lsi hlkdkjf wo dkxi

j 79 }iseijw oh eyuwoìsulsi ukjfdi }ysealuisu$ vkwa

fysiu skukjf lu akfa lu 69}iseijw kj uoì eluiu*

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j 5= }iseijw oh eyuwoìsufijislwi jilsd{ 6= }iseijwoh sixijyiu*Iq}isklj‛u si}osw uyffiuwu

walw csljgu jiig wo ijeoyslfisi}ilw }ysealukjf ljgdo{ldw{ c{ cdijgkjf oh kjiljg ojdkji kjukfawu wo gkewlwi}siekuid{ aov ljg vaij leo`}lj{ ijflfiu vkwa wogl{‛ukjesilukjfd{-ulxx{ eyuwoìsu*

Hos iql`}di$ kjukfawhso` Akwvkui$ lj Iq}isklj

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Leeosgkjf wo wai si}osw‛ulywaosu$ wai ckffiuw }socdi`ku walw vakdi `lj{ eo`}ljkiualxi l `ydwk-ealjjid`lsbiwkjf uwslwif{ kj }dlei$òsi ohwij walj jow kw o}islwiu

kj kuodlwkoj oh wai siuw oh wai csljg }oswhodko*Wai siuydw hos wai

eojuyìs ku l hslfìjwigiq}iskijei vkwa kjeojukuwijwuisxkei dixidu ljg xldyi}so}oukwkoju*

Ojdkji eojuyìs cialxkos ku ealjfkjf sl}kgd{ljg vakdi ojdkji hluakojsiwlkdisu alxi i`csleig

ojdkji uwslwifkiu uyea luiq}ljgkjf i`lkd `lsbiwkjfljg uilsea uwslwifkiu$ ljgwlsfiwkjf dkhiuw{di ljg uoekldjiwvosbkjf ukwiu$ wslgkwkojldelwldofyi siwlkdisu alxifijisldd{ jow ciij lu |ykeb wolgl}w*

Lu l siuydw$ ojdkjihluakoj siwlkdisu alxi uiijl 5< }iseijw kjesilui kj YBKjwisjiw wslh e oxis wai dluw<3 òjwau eo`}lsig wo nyuwoji }iseijw hos wslgkwkojldelwldofyi eo`}ljkiuleeosgkjf wo Akwvkui*

@lski @{diu$ gksiewosoh `lsbiwkjf eojuydwkjfhos Iq}isklj‛u Kjwifslwig@lsbiwkjf gkxkukoj$eo`ìjwig> —Oys jivsi}osw dkhwu wai dkg oj va{ijflfkjf ojdkji vkwa waii`}ovisig eojuyìs ku l cyukjiuu k`}islwkxi kj wogl{‛u

woyfa ieojo`ke edk`lwi* Waihlew walw ojdkji siwlkdkjf alufsovj c{ 7= }iseijw kj waidluw <3 òjwau yjgisdkjiuva{ csljgu `yuw ealjfi waivl{ wai{ eo``yjkelwi*

—Vakdi ‑vov‛ hlewosu vkd ci ìòslcdi ljg fijislwieojxisulwkoju$ kjjoxlwkojukj `lsbiwkjf ljg csljgdo{ldw{ vkdd ci douw kh wai clukeu eojwkjyi wo ci kfjosig*

Fsilwis i`}aluku jiigu wo ci}dleig oj wai iq}dokwlwkoj ljgl}}dkelwkoj oh iqkuwkjf glwlluuiwu* Wai ijaljeig kjukfawgiskxig hso` waku l}}solealjg wai òxi wo l eoosgkjlwigeyuwoìs eojwlew uwslwif{ vkdilg wo òsi }so wlcdi ljgdojfis sidlwkojuak}u ciwviij csljgu ljg eojuyìsu*‐

y} wo eojuyìsu‛ `ydwk-ealjjid iq}iewlwkoju*

Yukjf wai aoì uao}}kjfuiewos lu lj iql`}di$Iq}isklj‛u ljld{uku sixilduwai alsua sildkw{ oh eyuwoìsijflfiìjw>



U@LSW ]IO]DI <

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Kj oys viuwisj uoekiwkiuldòuw ldd hoog ljg gskjb }sogyewu lsi }leblfig*]leblfkjf ku yuihyd hosa{fkijke siluoju ljg aid}uwo gsl`lwkeldd{ sigyei hoog-sidlwig kddjiuuiu$ cyw kw ku lddwoo ohwij oxis-giukfjig ljgvluwihyd*

Ojd{ Fis`lj{ alu ayjfojwo wai wslgkwkoj oh siyuiu{uwiù ljg 8= }iseijw oh ldd ciis$ `kjisld vlwis ljg uohw

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Kj Eakjl$ eojuyìsu lsiuwlswkjf wo lgo}w viuwisjeojuy`}wkoj }lwwisjuljg fsovkjf lòyjwuoh }leblfkjf lsi sl}kgd{ cieo`kjf l `lnos kuuyi*

Oxis wai dluw wvo gielgiuwai Eakjiui ieojo`{ alu ciij ijno{kjf fsovwa

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Lcuodyw Xogbl alu ciijoji oh wai òuw keojke csljguukjei wai <;1=u ljg kw gi jiglj isl ljg fijislwkoj lu`yea lu wai ]iw Uao} Co{uljg wai hldd oh wai Cisdkj Vldd*

Dluw {ils wai giukfjis Nl`{ [ljf vlu fkxij waio}}oswyjkw{ wo giukfj wai}soòwkojld }leblfi hosLcuodyw ]ilsu hos wai Eakjiui`lsbiw*

Wai giukfj ku l 3<uweijwys{ kjwis}siwlwkoj oh wai edluuke Lcuodyw cowwdikj eo`ckjlwkoj vkwa siyuihyjewkojldkw{* Wai }leb elj

wlbi wvo cowwdiu$ alu l aljgdiljg$ lu kw ku ilu{ wo elss{$lxokgu wai yui oh l uao}}kjf clf*

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Kw elj lduo ci wlbij cleb wo wai uao} wo uwoeb y} uy}}dkiu os wo hskijgu‛

aoyuiu ljg }lswkiu* Vaijwai eojwlkjis alu sileaig waiijg oh kwu suw e{edi$ kw ku <==}iseijw sie{edlcdi*

Nl`{ [ljf vlu sieijwd{sljbig lu oji oh wai WijIqeiddijw [oyjf EakjiuiGiukfjisu sieofjkwkoj*

Ai uwygkig ljg vosbig kjEakjl ljg kj Fis`lj{ ljgsieikxig xlskoyu kjwisjlwkojldgiukfj lvlsgu kjedygkjf 3==3

Fis`lj{ Sig Gow Eojei}wFodg Lvlsg ljg 3==1 GiukfjHos Lukl Ukdxis Lvlsg*

[ljf ku si}siuijwig c{[-WOVJ$ lj kjgi}ijgijw

csljg ealslewisk~ig c{esilwkxkw{ ljg l hsiua giukfjlwwkwygi*

Wai csljg eojuwljwd{uwsiweaiu wai coyjglskiu oh cilyw{ ljg ay`lj jiigu$lu vidd lu wai kjwislewkoj ciwviij giukfj ljg ixis{gl{dkhi*

Lw wai eosi oh osfljk~lwkoj‛u vosb ku waisigiukfj oh oskijwld eydwysi$wai siwakjbkjf oh ògisjdkhi ljg siyui oh ixis{gl{`lwiskld*

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Wak ea valw K alx c j l{kjf s { ls lc w bj v gf ljlf jwwa wk { s l k~ { j g Bj v gf `ljlf jw$ kw k w lw *‐ Va j ls e }ljk f kjf w vlb } ljg s e fjk~ walw wa b { bj v gf s

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DKXKJF

<7 U@LSW ]IO]DI

D K X K J F Lìskelj @yudk`

Csilbu govj clsskisu vaisixis uai foiu—K vljw wo aid} cskjf}ilei ljg alsòj{ wowai vosdg$‐ ul{u L{iualUkggk|yk$ vao ku }soyg wo ci lj Lìskelj-@yudk`$ l]lbkuwljk-Lìskelj ljg lJ iv [osbis*

—K‛xi dkxig kj wai @kggdiIluw ljg aisi2 K hiid K elj ci l cskgfi ciwviij gkhhisijw hlkwauljg eydwysiu*‐

Eo`kjf hso` uoìojiidui$ waku eoydg uoyjg dkbil dohw{ gsil`* Cyw Ukggk|yk$57$ l `lsskig òwais oh wvouoju$ csilbu govj clsskisuvaisixis uai foiu*

Jlìg Jiv [osb Ekw{Eoddifi oh Wieajodof{‛u !Ekw{Wiea+ 3==; xldigkewosklj$ uaiku wai suw ]lbkuwljk @yudk`hi`ldi uwygijw wo sieikxi wakuaojos kj wai akuwos{ oh waieoddifi*

—K alxi ldvl{u vosj waiaknlc$ wai ailg eoxiskjf walw@yudk` voìj vils$‐ uaiiq}dlkju*

—]io}di K ìiw alxi l dowoh |yiuwkoju walw K l` ldvl{ual}}{ wo ljuvis$ dkbi ‑Aoveoì {oy lsi fokjf wo ueaoodvaij {oy alxi l ayucljg ljgeakdgsij?‛ ‑Aov eoì {oywldb wo `ldi uwygijwu?‛ ljg ‑KuKudl` sildd{ lcoyw bkddkjf owais}io}di?‛

—K uwsiuu walw `{ sidkfkojku jow jlssov-`kjgig$‐ uaieojwkjyiu* —@{ ayucljgwowldd{ uy}}oswu `{ fokjf woeoddifi ljg alxkjf l elsiis*Voìj elj wldb wo ìj vaolsij‛w hl`kd{ ì`cisu* Ljg$Kudl` ku l sidkfkoj oh }ilei2 vigoj‛w eojgoji bkddkjf*‐

Vaij uai vlu ukq {ilsuodg$ Ukggk|yk‛u hl`kd{ òxig

hso` Blsleak wo l u`ldd wovjkj O`lj* Joj-O`ljku visijow }is`kwwig wo lwwijg eoddifiwaisi$ uo lw fsilw jljekldulesk ei Ukggk|yk$ vao jovdkxiu kj wai Cijuojaysuwuiewkoj oh Csoobd{j$ vlu uijw cleb wo ]lbkuwlj wo uwyg{*

Ais hlwais alg ldvl{uuy}}oswig ais igyelwkojijgilxosu ljg uai jixisgkul}}okjwig ak`$ fslgylwkjflw wai wo} oh ais edluu kj ixis{ueaood uai ixis lwwijgig*

—@{ hlwais voydg widdì walw K vlu aku dkhi ulxkjfu

vaij K‛g voss{ lcoyw waijljeiu$‐ uai jowig* —Ai

voydg ul{ walw igyelwkoj kuòji{ vidd-u}ijw*‐

Kw‛u jow uys}skukjf walwUkggk|yk$ wai odgiuw oh xieakdgsij$ lu}ksig wo nokj waihosikfj uisxkei vaij uaifslgylwig vkwa l cleaidos‛ugifsii kj }odkwkeld uekijeihso` Blsleak Yjkxisukw{ kj<;;8*

—K vljwig wo ilsj l

`luwis‛u gifsii kj `luueo``yjkelwkoju ljgixijwyldd{ si}siuijw`{ eoyjws{ lu ljl `cluulgos$‐ uai ul{u*

Vakdi uwyg{kjf hos]lbkuwlj‛u ekxkd uisxkei iql`$uai fow `lsskig* Ais ayucljg$vao fsiv y} kj Blsleak ljgilsjig l `luwis‛u gifsii kjìgkeld wieajodof{ lw Uw*

Noaj‛u Yjkxisukw{ kj \yiiju$l}}dkig hos ais k``kfslwkoj*

Valw uaoydg alxi wlbijjo dojfis walj wij òjwauijgig y} wlbkjf wasii ljgoji-aldh {ilsu2 uai jldd{l sskxig kj Jiv [osb kj 3===*

Cihosi waiks `lssklfi$Ukggk|yk‛u ayucljg ulkg aivoydg uijg ais wo eoddifiaisi* C{ 3==3$ waoyfa$ uai vlul òwais oh wvo ljg waoyfawkw vluj‛w }ouukcdi*

Wvo {ilsu dlwis$ aisayucljg ysfig ais wo }ysuyiais igyelwkoj* —Ai eojxkjeig

ì wo fo cleb wo eoddifi*Alxkjf ciij fkxij wakuuieojg o}}oswyjkw{ wo uwyg{ljg alxi l elsiis$ K vljwig wogo uoìwakjf gkhhisijw*‐

Ukggk|yk$ vao vlu oj aisueaood‛u giclwi wil` kj O`ljljg yuig wo ukjf$ lew ljg aouwuaovu waisi$ ldvl{u ijno{iggslvkjf ljg `lbkjf fsiiwkjfelsgu hos hskijgu ljg hl`kd{ljg }ouwisu hos ueaood ixijwu*Sielddkjf waku$ uai giekgig

wo fiw ais eoddifi gifsii kjfsl}ake giukfj*—K doxig kw hso` wai su

gl{ oh edluu ljg bjiv kwv lu hos ì$‐ uai ulkg* —Kwsyd{ cidkixi walw ihhiewkxixkuyld eo``yjkelwkoj eljaid} siuodxi kuuyiu$ eoj kewuFsl}ake giukfjisu alxi lsiu}ojukckdkw{ wo uoekiw{ cielyui giukfj ku l yjkxisuld

L{iual Ukggk|yk ul{u ais sidkfkoj ku jow jlssov-`kjgig* Ais ayucljg wowldd{ uy}}oswu eoddifiljg elsiis* Voìj wldb wo ìj ljg Kudl` ku l

sidkfkoj o }ilei*



U@LSW ]IO]DI <

DKXK

dljfylfi ― kw u}ilbu wo uo`lj{ }io}di*‐

Ukggk|yk vosbig alsg ljgilsjig ais luuoeklwi gifsiilw Bkjfucosoyfa Eo``yjkw{Eoddifi kj oji {ils vkwa l F]Loh 5*;6*

Uai jkuaig waisi|yksiìjwu hos ais cleaidos‛ugifsii kj eo``yjkelwkojgiukfj lw Ekw{ Wiea kjwvo {ilsu ljg ku wai suwlgxiswkukjf giukfj ljg fsl}akelswu uwygijw wo ci jlìgxldigkewosklj kj Ekw{ Wiea‛uakuwos{*

Gyskjf wai ijwksi wkì$ aisvaodi hl`kd{ cleb kj ]lbkuwlj― }lsijwu$ kjdlvu$ ukcdkjfu― visi eo``kwwig wo ais fokjfwo eoddifi*

Ais òwais-kj-dlv$ vao kukj ais uixijwkiu$ xkukwig ohwijwo aid} oyw* Cyw kw vlu y} wo aisljg ais ayucljg wo eoì y}v kwa l vl{ wo `lbi kw vosb*

—@{ ayucljg ljg Kalxi jo sidlwkxiu aisi$ uo visildd{ alg wo eoosgkjlwi oysueaigydiu* Ai vosbig wai

jkfaw uakhw ― <<>5= }*`* wo 6>5=l*`* ― lu l wieajkeld u}iekldkuwkj @lkòjkgiu @igkeldEijwis‛u cdoog cljb ljg lduoalg l viibijg noc*

—Walw‛u uo vi‛g alxi waiòji{ hos ì wo fo wo eoddifiljg ai eoydg ci aoì hoswai eakdgsij vakdi K vlu kjueaood$‐ uai iq}dlkjig*

—K eoobig ìldu hos`{ hl`kd{ ixis{ gl{$‐ uailggu* —Vaij `{ eaosiu visigoji lw ; os ;>5= lw jkfaw Kvoydg uwlsw `{ aoìvosb$ohwij uwl{kjf y} yjwkd`kgjkfaw* Waij K voydg fiw y}lw 8 l*`* ljg uwlsw lflkj*‐

Ais uwygkiu ldòuwgislkdig waku }luw hldd vaijais hlwais gkig kj Kudl`lclg$vaisi ais }lsijwu òxig lhwisais hlwais siwksig*

—K vlu uo cisihw$K waoyfaw oh fkxkjfy}$‐ uai ul{u* Ljgwaij uai hidw aishlwais‛u }siuijei ljgaku vosgu$

—K slkuig {oy wo ci l uwsojf vo`lj*Fo cleb ljg hoeyu*Hkjg {oys uwsijfwa*‐

—Ljg K gkg* C{}yddkjf `{uidh oywoh wai ulgjiuu$ K lùwsojfis walj ixis cihosi* Ljg walw‛uwai ìuulfi K flxi wofslgylwiu$‐ eojwkjyiuUkggk|yk$ vao

gidkxisig aisxldigkewos{ lggsiuulw Ekw{ Wiea‛u Nyjieo`ìjeiìjw kjwai Vl@y Wailwislw @lgkuoj U|ylsiFlsgij*

—Hkjg {oysuwsijfwa vkwakj {oysvilbjiuu ljg siì`cisjocog{ ku }ishiew* Wsilwixis{oji vkwa siu}iew*‐

Gyskjf lj kjwisjuak}lw wai Voìj‛u ]siuuEoddiewkxi$ Ukggk|yk hoyjg ais}sohiuukojld }lwa2 uai‛g dkbi wo ci l fsl}ake giukfjis hos joj-}so w osfljk~lwkoju*

—K dilsjig uo `yea waisi$iu}iekldd{ aov wo uysxkxi vkwadk`kwig siuoyseiu*‐

Ukggk|yk$ vao ilsjig l5*;1 fslgi }okjw lxislfi oywoh l }ouukcdi 7*= lw Ekw{ Wiea$`kuuiu }aojkjf ais hlwais wodiw ak` bjov ais fslgiu$ cywaku gilwa `lgi ais sildk~iixij osi aov uy}}oswkxiais ayucljg$ eakdgsij ljg` owais-kj-dlv alxi ciij*

—@{ uoju lsi uo }soygoh ì* Vaij K fow `{ ojd{L-`kjyu$ `{ odgiuw uojvljwig wo bjov valw vijwvsojf* Cowa oh wai` alxi

xis{ akfa iq}iewlwkoju oh ì* Uoìwkìu$ `{ ayucljgvoydg widd ì jow wo }yua`{uidh uo alsg* Cyw K ulkg jo$ Kalxi wo go `{ ciuw*‐

Ljg uai alu*Jiv [osb Ekw{ Eoddifi oh Wieajodof{ !Ekw{ Wiea+ oh WaiEkw{ Yjkxisukw{ oh Jiv [osb!EYJ[+ ku wai dlsfiuw }ycdkeeoddifi oh wieajodof{ kj Jiv [osbUwlwi$ YU*

]lgeluw> aww}>//vvv<*eyj{*igy/hosyù/}ogeluwu/?}089=



DKXKJF

<8 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Va{ lsi uoì }io}di u`lswis?Dilsjkjf el}lekw{ elj kjesilui kjwiddkfijeiVa{ lsi uoì }io}di u`lswiswalj owaisu?

Kj l jiv lswkedi kj EyssijwGksiewkoju kj ]u{eaodofkeldUekijei $ l noysjld oh waiLuuoeklwkoj hos ]u{eaodofkeldUekijei$ Igylsgo @iselgo KKKhso` wai Yjkxisukw{ lw Cyhhldo$Wai Uwlwi Yjkxisukw{ oh Jiv[osb$ giueskciu aov eiswlkjlu}iewu oh cslkj uwsyewysi ljghyjewkoj aid} giwis`kji aovilukd{ vi dilsj jiv wakjfu$ljg aov dilsjkjf el}lekw{eojwskcywiu wo kjgkxkgyldgkhhisijeiu kj kjwiddkfijei*

Eofjkwkxi }dluwkekw{ kuwai el}lekw{ wo dilsj ljg

k`}soxi eofjkwkxi ubkddu uyealu uodxkjf }socdiù ljgsiì`ciskjf ixijwu*

@iselgo lsfyiu walw waiuwsyewysld cluku oh eofjkwkxi}dluwkekw{ ku wai eoswkeldògydi* Eoswkeld ogydiulsi xiswkeld eody`ju oh kjwiseojjiewig jiysojld eiddu*

Lesouu gkhhisijw lsiluoh wai eisicsld eoswiq$ waiuieody`ju xls{ kj wai jy`cisljg gkxisukw{ oh jiysoju wai{eojwlkj*

Kgijwkh{kjf aov eoswkeldògydiu aid} yu dilsjeofjkwkxi ubkddu `l{ aid}iq}dlkj va{ xlsklwkoju kj wakuel}lekw{ oeeys ― walw ku$ va{}io}di dilsj ubkddu lw gkhhisijwslwiu ljg va{ oys lckdkw{ wodilsj jiv ubkddu ealjfiu luvi lfi*

Uwygkiu iql`kjkjf ljy`cis oh gkhhisijw u}iekiualxi uaovj walw$ oj lxislfi$l dlsfis eoswiq }sigkewufsilwis kjwiddiewyld el}lekw{*

Wai uoysei oh wakueossidlwkoj ku yjedils$ cyw@iselgo cidkixiu walw l —òsiiq}ljukxi eoswiq }soxkgiuòsi u}lei vkwakj vakea ldlsfis |yljwkw{ ljg fsilwisgkxisukw{ oh eoswkeld ògydiu

elj ci gkuwskcywig*‐Kj owais vosgu$ @iselgojowiu$ vaij kw eoìu wokjwiddiewyld }owijwkld$ kw ku jowwai lcuodywi os ixij sidlwkxiuk~i walw ku k`}oswljw$ cywaov `lj{ eoswkeld ògydiu!vkwa xlskoyu w{}iu oh jiysoju+ lsi lxlkdlcdi*

Waiui hilwysiu oh eoswkeldosfljk~lwkoj ljg hyjewkoj

giwis`kji aov ihhiewkxid{ oys cslkj gkuwkjfykuaiu ixijwu*

Waku lckdkw{ wo gkhhisijwklixijwu l{ ci valw ijlcdiuyu wo dilsj eofjkwkxi ubkddu*

Oji k`}dkelwkoj oh waku}so}ould ku walw iq}iskijeielj ci lu k`}oswljw lufijiwkeu kj giwis`kjkjfkjwiddiewyld el}lekw{*

U}iek eldd{$ uwsyewysldealjfiu oh eoswkeld ògydiufijislwig c{ gixido}ìjwljg dilsjkjf iq}iskijeiu `l{lduo eojwskcywi wo kjgkxkgylgkhhisijeiu kj kjwiddkfijei*

Waku siuilsea aluk`}oswljw k`}dkelwkojuhos k`}soxkjf igyelwkojldwieajk|yiu ljg elj}owijwkldd{ dilg wo jivìwaogu hos sialckdkwlwkjf}lwkijwu uyhhiskjf hso` cslkjgl`lfi*

Kj lggkwkoj$yjgisuwljgkjf aov eoswkeldògydiu hyjewkoj `l{ dilgwo jiv vl{u oh kjesilukjfkjwiddkfijei*

Aovixis$ @iselgoelywkoju walw —jivwieajodofkiu hos kjesilukjfeofjkwkxi }dluwkekw{ alxiiwakeld* K`}dkelwkoju*

Ai eojedygiu$ —Wai}aslui ‑ealjfkjf {oys `kjg‛`l{ uooj wlbi oj l vaodi

jiv iljkjf*‐



U@LSW ]IO]DI <

DKXK

Fiwwkjf wo bjov {oysuidh l dkwwdi ciwwisAov vidd go {oy bjov{oysuidh? Kw‛u l |yiuwkoj `lj{oh yu uwsyffdi vkwa$ lu vi ws{

wo fysi oyw aov edoui vilsi wo vao vi lewyldd{ vljwwo ci*

Kj l jiv si}osw kj]isu}iewkxiu oj ]u{eaodofkeldUekijei $ l noysjld oh waiLuuoeklwkoj hos ]u{eaodofkeldUekijei$}u{eaodofkuwWkòwa{G* Vkduojhso` wai

Yjkxisukw{oh Xksfkjklgiueskciuwaioskiu ciakjg uidh-bjovdigfi !walwku$ aov }io}di hos` cidkihulcoyw waiùidxiu+$ ekwiuealddijfiu }u{eaodofkuwuijeoyjwis vakdi uwyg{kjf kw$ljg ohhisu vl{u vi elj fiw wobjov oysuidxiu l dkwwdi ciwwis*

Wai uwyg{ oh uidh-bjovdigfi alu wijgig wohoeyu oj aov leeyslwi vilsi lw giwis`kjkjf oys ovjkjwisjld uwlwiu$ uyea lu oysiòwkoju$ }isuojldkw{ ljglwwkwygiu*

Aovixis$ Vkduoj jowiuwalw uidh-bjovdigfi elj ci csolgijig wo kjedygiìòs{$ dkbi sielddkjf aovvi hidw kj wai }luw$ ljg}sou}iewkoj$ }sigkewkjf aovvi vkdd hiid kj wai hywysi*

Vakdi l jy`cis oh siuilseaisu lsi eojgyewkjfuwygkiu walw lsi l}}dkelcdi wowaoui xlskoyu hleiwu oh uidh-bjovdigfi$ Vkduoj ocuisxiuwalw waisi ku jow `yeaeo``yjkelwkoj ciwviijwai`$ oji siluoj waku idg kuealddijfkjf wo kjxiuwkflwi*

Ldwaoyfa kw elj ci hlksd{uk`}di wo luuiuu aov }io}di‛ulwwkwygiu ealjfi oxis wkì2

walw ku$ alxi wai` }sigkewaov wai{ vkdd hiid lw eiswlkjwkì ljg waij lewyldd{ìluysi waiks hiidkjfu lw walwwkì$ kw ku òsi gkh eydw woìluysi }io}di‛u eyssijw uidh-bjovdigfi leeyslwid{*

Uoììwaogu oh le|ykskjfleeyslwikjhos`lwkoj

oj l }isuoj‛uhiidkjfu os waiks}isuojldkw{lsi wo eo`}lsi

si}oswu hso` waiks }iisuljg uwyg{ waiks jojxiscld cialxkos*

Aovixis$ Vkduojalu —fsilw hlkwa kj waiìwaogodofkeld esilwkxkw{‐oh aku —hiddov uoekld}u{eaodofkuwu‐ ljg kueoj gijw walw |yiuwkoju slkuig c{ waiui w{}iu oh iq}iskìjwuvkdd ci ljuvisig kj wai jiqwhiv {ilsu*

Ldwaoyfa Vkduojlebjovdigfiu ldd waikjwisiuwkjf jgkjfu walw alxieoì oyw oh jiv wieajodofkiu$uyea lu h@SK$ ai elywkoju walwwaoui w{}i oh uwygkiu `l{ jow ci xis{ sidixljw wo uwyg{kjfkuuyiu luuoeklwig vkwa uidh-bjovdigfi*

Waisi lsi l jy`cis oh waioskiu walw lk` wo giueskciuidh-bjovdigfi c{ l gyld-}soeiuu ògid$ }kwwkjf waiyjeojuekoyu lflkjuw waieojuekoyu*

Vkduoj jowiu walw waiuiwaioskiu lsi }iuuk`kuwke kj walwwai{ xkiv wai yjeojuekoyu

lu uoìwakjf walw eljjow ci csileaig*

Aovixis$ ai si`lsbu

walw —uidh-bjovdigfi ku diuu l`lwwis oh elsihyd kjwsou}iewkojwalj oh cieo`kjf lj iqeiddijwocuisxis oh ojiuidh*‐

Vkduoj uyffiuwu uoìvl{u walw elj aid} yu dilsjòsi lcoyw oysuidxiu$ uyealu sildd{ lwwi`}wkjf wo ciocniewkxi vaij eojukgiskjfoys cialxkosu ljg ws{kjf wouii oysuidxiu wasoyfa wai i{iuoh owais }io}di* Ljowais vl{oh bjovkjf oysuidxiu ciwwisku wo cieoì òsi lvlsi oh

jgkjfu hso` }u{eaodofkelduekijei*

Vkduoj eojedygiu$ —@ouwoh yu }l{ lwwijwkoj wo ìgkeld

jgkjfu walw kjhos` yu lcoywoys cogkiu !i*f*$ walw uòbkjfwocleeo ku als`hyd+$ ljg eljdilsj lcoyw oys }u{eaodofkelduidxiu kj wai ulì vl{*‐

Hos eo}{ oh —Bjov Wa{uidh‐ ljgowais lswkediu kj wai]isu}iewkxiuoj ]u{eaodofkeld Uekijei u}iekld kuuyi —Wai Jiqw Ckf\yiuwkoju kj ]u{eaodof{$‐ xkukwvvv*}u{eaodofkelduekijei*osf

Wo bjov òsi lcoyw {oysuid $ ws{ wo uii {oysuid wasoyfa

wai i{iu o owais }io}di*



DKXKJF

<1 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Ulì lu eluaCieoì l cdleb cidw wasoyfa jifowklwkjfC{ @kealid Uooj Dii

Aov voydg {oy dkbi lj iqwsl'9$=== wo '<=$=== os òsi l{ils?

‑Waku òji{ elj ciilsjig uk`}d{ c{ cieo`kjfl ciwwis jifowklwos$ {iw òuw}io}di kj wai Yjkwig Uwlwiuslsid{ wlbi lgxljwlfi oh wai}ovis oh clsflkjkjf$ iqei}woj slsi oeelukoju vaij`lbkjf dlsfi }ysealuiu dkbielsu ljg aoyuiu*Kj owais eoyjwskiu$dkbi Lukl$ }io}di jifowklwiixis{wakjf ixis{gl{ ljg ulxiwaoyuljgu*

Jifowklwkjf kudkbi l `lswkld lswueojwiuw vaisi}ovis$dixislfiljg

wk`kjfeljìlj waigkhhisijei ciwviijvkjjkjf ljgdoukjf*

Kj `lswkld lswu wai cdleb cidw u{`codk~iu `luwis{oh wai eslhw ljg waisi lsiuixij `lnos cidwu walw {oy`yuw `luwis cihosi cikjflvlsgig wai akfaiuw aojos*

Cifkjjisu kj lswkld lswuuwlsw oyw lu vakwi cidwu* Waku

u{`codk~iu }yskw{ ljg dleb oh

bjovdigfi dkbi l uiig vlkwkjfwo fis`kjlwi*Dkbivkui$ kj jifowklwkjf

waisi lsi kjgkelwosu walw{oy lsi l joxkei uyea lu jow cikjf lvlsi walw ixis{wakjfku jifowklcdi yjgis wai skfawekseyùwljeiu*

Jow ojd{ elsu ljg aoyuiuelj ci uycniew wo alffdkjf kjwai Yjkwig Uwlwiu$ ixij uyeakwiù lu gilwa ljg wlqiu elj ci jifowklcdi lu vidd* Hoskjuwljei$ kh {oy elj jifowklwi

ciwwis aildwaelsi${oy lsi dkbid{ wodkxi dojfis ljg kh {oy elj sigyei{oys wlqiu$ {oykjuwljwd{ kjesilui

{oys uwljglsgoh dkxkjf*

Wai lywaossifydlsd{sieikxiu l—foog }lwkijw‐gkueoyjw hso`

aku gijwkuw cielyui ai ldvl{u}l{u aku ckddu

}so`}wd{ ljg$ vaijsi}siuijwkjf edkijwu cihosiwai KSU$ alu fowwij wai

lfije{ wo hosfkxi wiju oh waoyuljgu oh goddlsu kj cleb wlqiu*

Wai uieojg sljb ku yuyldd{ wai {iddov

cidw ljg si}siuijwu waiuiig sileakjf hos wai uyj ljgfiwwkjf silg{ wo fsov*

Kj `lswkld lswu {oy}si}lsi hos l eojwiuw c{u}{kjf oj {oys o}}ojijwwo jg lj{ vilbjiuuiu*Kj jifowklwkjf {oy go wai

ulì wakjf c{ gokjf {oys

aoìvosb lcoyw wai }lsw{{oy lsi clsflkjkjf vkwa*Hos iql`}di$ kh {oy‛si

cy{kjf l gklòjg skjf$ valwlsi wai lwwskcywiu walw `lbioji òsi xldylcdi walj waiowais ljg valw‛u wai doviuw}skei {oy elj jg wai oji {oyvljw oj wai Kjwisjiw?

Wai waksg cidw ku fsiij$vakea u{`codk~iu wai uiig cifkjjkjf wo u}soyw*

Kj `lswkld lswu {oy dilsjaov wo vls` y} c{ uwsiweakjf{oys `yuediu uo {oy goj‛wkjnysi {oysuidh*

Kj jifowklwkjf {oy vls`y} c{ cykdgkjf sl}}osw vkwawai owais }lsw{ wasoyfau`ldd wldb* @lj{ l`lwiys clsflkjisu `kuu waku uwi}$vakea ku esyekld cielyui}io}di dkbi wo go cyukjiuuvkwa }io}di wai{ dkbi*

Wai hoyswa cidw ku cdyiu{`codk~kjf wai }dljwsileakjf hos wai ub{* Kj`lswkld lswu {oy }slewkei{oys }yjeakjf ljg cdoebkjfwieajk|yiu*

Lw waku uwlfi kj wai clsflkjkjf }soeiuu {oy dilsjwo siu}ojg wo ohhisu kj l vl{walw goiuj‛w fkxi lvl{ {oyskjwijwkoju* Hos iql`}di$ kh luiddis ohhisu {oy l xi }iseijwgkueoyjw {oy uaoydg si}d{$—[oy‛dd alxi wo go ciwwis wawalw*‐

Waku k`}dkiu walw waiksohhis kuj‛w foog ijoyfavkwaoyw {oy }ywwkjf lj{wakjoj wai wlcdi {oysuidh*

Wai hwa cidw ku yuyldd{ csovj elddkjf wo `kjg wai}dljw cieo`kjf s`d{ soowig



U@LSW ]IO]DI <

DKXK

kjwo wai ilswa* Kj `lswkld lswuwaku ku wai uwlfi vaij {oydilsj wo yui wkì ihhiewkxid{ kjl woysjlìjw*

Jifowklwosu lw waku dixidbjov walw kw‛u esyekld wo uiwgilgdkjiu hos wai owais }lsw{owaisvkui waisi ku jo }siuuysiwo eoì wo lfsiiìjw*

Ulxx{ clsflkjisu bjovwalw kh {oy fkxi }io}di ldd gl{wo `lbi y} waiks `kjgu wai{vkdd wlbi ldd go*

Wai{ lsi lduo lvlsi walwwai oji vkwa wai diluw wkì}siuuysi yuyldd{ vkju*

Wai ukqwa cidw ku sigu{`codk~kjf wai uiwwkjf uyjljg wai hlew walw wai }dljw alu`lwysig*

Waku ku wai uwlfi vaisi`lswkld lswkuwu dilsj wo ldvl{u ci oj fylsg cielyui waisi elj

ci yjhlks fawisu vao vkddbkeb {oy vaij {oys cleb kuwysjig os ixij akw {oy cidovwai cidw*

Uk`kdlsd{ waisi lsi gksw{fawisu kj jifowklwkjf vao

ws{ wo wskffis {oys iòwkoju c{ kjuydwkjf {oy os waouivao vkdd ws{ wo sijifowklwi leojwslew lhwis ukfjkjf kw*

Iq}iskijeig jifowklwosugo jow lddov waiùidxiu wofiw iòwkojldd{ kjxodxig ljg}sowiew waiùidxiu lflkjuwsijifowklwkoju c{ ldvl{uulxkjf uoìwakjf hos wai ijghos uyea ixijwu*

Wai jld cidw ku cdleb

ìljkjf walw wai akfaiuw dixidoh ubkdd alu ciij leakixig*Aovixis$ nyuw dkbi kj

`lswkld lswu$ wai dilsjkjfjixis uwo}u* Kj hlew$ waisi lsi

lewyldd{ <= gifsiiu oh cdleb cidwu ilea oji alsgis waljwai dluw* Kj jifowklwkjf {oyelj jixis uwo} dilsjkjf kh {oyvljw wo ci l `luwis*

Waisi lsi `lj{ vl{uwo k`}soxi {oys clsflkjkjfubkdd uyea lu fokjf wo flslfiuldiu ljg il `lsbiwuljg wo eojuwljwd{ doob hoso}}oswyjkwkiu wo clsflkj*

@kealid —Uooj‐ Dii$ @CL$ ku ljlwkojldd{ sieofjk~ig }sohiuukojldu}ilbis ljg lywaos oh wai coobCdleb Cidw Jifowklwkjf℣*Aialu jifowklwig ixis{wakjf hso``ydwk-`kddkoj goddls sild iuwlwiwsljulewkoju wo `lnos òwkoj}kewysi gildu ljg ixij gkueoyjwuoj flu hos aku els* Ai ku ]siukgijwoh IwajoEojjiew℣* Vic ukwi>aww}>//vvv*iwajoeojjiew*eo`

G { s lxlwls lb { b lw? Es lwkjf l u e jg dk lxlwls$ s xksw l s }s jwlwk j

j $ walw k wakj ljg }a{ kel { hw l{ je slf kjgkxkg l w c e a l wak s ljg s }a{ kel { hw kj wa ks s l kx $lee sgkjf w l w g{ c{ s lsea s lw SWK Kjw sjlwk jl *

Wa w g{$ } c k a g kj wa L f w k wa Noysjld oh Xkswyld Vosdgu Siuilsea $ jg }} sw s wa kg l walw kjgkxkg l ls s kb { w jflf kj }a{ kellewkxkwk kj wa ks s l kx k wa ks lxlwls kj u e jg dk jflf kj }a{ kellewkxkwk *

—Cl g wa j

}s k kjls{ s w $ kw kb { xksw l s l kw{ s l{ lgn w wa ks

kg jwkw{ w c e j k w jw vkwa walw wa ks lxlwls $‐ lkg i k~lc wa G lj$ s lsea sx {

wa g fk w lw SWK ljg wa w g{‛ lg l wa s*

H s wak w g{$ s lsea s kjw sxk v g 3; s kgu e jg dk xksw l v s g* Al wa }lswkek}ljw v sc{ l wakj lxlwls ljg al c{ lj c lxlwls*

Wa w g{ l jg walw }lswkek}ljw kjw sxkwakj lxlwls v s s kb { w s } sw walw wa ks

al} vl wakj walj wa kjw sxk v g c{ wa c Wa lx slf c g{ l kjg q !C`K+ s } sw g c{ }lswkek}lvl l akfa s va j kjw sxk v g c{ wa clxlwls walj vl s } sw g c{ wa kjw sxk v g c{ wa lxlwls*

Wa s lsea s ffwalw wa l ljk} lwwa k~ ljg al} j ‛lxlwls kj u e jg dk fkxs lsea s wa }} sw jw jg s wljg ekl lew

ss jgkjf k ea lc kw{$ c g{ k lf ljg

}a{ kel hwj *



D

I L S J K J FDILSJKJF

3= U@LSW ]IO]DI

Lwwijwkoj> [oys iq}iswkui ku lcoyw wo iqKj wa g gl{ $ } } a lsg g bj v gf l l a gf lflkj w e lf e }

c e je * C w wa a k bj v gf ljg q} swk k a sw-jxks j jw wa 3< w e jw s{* C els j w w w { s f c {

glw * A s ‛ valw l e j wljw l{ c w kjf { s c * Kw‛ n w l s

C{ Souu Ualhis

Wai ailgdkji fow {oyslwwijwkoj gkgj‛w kw? Kw‛u uels{wo wakjb {oy `kfaw lewyldd{ cieoì ocuodiwi*

Valw‛u sildd{ hskfawijkjfku wo ldsilg{ ci ocuodiwi ljgjow ixij bjov kw*

[oy uii$ kw goiuj‛w `lwwiswalw {oy‛xi ciij lj iq}isw kj{oys idg hos 3= {ilsu* Os walw{oy lsi l dilgkjf iq}isw kj{oys idg$ wogl{*

Valw lsi {oy gokjf wo`lbi uysi {oy‛si lj iq}iswwoòssov? Kj <= {ilsu?

[oy ldsilg{ bjov walwwieajodof{ ealjfiu viibd{*[oy bjov walw wogl{‛uvosbhosei eojukuwu oh hoys

vkdgd{ gkhhisijw fijislwkoju*Ljg$ {oy nyuw ailsg {oyseo`}iwkwkoj sieijwd{ vijw

—fdocld‐― os alu uwlswighsljeakukjf*

Codg fsovwa cifu wo lub codg|yiuwkoju * * *dkbi$ —L` K uwkddsidixljw?‐

Lsi {oysidixljw wo {oyseyuwoìsu$ {oysedkijwu$ {oys}lwkijwu$ {oyseoddilfyiu os{oys i`}do{iiu?

Kh {oy lsij‛wk`}oswljw wo {oys

eosi !ljg xkwld+ eojuwkwyijwu${oy lsi giuwkjig wo iq}iskijeil vkwaiskjf `lsbiw ualsi

ljg wai douu oh {oys òuwwldijwig eo-vosbisu ljg uwlhh ì`cisu*

Uo valw elj {oy go lcoywbii}kjf {oys igfi? Aovelj {oy eojwkjyi wo fsovvaij wai wsijgu uii` wo cioyw}lekjf {oy?

Lwwijg wai vsojfeojxijwkoj

[iu$ K‛` lewyldd{ lubkjf{oy wo —eslua‐ l ckf fijisldìiwkjf lw l aowid jils {oy*Hkjg oyw valw ckf eojxijwkojku kj wovj* Gsiuu vidd* Uaovy}* Widd —uieyskw{‐ lw waigoos walw {oy goj‛w alxi{oys clgfi cyw walw {oygkgj‛w vljw wo `kuu wai fyiuwu}ilbis* !Ldd wsyi+*

Jkjiw{- xi }iseijw oh wai wkì {oy‛dd ci lcdi woukw govj ljg uolb y} uoìkjhos`lwkoj walw vkdd dkbid{sixodywkojk~i {oys cyukjiuu*

Kj `{ noc K fiw waio}}oswyjkw{ wo lwwijg 1="eojhisijeiu ljg eojxijwkojuilea {ils* K alxi l hsojwsov uilw wo l `{sklg oh ciuw}slewkeiu* Ljg waij go K `{ ciuw wo esouu-}oddkjlwi wai` lwwai jiqw eojhisijei*

Hos iql`}di> K vijw wol fsoeis{ eojxijwkoj ljghoyjg oyw walw 73 }iseijw oh fsoeis{ uao}}isu uwkdd goj‛wbjov valw wai{ vljw hosgkjjis lw 7>== }*`*

K }luuig oj walw xldylcdiwkgckw wo l ealkj oh uyeeiuuhuilhoog siuwlysljwu* Wai{k`ìgklwid{ uwlswig syjjkjfwaiks slgko lgu lw 5>== }*`*

]dljwkjf ljowais ìldo}wkoj kj wai `kjgu oh waidkuwijisu !vaij wai{ lsiuwlswkjf wo wakjb lcoyw gkjjalu elyuig waiks siuwlysljw cyukjiuu wo edk`c*

Ciuw }slewkeiu lsil òxkjf wlsfiw

Valw vosbu wogl{ kfawjow vosb woòssov* K ailsg Nleb Videa widd l fsoy} oh wieiqieywkxiu walw vaij ai sljFijisld Idiewske ai voydglewyldd{ }ijldk~i l `ljlfishos jow cikjf hoswaeo`kjf

lcoyw l ciwwis vl{ ai/uai vlugokjf wakjfu*Walw }odke{ cielì lj

kjukgi nobi lw F*I*L `ljlfis voydg eldd

Nleb‛u oh ei ljg ul{$ —Ai{$ Kwakjb vi‛si ojwo uoìwakjfsildd{ eood kj Giu @okjiu*]dilui widd Nleb uo K goj‛w fiwelyfaw vkwa kw*‐

Eo`}ljkiu dkbi 5-@ lsijixis ulwku ig vkwa iqeiigkjf

uldiu foldu oj wogl{‛u fsilw}sogyewu* Wai{ wlbi ijosòyu}skgi kj wai hlew walw 5=}iseijw oh waiks }sogyewugkgj‛w ixij iqkuw hoys {ilsulfo* Wai{ kjjoxlwi wo si`lkjsidixljw*

K vlu lw l Boglb elìslìiwkjf kj wai dlwi ‑;=u vaisil wo} uldiu iqieywkxi uwoogy} ljg wodg wai fsoy}$ —Goj‛w



U@LSW ]IO]DI 3

DILSJKJF

ci hsilbig oyw c{ gkfkwld}aowofsl}a{* Kw‛u l hlg*‐

Ijgosukjf walw bkjg oh kssidixljei alu gk`kjkuaigwaiks uwoeb xldyi$ waiksi`}do{ii siesykwkjf$ ljg waiks`lsbiw ualsi*

K vojgis kh wai hodbu lw]odlsokg alg uk`kdls gijkldwovlsg wai gkfkwld sixodywkoj*

Uwo} doukjf udii}oxis wieajodof{

Kh {oy alxi i`lkd$ l Vicukwi$ l sidklcdi uisxis$ ljg wailckdkw{ wo uidd }sogyewu ljguisxkeiu ojdkji$ {oy‛si gokjffsilw*

[oy‛si ciwwis ohh voss{kjf lcoyw wai ay`ljeo``yjkelwkoj ubkddu oh {oysvosb hosei*

Vkwa wai sl`}ljw}sodkhislwkoj oh eidd }aojiu$xokei`lkd$ i`lkd ljg wiqwìuulfkjf$ òsi ljg òsi oh {oys eyuwoìsu ljg edkijwu lsieslxkjf ay`lj eojwlew*

Wai{ vljw wo wldb woay`lj cikjfu* Wai{ vljw

l wsyuwig sidlwkojuak} vkwa{oy uo wai{ elj uwo} —glwkjf‐{oys eo`}iwkwkoj* Aojiuwd{$wai{ eoydg elsi diuu valwfijislwkoj oh soywisu ljguvkweaisu {oy‛si syjjkjf*Wai{ vljw {oy wo dkuwij wovalw wai{ jiig ― waij eojuydwwai` oj waiks eaokeiu*

Vi wilea EyuwoìsI`}lwa{℣ edluuiu

… kjuwilg oh eyuwoìs—uisxkei‐ cielyui wogl{‛ueyuwoìsu vljw {oy woyjgisuwljg waiks }okjw oh xkiv cihosi$ gyskjf ljg lhwis waiwsljulewkoj*

Wai{ vljw {oy wo bjovwai{ ohwij hiid aid}diuu$ oyw oh eojwsod$ ljg ljqkoyu lcoyw wai}ysealui2 iu}iekldd{ kh kw‛u lakfa-wkebiw kwi`*

[oy `l{ ci l }isuojvao uiddu aoìu$ eo`}ywisu$os C@Vu ldd gl{ dojf* Cyw{oys eyuwoìs `l{ ojd{ cy{ lj kwi` walw ayfi wvo wohoys wkìu kj waiks dkhiwkì*Esilwkjf l wsyuwig iòwkojldeojjiewkoj vkwa {oyseyuwoìs ku wai ojd{ siek}i hosdojf-wis` eyuwoìs do{ldw{*

Dkuwij wo oys eydwysiGoj‛w nyuw uycueskci wo

{oys kjgyuws{ `lfl~kjiu*Ixis{ òjwa$ fo wo {oys doeldjivuuwljg !osfo ojdkji+ljg silg lxlskiw{ oh }ycdkelwkoju{oy jos`ldd{voydgj‛w silg*]keb `lfl~kjiu lcoywuekijei$ ìgkekji$u}oswu$ òji{$ fykwlsu ljg

voìj‛u kuuyiu*Fiw l uijui oh valw oyseydwysi ku wldbkjf lcoyw* Aovlsi wai{ u}ijgkjf waiks wkì?Aov lsi wai{ u}ijgkjf waiksòji{? Dkuwij wo }io}di wldb lw wai uy}is`lsbiw$ wai gsyfuwosi$ wai hluw hoog siuwlysljw$wai alsgvlsi uwosi * * *vaisixis*

[oy‛si dkuwijkjf hos—cy~~*‐ Cy~~ ku wai jiv uwyhh

ixis{cog{ ku wldbkjf lcoyw*[oy vljw wo ci cy~~*

[oyjf }io}di bjovlcoyw cy~~

Wai{ lsi ohwij ilsd{lgo}wisu oh wieajodof{$flìu$ }aoji uisxkeiu ljglj{wakjf hyj ljg kjwisiuwkjf*Waiks uaoswis lwwijwkoj u}ljugi`ljg kw*

Alxi l ìiwkjf vkwawai @kddijjkldu kj {oysvosbhosei* Lub wai` valwVic ukwiu wai{ uysh* Lub wai` vaisi wai{ u}ijg waiksviibijgu ljg ohh wkì* Lub wai` wo aid} {oy uiw y} lVkbk}igkl }lfi os y}dolgaoì`lgi eo`}lj{ xkgiouwo [oyWyci*

[oyjf }io}di lsi sidixljw c{ giukfj ljg }iis }siuuysi*Wai{ i`cslei ealjfi cielyuiealjfi ìlju —ciwwis*‐

Siì`cis$ wai{‛si ljqkoyu wogovjdolg uohwvlsi y}fslgiu*

Kh {oy wlbi lj lewkxikjwisiuw kj }l{kjf lwwijwkojwo dkhi ljg ay`ljkw{$ocuodiueijei vkdd jixis ci{oys }socdi`* ]dyu$ {oy‛ddalxi }dijw{ oh wkì wo hoeyuoj òsi k`}oswljw eskuiu * * *dkbi {oys alksdkji?

Souu Ualhis ku l WX }isuojldkw{wysjig cyukjiuu eojuydwljw ljgeojhisijei u}ilbis/ayòskuw* Vicukwi> aww}>//souuualhis*eo`/kjgiq*}a}



DILSJKJF

33 U@LSW ]IO]DI

Wai vosdg ku o}ijLj{oji elj dilsj lj{wakjf hso` lj{cog{ lj{wkìL jiv coob c{ lj KjgkljlYjkxisukw{ Ueaood oh Igyelwkoj }sohiuuos wlbiu leo`}siaijukxi doob lw aovVic wieajodof{ ku ealjfkjfvosdgvkgi igyelwkoj*

Wai Vosdg ku O}ij>Aov Vic Wieajodof{ kuSixodywkojk~kjf Igyelwkoj $vskwwij c{ Eysw Cojb$}sohiuuos oh kjuwsyewkojldu{uwiù wieajodof{$goeyìjwu wai `lj{ vl{u

kj vakea ai ul{u kjjoxlwkoju

alxi `lgi kw }ouukcdi uo—lj{oji elj dilsj lj{wakjfhso` lj{oji idui lw lj{ wkì*‐

Wai coob ku kju}ksig c{wai ciuw-uiddkjf vosb oh Jiv[osb Wkìu eody`jkuw Wao`luHskig`lj$ —Wai Vosdg kuHdlw*‐ Kj wai coob$ vakeaelì oyw kj 3==9$ Hskig`ljgoeyìjwig <= — lwwijisu‐

walw alxi lgi ieojo`kefdocldk~lwkoj yea ilukis*

Cojb‛u coob }soxkgiu lhslìvosb hos yjgisuwljgkjfwai lxlkdlckdkw{ oh igyelwkojwasoyfa Vic wieajodof{ vkwaaku ovj dkuw oh <=*

—Vkwa kw$ }io}dielj fo govj wai dkuwjow oh ‑ lwwijisu$‛lu Hskig`lj wldbulcoyw$ cyw oh ‑o}ijisu$‛ lu kj wai

goosu cieo`kjfo}ij hos igyelwkoj$‐ Cojb ulkg*

—C{ alxkjf walw dkuw oh <=$kw ku l uoìvalw uyeekjew dkuwhso` wai }owijwkldd{ ayjgsiguwalw eoydg ci dkuwig$ uo lu jowwo oxisvaid` }io}di vkwa wai}ouukckdkwkiu*‐

Wai <= bi{ wsijgu Cojb iq}dosiu kjedygi —Vicuilseakjf kj wai vosdg oh i-

coobu$‐ —lxlkdlckdkw{ oh o}ijuoysei ljg hsii uohwvlsi$‐ljg —sild-wkì òckdkw{ ljg}oswlckdkw{*‐ Wai cifkjjkjfdiwwisu hso` ilea wsijg u}idd—VI-LDD-DILSJ*‐

Wai coob goeyìjwujyìsoyu uwoskiu oh i-dilsjkjf$ hso` wai hoyjgkjfoh Vkbk}igkl wo l akfa ueaooduwygijw vao woob eoysuivosb wslxidkjf vkwa ais hl`kd{ lwuil*

Iqwijukxi kjwisxkivukjedygi l {oyjf `kddkojlksikj Wl}ik vao `lgi l hoswyji

suw wsljudlwkjf Dosg oh waiSkjfu coobu ljg waij yuigwalw òji{ wo wsljudlwio}ij eoysuivlsi hso` wai@luuleayuiwwu Kjuwkwywi oh Wieajodof{ kjwo Eakjiui ljg`lbi kw lxlkdlcdi hos hsii*

Cojb lduo gkueyuuiu l 3<-{ils-odg ciakjg l hsii ojdkji coob elwldofyi vao ldsilg{`lgi aku `lsb oj wai Kjwisjiw c{ aid}kjf lywaos —SildUk`}di U{jgkelwkoj$‐ os SUU$lfi <7*

Jow ojd{ ku igyelwkojealjfkjf kj wai }dleiu vaisiwai Kjwisjiw ku lxlkdlcdi$wai siuoyseiu lxlkdlcdi ojwai Kjwisjiw lsi ealjfkjfigyelwkoj ixij vaisi waiKjwisjiw ku jow lxlkdlcdi$ Cojulkg*

]io}di lsi wlbkjfbjovdigfi wo siòwi }dleiu*—Hos kjuwljei$ kj ViuwisjEakjl$ K wldb lcoyw wai ‑<bf]soniew$‛ vaisi }io}di fooj wai Vic$ xodyjwiis waikswkì ljg xkukw ueaoodu kjViuwisj Eakjl$ ljg cskjf ojibkdofsl` oh uwyhh vkwa wai`$ai ulkg*

—Waiui bkgu goj‛w alxiKjwisjiw leeiuu* Cyw sildd{$ wKjwisjiw‛u ijlcdkjf wai` wofiw igyelwkoj walw jos`ldd{voydgj‛w al}}ij*‐

Kj wai coob$ Cojb }okjwuoyw aov wai gkhhisijw wsijgualxi iu}iekldd{ k`}lewigvosdgvkgi igyelwkoj$}lswkeydlsd{ o}ij eoysuivlsiljg o}ij igyelwkoj siuoyseiuoj wai Vic* Ualsig ojdkjixkgio ljg —vkbku$‐ ojdkji wiqwwalw silgisu elj eojwskcywi wolsi alxkjf l dlsfi kj yijei*

Eoddlcoslwkoj ku so` ckswwo gilwa ― so` B-<3 wo w

vosb}dlei*

JiQW ]LFi



U@LSW ]IO]DI 3

DILSJKJF

—Wai hlew ku walweoddlcoslwkoj ku hso` ckswa wogilwa waiui gl{u$‐ Cojb ulkg*—[oy alxi wo go kw kj B-<3ueaoodu wo uysxkxi ohwijwkìu$ljg lduo kj vosb}dleiu*‐

—Wai xluw `lnoskw{ oh }io}di fokjf ojdkji lsi jowdoobkjf lw kw wo wlbi l eoysui$os wo fiw l gifsii$‐ Cojb ulkg* —Wai{‛si gokjf kw oyw oh waiks ovj }isuojld xodkwkoj*Wai{‛si gokjf kw oyw oh waiksovj dilsjkjf |yiuw$ kh {oyvkdd*‐

Wasoyfa wai wiuwkòjkiuoh i-dilsjisu$ wileaisu$wieajodof{ dilgisu ljgowaisu$ Cojb }okjwu oyw walw

jow ojd{ lsi wai ìwaoguoh kjuwsyewkoj ealjfkjf$wieajodof{ ku lduo ldwiskjf waivl{ vi dilsj wakjfu*

—Kh ldd {oy alxi kj {oyswiuwu lsi glwiu ljg uwlwiuljg el}kwldu ― vakea {oyelj ilukd{ alxi leeiuu wo ljg}yw oj {oys lua ìòs{

uwkebu -- valw alxi vi sildd{wlyfaw }io}di?‐ Cojb ulkg*—Uo vi alxi jiv |yiuwkojulcoyw igyelwkoj ljg lcoyww{}iu oh bjovdigfi$ dixidu oh bjovdigfi$ w{}iu oh ubkddu$}socdi -uodxkjf* Valw uaoydg ci wai foldu hos igyelwkoj?‐

Waisi ku lj iqwijukxi Vic}siuijei leeo`}lj{kjf wai coob* —K wsyd{ wskig wo uaov

walw wai vosdg ku o}ij c{alxkjf l dow oh hsii eojwijw$‐Cojb ulkg*

Wai ukwi$ aww}>//vosdgkuo}ij*eo`$ hilwysiudkjbu wo siuoyseiu ljgsihisijeiu hso` wai coob$uoì iqeis}wu$ lu vidd lu l coob }si|yid ljg }ouwuesk}w*Cojb vkdd uooj ci lggkjf lji-coob —iqwijukoj‐ oh wai wiqw*

Wai ukwi lduo dkjbu wo aku}isuojld cdof$ WslxidkjIg@lj!aww}>//wslxidkjig`lj* cdofu}ow*eo`/+$ lu vidd lugkueyuukoj u}leiu hos silgisuwo ualsi waiks ovj uwoskiuvakea elj ci iq}ljgig kj lvkbk*

Goj‛w ìuu vkwa ay`lj jlwysi

EoJWKJyiG

Lj{oji elj dilsj lj{wakjf hso` lj{cog{ lj{wkì

C{ Ealsdiu Iakj

Wakjb hos l òìjw lcoyw{oys òuw ìòslcdi vosb ljg dkhi iq}iskijeiu* Valwlu}iewu oh waoui ixijwuydwk`lwid{ uyshlei lu òuwìljkjfhyd?

@{ fyiuu ku walw waii}kuogiu lsi edouid{ dkjbigwo `ywyldd{ sivlsgkjfsidlwkojuak}u*

—Wakjfu‐ uidgo` ijwis wai}kewysi*

Cyw fyiuu valw? Jilsd{ldd cyukjiuu ueaoodu$ lw diluwlw wai kjwsogyewos{ dixidu$lsi uwkdd hoeyuig oj wai hoys hyjewkoju oh `ljlfiìjw ―}dljjkjf$ osfljk~kjf$ dilgkjfljg eojwsoddkjf*

Waiui hyjewkoju visioskfkjldd{ kjwsogyeig c{wai wvo òuw }so`kjijw`ljlfiìjw fysyu lw waicifkjjkjf oh wai 3=wa Eijwys{,

Wai dluw wkì K eaiebigvi‛si uy}}ouig wo ci s`d{ljeaosig kj wai BjovdigfiLfi* Uo valw fkxiu?

Aov eoì waisi uwkdd kuldòuw jo ìjwkoj kj waiedluusoo` oh wai k`}oswljeioh eo-ixodxkjf sidlwkojuak}uvakea ku uyea lj k`}oswljw}lsw oh ay`lj jlwysi ljgoji oh wai òuw eskwkeldeo`}ojijwu oh wai kjjoxlwkoj}soeiuu?

Va{? K fyiuu kw‛u alsgwo uwo} l ealsfkjf sakjo !odgalckwu lsi alsg wo csilb+*Kw `l{ lduo ci cielyuisidlwkojuak}u lsi iìsfijwljg$ waisihosi$ lsi alsg wowsleb kh wai{ elj‛w ci kjedygigkj jljekld uwlwiìjwu*

Osfljk~lwkoju ljg uoekldjiwvosbu lsi eo`}ouig oh }io}di* Wai{ lsi osfljkeijwkwkiu$ jow `leakjiu*Waisihosi$ ay`lj jlwysi

uaoydg sieikxi wai ywòuwlwwijwkoj kjuwilg oh `leakjiìwl}aosu dkbi wai KjgyuwskldLfi hyjewkoju oh `ljlfiìjw*

Valw‛u òuwgkuwysckjf lcoywwai dleb oh hoeyuoj ay`lj jlwysiku wai hlew walwòuw oh wai vosb kj lj{ ijwis}skuiku leeo`}dkuaig kjkjhos`ld jiwvosbuvaisi ìljkjfhyd—yj`ljlfig‐sidlwkojuak}u lsi waijlì oh wai flì*

Kj wai @l{ kuuyi oh U`lsw ]io}di $ K ìjwkojig`{ gkueoxis{ oh wai—osfljk~lwkojld uviiw u}ow*‐Ku kw lj{ vojgis walw kjwai uviiw u}ow `ywyldd{uy}}oswkxi sidlwkojuak}u ljg

JiQW ]LFi



DILSJKJF

37 U@LSW ]IO]DI

]so iuuos Ealsdiu !Bldix+ Iakj ku lj lywaos ljg

sieofjk~ig kjjoxlwkoj g{jl`keu lywaoskw{*Aku dlwiuw coob ku Wai Osfljk~lwkojld Uviiw U}ow> Ijflfkjf wai Kjjoxlwkxi G{jl`keu oh [oys Uoekld Jiwvosbu * Vic ukwi> vvv*Yj @ljlfiìjw*eo`*

yj`ljlfiìjw sikfj? ]ywljowais vl{> lw wai uviiw u}owwai hoeyu oh ilea kjgkxkgyld‛uhslì oh `kjg uakhwu hso` wai—gsilgig }ovis oh wai couu‐wo —ijflfkjf ljg ijno{kjf wai}ovis oh wai uyssoyjgkjf eo-ixodxkjf jiwvosbu*‐

Kw aid}u wo bii} kj `kjgwalw ixis{ osfljk~lwkoj$ kh kw‛uuwkdd kj cyukjiuu$ alu lw diluwoji uviiw u}ow* Wai wskeb ku wo

jg kw ljg diw kw uii lu `yea—gl{dkfaw‐ lu }ouukcdi slwaiswalj alxkjf kw hyjewkoj kj waiglsbjiuu oh wai covidu oh ljijwis}skui eojuwljwd{ oj waidooboyw hos wai eojwsoddkjfaljg oh `ljlfiìjw*

Waisihosi$ valw‛uiuuijwkld ku gixido}kjf ljosfljk~lwkojld eojwiqw walwhlekdkwlwiu wai iìsfijw!joj-uy}isxkuig+ yui oh yjk|yi kjgkxkgyld ubkddu ljgwldijwu kj eojeisw vkwa owais

kjgkxkgyldu*

Valw `lbiu wai uviiwu}ow uo }ovishyd ku kwu uidd-osfljk~kjf g{jl`keu* Wai`lnos hlewosu kj waku eaysjkjf}soeiuu lsi wai ualskjf oh wlekw bjovdigfi !yj-eogk ig

bjovdigfi fsoyjgig kj}isuojld iq}iskijeiu+$ waiiq}ljukoj oh uoekld el}kwld!foogvkdd }soxkgig wo

kjhos`ld jiwvosb ì`cisuwasoyfa xldylcdi kjhos`lwkoj$kj yijei ljg eoaiukoj+ ljgay`lj jlwysi !hyjglìjwlday`lj eo`}ywlwkojgkhhisijwklwkjf ciwviijaouwkdi ljg aou}kwlcdiuwk`ydk+*

Sieijw siuilsea alu lggigwvo òsi bi{ eo`}ojijwuwo wai g{jl`keu oh waiuviiw u}ow ― }skgi ljg waivljgiskjf `kjg*

Uwsljfid{$ }u{eaodofkuwuyjwkd xis{ sieijwd{ kfjosig}skgi lu l cluke uoekldiòwkoj* Walw jo dojfis ku waielui*

Siuilseaisu ljld{~igyj}so`}wig siu}ojuiu wovkjjkjf os doukjf l u}oswkjfixijw* Wai{ hoyjg walwiq}siuukoju oh }skgi lhwis lvkj visi uk`kdls wo ldd jlwkojukjxodxig ― l udkfaw u`kdi$ vkwaailg wkdw$ ljg aljgu oj ak}u osslkuig akfa*

@ouw k`}oswljwd{$ wai{hoyjg walw }io}di wijg woluuoeklwi }skgi vkwa akfaisuwlwyuixij vaij wai }isuojkjxodxig sljbig sidlwkxid{ dovoj wai wowi` }odi*

Nyuw k`lfkji valw ldkwwdi —jlwysld‐ }skgi elj

go kjuwilg oh }sk~iu godigoyw c{ `ljlfiìjw uyea luwai —i`}do{ii oh wai òjwalvlsg*‐

Walw }isuoj ku ilfis wouwlsw os nokj ljowais }soniew*Lduo wil``lwiu vkdd ci òsiijwayukluwke lcoyw sieikxkjflgxkei hso` uyea }io}di ljgkjxkwkjf wai` wo nokj waikswil`*

@kjg vljgiskjf kuwai owais jiv eo`}ojijwgiuisxkjf l }so`kjijw }dlei kjwai osfljk~lwkojld uviiw u}ow*

Jiysouekijwkuwu alxihoyjg walw oys `kjgu vljgislw diluw hw{ }iseijw oh waiwkì vaij vi lsi kjxodxig kjl wlub$ ixij vaij iq}dkekwd{lubig wo }l{ edoui lwwijwkoj*

Kjwisiuwkjfd{$ wvo sifkojuoh oys cslkju cieoì lewkxigyskjf `kjg vljgiskjf*Oji ku wai iqieywkxi eojwsodu{uwi`* Waku lsil oh wai cslkjkj yijeiu cowa oys eojuekoyuljg uyceojuekoyu waoyfawuwovlsg k`}oswljw foldu*

Wai owais sifkoj ku waigihlydw jiwvosb* Iuuijwkldd{$waku sifkoj cieoìu lewkxigyskjf uidh-sihisijwkldwakjbkjf* Walw ku$ si iewkjfoj }isuojld iq}iskijeiu os}kewyskjf {oysuidh kj waihywysi*

Wai cowwo` dkji ku walwvi kjjlwid{$ eojuekoyud{ osyjeojuekoyud{$ si iew oj waiaisi ljg jov ljg wai hywysi*Kj ihhiew$ vi ws{ wo cldljei weyssijw vkwa valw dkiu lailgoj wai aosk~oj*

Jov$ aov go {oy wakjb waku ldd }dl{u oyw kj gkhhisijosfljk~lwkojld eojwiqwu? Walwku$ oji cluig oj wai s`lgaisijei wo wai hyjewkoju oh `ljlfiìjw$ wai owais cluig

oj wai }skjek}diu oh ay`ljjlwysi os uidd-osfljk~lwkoj* K‛diw {oy ljuvis walw |yiuwkojoj oys ovj*

Valw K uyffiuw ku walwvi uwlsw }l{kjf `yea edouislwwijwkoj wo @owais Jlwysiljg dilxi wai hyjewkoju oh `ljlfiìjw vaisi wai{ cidojf ― oj wai }lfiu oh akuwos{ coobu*

EoJWKJyiG

Goj‛w ìuu vkwa ay`lj jlwysi



U@LSW ]IO]DI 39

DILSJKJF

Elsod Bkjui{ Fo`lj$]aG$ ku lj lywaos ljg bi{jowi u}ilbis vao

lggsiuuiu luuoeklwkoj$foxisjìjw$ ljg

cyukjiuu lygkijeiu lsoyjg wai vosdg* Ais

dlwiuw coob ljg }sofsl` wo}ke ku Wai Jojxiscld Lgxljwlfi ― Uiesiwuljg Uekijei oh Cog{ Dljfylfi lw Vosb *

Hos òsi kj os`lwkoj$eojwlew Elsod c{

}aoji> 9<=*938*<636i`lkd> EFo`ljM

EBF*eo`$ os wasoyfa ais Vic ukwiu> vvv*EBF*eo` ljg vvv*

JojxiscldLgxljwlfi*eo`*

Iòwkojld eojwlfkoj ― foog ljg clgC{ Elsod Bkjui{ Fo`lj

Kw uwlswig oyw wo ci l vojgishyd gl{* Wai uyj vlu uakjkjf ljg K vlu ukjfkjf ldojfvkwa `{ hlxoskwi slgko uwlwkoj vakdi gskxkjf wasoyfa yjyuyldd{ dkfaw wslh e wo wai UljHsljekueo lks}osw* Waij$ lu K vlu wysjkjf kjwo wai lks}osw }lsbkjf dow$ l gskxis lcsy}wd{}yddig kj hsojw oh ì ljg fdlsig wasoyfa aku silsxkiv `kssos* Lw wai wkebiw eoyjwis wailksdkji i`}do{ii hsovjig ljg ukfaig lu K iq}dlkjig wai jiig wo `lbi ealjfiu wo `{kwkjisls{* C{ wai wkì l ueovdkjf lwwijgljw woob `{ lksdkji wkebiw$ K ueovdig skfaw cleb*@{ foog òog alg ciij eojwl`kjlwig,

Jo oji ku k``yji wo iòwkojld eojwlfkoj* Hlekld fiuwysiu ljg waiks yjgisd{kjfiòwkoju !cowa }oukwkxi ljg jiflwkxi+ lsi akfad{ kjhiewkoyu ljg —elweakjf‐ wai` ku lyjkxisuld ay`lj }aijoìjoj* Vi ldd wijg wo `k`ke wai hlekld iq}siuukoju ljg si iewwai òog oh waoui vkwa vao` vi alxi eojwlew* Fiwwkjf l fijykji u`kdi elj cskfawijy} oys gl{* Ljg ljfs{ hsovju lsi y}uiwwkjf*

Vi‛si alsgvksig wo `k`ke iq}siuukoju ljg iòwkoju ljg alxi ciij gokjf uo ukjeikjhlje{* Jkji-òjwa-odg clckiu doob dojfis lw waiks òwaisu ljg iq}siuu fsilwis no{vaij waiks òwaisu lsi waiùidxiu no{hyd* Oji-{ils-odgu$ lhwis vlweakjf l xkgiowl}ioh lj lewsiuu }oswsl{kjf ikwais }oukwkxi os jiflwkxi hiidkjfu$ vkdd `k`ke wai lewsiuu‛iq}siuukoju ljg ldwis waiks ovj iòwkoju leeosgkjfd{*

Lu lgydwu$ vi si`lkj uyuei}wkcdi* Uvigkua siuilseaisu hoyjg walw ìsid{ uiikjf l}kewysi oh l al}}{ hlei }sogyeiu iiwkjf lewkxkw{ kj wai `yuediu walw }ydd wai òywakjwo l u`kdi* Kj hlew$ vaijixis vi doob lw l }aowofsl}a oh uoìoji }oswsl{kjf lj{ uwsojf iòwkoj$ dkbi ulgjiuu$ gkufyuwos no{$ oys hlekld `yuediu lywo`lwkeldd{ uwlsw wo `kssos walwiq}siuukoj* Ljg kw kuj‛w nyuw l }a{ukeld siu}ojui$ ukjei oys hlekldiq}siuukoju vkdd uycwd{ wskffis wai eossiu}ojgkjf hiidkjfu*

L cyukjiuu uk`ydlwkoj iq}iskìjw lw [ldi Yjkxisukw{ flxi

wvo fsoy}u oh }io}di wai luukfjìjw oh giekgkjf aov `yea oh l cojyu wo fkxi ilea i`}do{ii hso` l uiw hyjg oh òji{* Ilea}isuoj kj wai fsoy} vlu wo fiw lu dlsfi l cojyu lu }ouukcdihos eiswlkj i`}do{iiu$ vakdi cikjf hlks wo wai ijwksi i`}do{ii}o}ydlwkoj*

Kj oji fsoy}$ wai eoj kewkjf lfijglu dig wo uwsiuu ljgwijukoj$ vakdi kj wai uieojg fsoy}$ ixis{oji ijgig y} hiidkjffoog lcoyw wai siuydw* Wai gkhhisijei vlu kj wai —}dljwu‐― lewosu vao alg ciij uiesiwd{ luukfjig wo ilea fsoy}* Kj wai

suw fsoy}$ wai lewos vlu jiflwkxi ljg govjcilw -- ljg kj waiuieojg$ }oukwkxi ljg y}cilw* Wai iòwkojld woji oh wai ìiwkjfuhoddovig wai dilg oh ilea lewos ― ldwaoyfa joji oh wai fsoy}

ì`cisu yjgisuwoog va{ aku os ais hiidkjfu alg uakhwig*Kj `{ ealjfi-`ljlfiìjw eojuydwkjf$ K‛xi jowkeig walw kj wkìu oh osfljk~lwkojldyjeiswlkjw{$ i`}do{iiu kjuwkjewkxid{ }l{ òsi lwwijwkoj wo wai hlekld iq}siuukoju oh waoui lsoyjg wai`* ]io}di uilsea hos u`kdiu os hsovju wo fiw l ciwwis uijui oh aovwo kjwis}siw ljg silew wo l ukwylwkoj$ ljg waij wai{ cifkj wo `k`ke wai }sigo`kjljwiòwkoju* Vaij uoìoji òlju lcoyw lj y}eo`kjf ealjfi os sljwu walw wai eo`}lj{ku uysi wo fo yjgis$ eo-vosbisu elj ci —kjhiewig‐ vkwa l bkjg oh eoddiewkxi ljqkiw{ lcoywwai hywysi

Iu}iekldd{ jov$ kj ealddijfkjf wkìu$ vi jiig wo `lbi uysi vi‛si }lsw oh wai}oukwkxi iòwkoj uodywkoj$ ljg jow }lsw oh wai }socdi`*

Kj wkìu o osfljk~lwkojldyjeiswlkjw{$i`}do{iiu

kjuwkjewkxid{ }l{ òsi lwwijwkoj wo wai

lekld iq}siuukoju o waoui lsoyjg wai`*



ESILWKJF

38 U@LSW ]IO]DI

E S I L W K J FGiu}islwkoj ku wai òwais oh kju}kslwkoj

C{ Coc Fouaij

Ixis{oji alu ciij waisi lwoji wkì os ljowais ― wai eodguvilwu os wai ukebijkjf oh waiuwo`lea vaij }siuijwig vkwal ealddijfi walw uiiù wowldd{oxisvaid`kjf*

Wai kjkwkld uaoeb$ wai}soeiuu oh |yiuwkojkjf aoveoydg waku ci al}}ijkjf?Va{ gkg waku al}}ij wo ì?Valw l` K fokjf wo go? Ljghos uoì$ ku dkhi sildd{ voswadkxkjf? Lj ixijw walw elyuiu

wowld giu}islwkoj,Vaiwais hleig vkwa wai}ouukckdkw{ oh l dkhi-wasilwijkjfkddjiuu kj {oysuidh os l doxigoji2 os lj yjhoswyjlwigovjwysj kj cyukjiuuwalw lhhiewu {oysuidh$ {oysi`}do{iiu ljg wai uy}}dkisu{oy‛xi cykdw sidlwkojuak}u vkwa$giu}islwkoj ku waisi*

Cyw {oy uii$ ixis{oji aluijeoyjwisig wai ealddijfiu*

Waisi lsi waoui vao alxi douwl hl`kd{ ì`cis os l eakdgljg alxi fsovj }luw walwkjkwkld giu}islwkoj* [oy‛xi

ailsg uwos{ lhwis uwos{lcoyw ealddijfiu walwvoydg `lbi òuw}io}di jo dojfisgiuksi hiddovuak}vkwa owaisu$ uwoskiuwalw voydg uijg òuw}io}di kjwo wowldkuodlwkoj2 {iw wai{alxi uwoog uwsojfljg alxi hos wai òuw}lsw aid}ig owaisuvao alxi alg waiulì ealddijfi wai{iq}iskijeig*

Uo valw go {oy dilsj hso`giu}islwkoj? Aov elj {oy ul{walw kju}kslwkoj ku }sogyeig c{giu}islwkoj? Elj giu}islwkoj

ci oys hskijg? Diw‛u doob lwvalw ciji wu vi sieikxivaij vi jg oysuidxiu kj lgiu}islwi ukwylwkoj*j Kw `lbiu {oy siixldylwi

vaisi {oy lsi* [oy `yuwk`ìgklwid{ lub wai|yiuwkoj$ valw esilwig wakuealddijfi? Ku kw uoìwakjfK gkg? Valw }skjek}di gkgK xkodlwi wo sieikxi waku}lkj? Eoydg K alxi gojilj{wakjf gkhhisijwd{?Vlu waku wowldd{ oyw oh `{ eojwsod? Giu}islwkoj

`lbiu {oy uwo} ljgsilgnyuw wo wai jov* Kw`lbiu {oy wlbi kjxijwos{oh {oys dkhi ljg ohwij }ywudkhi cleb kjwo cldljei*Kw hoseiu iql`kjlwkoj oh lewkoju*

j Kw ealddijfiu {oysealslewis* Kw ikwais `lbiu{oy l ciwwis }isuoj os l ckwwis }isuoj* Kw `lbiu{oy dilj oj wai xldyiu

dilsjig walw bii} {oyuieysi kj {oys waoyfawuljg lewkoju* Kw òxiu {oykjwo l uwsojfis }lwwisj oh }lwkijei ljg ijgysljei$ c{ cifkjjkjf wo jg nyuwaov uwsojf {oy lsi ljgaov wai {ilsu alxi fkxij{oy wai lckdkw{ wo ijgysi`yea òsi walj waoyfaw}ouukcdi*

j Kw udovu {oy govj* Ohwijwai gklfjouku oh l gkuiluik`ìgklwid{ udovu l}isuoj govj* Kw `lbiu{oy doob lw lewkxkwkiu oxiswai {ilsu ljg aov oys cogkiu ljg `kjgu alxi ciij wsilwig* Giu}islwkojsidlwig wo l aildwaealddijfi gskxiu {oy wowai gii}iuw eosi xldyiuljg esilwiu l csljg jiv

`kjguiw walw ul{u —aildwaku wai òuw k`}oswljw luuivi `lkjwlkj$‐ ljg vivkdd vosb alsgis wo hiigoys cogkiu* Giu}islwkojlu sidlwig wo aildwa kuuoìwkìu wai ojd{ vl{Fog alu oh ul{kjf$ —[oy‛siwoo uwsiuuhyd2 udov govj

j Kw `lbiu {oy eojukgis {oyshlkwa* @lj{ alxi hoyjg kjwaoui wkìu oh fsilwgiu}islwkoj wai{ oxiedouis wo u}kskwyld cidkih

Wai fsilwiuw eysi hosgiu}islwkoj ku ao}i* Kw ku waojd{ kjfsigkijw walw elj òxil }isuoj hosvlsg hso` walwudk}}is{ udo}i oh giu}islwkoj*Wai ao}i walw woòssov vkdd ci l ciwwis gl{$ wai ao}i walwsidlwkojuak}u vkdd fiw ciwwisLjg hos waoui vao alxi douwl doxig oji$ wai ao}i ljg cidkih kj bjovkjf wai{ lsi kjl `yea ciwwis }dlei*

Vaiwais kw ku l cyukjiuu

jow eo`kjf wofiwais os l`yea dlsfis hl`kd{ ealddijfi${oy visi }dleig aisi oj ilswajow wo uysxkxi cyw wo waskxfkxi dkfaw wo waoui vao alxijoji*

Ixij gyskjf wai giu}islwi{ilsu oh wai <;6=u vaij wakujlwkoj uwoog kj —uwlf lwkoj‐hos òsi walj l gielgi$ vaijwai Gov Nojiu akw 19= }okjwuvaij waisi visi flu dkjiuwvo `kdiu dojf lu vi slwkojigfluodkji$ ljg wai sieosg vluuiw hos cljbsy}we{$ waisi vlujiv kju}kslwkoj*

Hos gyskjf waku wkì—Ub{dlc‐ vlu }yw kjwo u}lei$wai Eojeosgi { hso` Iyso}iwo wai Yjkwig Uwlwiu kj diuuwalj hoys aoysu$ ljg l {oyjf

JiQW ]LFi




http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/smart-people-magazine-52009 30/3431 U@LSW ]IO]DI

ESILWKJF

EoJWKJyiG

Aov wo uyeeiig c{ wakjbkjf gkhhisijwd{

Fkxi {oysuidh l edils wlsfiw c{ giueskckjf$ lu edilsd{ lu

}ouukcdi$ valw kw doobu dkbivaij {oy leakixi uyeeiuu*Wakjb lcoyw vakea cidkihu {oyjiig wo òxi oyw oh wai vl{os uyu}ijg !k*i*$ —walw‛u jow waivl{ vi go wakjfu aisi * * * oyseyuwoìsu vkdd jixis leei}w Q* * *‐+*

Now govj wai òuwkjwisiuwkjf |yiuwkoju {oy eljeoì y} vkwa wo ijeoyslfiwakjbkjf gkhhisijwd{ ljg lbi

{oys |yiuwkoju o}ij ijgigljg hywysi hoeyuig*

Eojukgis gkhhisijwljfdiu

]oui |yiuwkoju

wo }so`}w {oys cslkj wo doob lwwai ulì glwl kj ljiv vl{* —Valw

voydg oys eo`}iwkwos kjxiuwkj kh wai{ visi yu? Valw ojiwakjf go oys eyuwoìsu sildd{vljw yu wo ealjfi? Valw gooys i`}do{iiu wakjb voydg}soxkgi wai òuw hyid hos oysuyeeiuu?‐ \yiuwkoju aid}

{oy doob lw ealddijfiu hso`gkhhisijw }isu}iewkxiu* Wai{aid} ealjfi oys }isei}wkojuo walw wai ulì glwl alugkhhisijw ìljkjf*

Uwlfi {oys idg oh xkukojFiw wai skfaw wakjfu kj

hsojw oh {oy* Lgydw ay`ljulsi xis{ xkuyldd{ gskxijesilwysiu$ cyw wogl{ waisi lsiòsi gkuwslewkoju walj ixiseo`}iwkjf hos oys wkì ljglwwijwkoj*

@lbi uysi {oys wlsfiwulsi xkukcdi wo {oy lu `yea oh wai wkì lu }ouukcdi* Fiw waiòj wai vldd kj {oys oh ei2alxi wai` }o} y} oj {oyswlub dkuw oj {oys eo`}ywisljg ]GL* @lbi uysi wai{ lsixkukcdi wo ixis{oji kjxodxiglu vidd*

Kh kw ku jow kj hsojw oh {oyxkuyldd{$ {oy }soclcd{ voj‛wgo kw$ uo wlbi wai wkì wo dd{oys vosbkjf lsil vkwa wai

xkuyldu walw aid} bii} {oyhoeyuig oj uyeeiuu*

Eojjiew wai gowukj jiv vl{u

Hkfyskjf oyw }lwwisjuhosù l dlsfi }lsw oh oys kjwiddkfijei* [oysuyceojuekoyu `kjg dkbiuedouysi*

Vaij hleig vkwa ljkjeo`}diwi }kewysi$ kw vosbuwo eo`}diwi wai ìjwld k`lfi c{ kjhisskjf wai kuukjfkjhos`lwkoj*

[oys `kjg vosbu waiulì vl{ oj lj yjuodxig

}socdi` os ealddijfi2 kw doxiuwo gkxi skfaw kj ljg fiw wai noc goji c{ yukjf valw {oyldsilg{ bjov os iq}iew*

Uo$ doob hos uyeeiuuhydl}}soleaiu walw elj cil}}dkig wo {oys ukwylwkoj*Valw }sogyewu$ uisxkeiu ljg/os eo`}ljkiu lsi kjesigkcd{uyeeiuuhyd skfaw jov? Valwelj {oy lgl}w hso` valw wai{lsi gokjf?

Oskfkjld kgilu elj eoìhso` sieofjk~kjf jiveojjiewkoju ciwviij hl`kdklswakjfu ljg wsljuhos`kjf wai`kjwo uoìwakjf jiv*

Kj `lj{ vl{u$ oys ovj cslkj fiwu kj oys vl{ waiòuw ljg `kjk`k~iu oyskjjoxlwkoj* Vi elj dilsj wodixislfi wai }ovis oh kw c{}lyukjf ixis{ jov ljg waijwo>j Gi ji iqeiddijei y} hsojw

!goj‛w go kw oxis$ u}ijg waiwkì wo go kw skfaw wai s

wkì+2j Eojukgis gkhhisijw}isu}iewkxiu ljg ljfdiu2

j Lub uk`}di |yiuwkojuwo wskffis l jiv vl{ oh }iseikxkjf2

j ]ojgis wai k`}ouukcdi*

Aodd{ F* Fsiij ku lywaos oh @osi Walj L @kjywi $ ljgEIO ljg `ljlfkjf gksiewos$Wai Ay`lj Hlewos$ Kje* Uai aluòsi walj 3= {ilsu oh iqieywkxidixid ljg o}islwkoju iq}iskijeikj Hoswyji <==$ ijwsi}sijiyskldljg `ljlfiìjw eojuydwkjfosfljk~lwkoju* Uai vlu }sixkoy}siukgijw oh Wai Bij CdljealsgEo`}ljkiu$ l fdocld eojuydwkjfljg wslkjkjf osfljk~lwkoj lu viddlu Dy`@ig$ Kje* l ckowiea uwy}* Hos òsi kjhos`lwkoj$ xkukòsiwaljl`kjywi*eo`*

Fsiij



U@LSW ]IO]DI 3;

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Uwyg{ jgu ìj òsi walj voìjualsi waiks esilwkxi vosb ojdkjiL Joswaviuwisj Yjkxisukw{$Y*U*$ uwyg{ jgu walw ìj

lsi òsi dkbid{ wo ualsi waiksesilwkxi vosb ojdkji waljvoìj giu}kwi wai hlew walwvoìj ljg ìj ijflfi kjesilwkxi lewkxkwkiu lw iuuijwkldd{i|yld slwiu*

—Cielyui ualskjfkjhos`lwkoj oj waiKjwisjiw wogl{ ku l hosòh }lswkek}lwkjf kj }ycdkeeydwysi ljg eojwskcywkjf wo}ycdke gkueoysui$ walw widduyu ìj‛u xokeiu lsi cikjfgku}so}oswkojlwid{ ailsg$‐ul{u Iu~wis Alsfkwwlk$ luukuwljw}sohiuuos oh eo``yjkelwkojuwygkiu lw JoswaviuwisjYjkxisukw{*

Alsfkwwlk eo-lywaosigwai uwyg{ vkwa Joswaviuwisjsiuilseais Fkjl Vldinbo*

Oxisldd$ ldòuw wvo-waksguoh ìj si}oswig }ouwkjf waiksvosb ojdkji vakdi ojd{ aldh oh voìj si}oswig gokjf uo*

Aovixis$ vaij Alsfkwwlkljg Vldinbo eojwsoddig hos

uidh-si}oswig gkfkwld dkwisle{ljg Vic bjov-aov$ wai{hoyjg walw ìj ljg voìjlewyldd{ }ouwig waiks `lwiskldlcoyw i|yldd{*

—Waku uyffiuwu walw waiKjwisjiw ku jow lj i|yld}dl{kjf idg hos ìj ljgvoìj ukjei waoui vkwa òsiojdkji lckdkwkiu ― vaiwais}iseikxig os lewyld ― lsi òsi

dkbid{ wo eojwskcywi ojdkjieojwijw$‐ ul{u Alsfkwwlk*

Wai uwyg{ wkwdig —Wai]lswkek}lwkoj Gkxkgi> EojwijwEsilwkoj ljg Ualskjf kjwai Gkfkwld Lfi‐ sieijwd{l}}ilsig kj wai noysjld$Kjhos`lwkoj$ Eo``yjkelwkoj ljgUoekiw{*

Alsfkwwlk ljg Vldinbohoyjg ìj visi òsi waljwvkei lu dkbid{ wo ualsi `yukeoj wai Vic walw wai{ algesilwig os si-`kqig waljvisi voìj2 ljg walw ìjvisi lduo eojukgislcd{ osidkbid{ wo }ouw d` os xkgiowai{ `lgi vaij eo`}lsig wovoìj vao ijflfig kj d`-os xkgio-`lbkjf*

—@yea oh wai ilsd{siuilsea lcoyw wai Vicgviddig oj leeiuukckdkw{ljg oj gkfkwld wieajodof{‛u‑alxiu‛ ljg ‑alxi-jowu$‛‐ul{u Alsfkwwlk* Ljg ilsd{eojxisulwkoju lcoyw wai Vicsixodxig lsoyjg kwu }owijwkldlu l uoekld dixidis ojei leeiuu

kuuyiu visisiuodxig*

Wogl{$siuilseaisudkbi Alsfkwwlk― vao gksiewuJoswaviuwisj‛uVic Yui

]soniew ― ljg Vldinbo uwyg{aov }io}di yui wai Kjwisjiw$vao esilwiu eojwijw hos waiVic ljg vaiwais os jow waiKjwisjiw eojwskcywiu wo uoekldi|yldkw{*

Kj waiks uysxi{ oh esilwkxieojwijw ― vaiwais ojdkji osoh kji ― wai Joswaviuwisjsiuilseaisu hoyjg walw ojlxislfi wvo oyw oh wasii ìj

ljg wvo oyw oh wasii voìjijflfi kj esilwkxi vskwkjf$ lsw

}aowofsl}a{$ `yuke os d`/xkgio fijisldd{ !ljg waku goiujow sidlwi kj lj{ vl{ wo waiVic+*

—Uo vakdiesilwkxioyw}yw$ ojwai lffsiflwi$ku i|yldd{gkuwskcywiglòjf ìjljg voìj$wai ualskjf oh uyea eojwijw kujow$‐ Alsfkwwlkul{u*

Oh wai 8<}iseijw oh waihydd ul`}divao si}oswigijflfkjf kj lwdiluw oji w{}ioh esilwkxilewkxkw{$ 98}iseijw ulkgwai{ }ouwig lw diluw uoì oh waiks esilwkxi vosb ojdkji*

Jow uys}skukjfd{ ― ukjei kwku wai ilukiuw eojwijw wo }ouw― wai òuw }o}ydls w{}i oh esilwkxi eojwijw ualsig ojdkjivlu esilwkxi vskwkjf* Nyuw oxisaldh oh wai uwygijwu vao si}oswijflfkjf kj esilwkxi vskwkjflduo si}oswig }ouwkjf waiks

vosb ojdkji*Xkgio vlu wai uieojgòuw }o}ydls esilwkxi vosb wo ci }ouwig$ lw nyuw yjgis9= }iseijw* Lflkj$ Alsfkwwlk}okjwu wo wai ilui oh }ouwkjfuyea `lwiskld* —Xkgio-ualskjfukwiu dkbi [oyWyci `lbi kwsidlwkxid{ uk`}di hos }io}di woualsi waiks ovj os si`kqigxkgiou$‐ uai ul{u*

—Kw l}}ilsu walw dleb o }iseikxig ubkdd ku aodgkjf voìj cleb so` }ywwkjf waiks esilwkxi eojwijw oyw

waisi$‐ ul{u Alsfkwwlk*



W A I B H L E W O S

BJOVDIGFI HLEWOS

5= U@LSW ]IO]DI

B@ Ukq ]leb %7Eo`}lj{> Jow `ljlfkjf cyw ijlcdkjf bjovdigfiWak k wa swa kj l sk kq lswke kjws g ekjf j v { jflf g }

ljlf s w wa cl ke bj v gf -cl g jw s}sk *C{ Niss{ Lua

Cihosi eydwysld ealjfi kj lbjovdigfi-cluig osfljk~lwkojelj oeeys oj wai uao} oos$wai skfaw eos}oslwi eydwysi aluwo ci kj }dlei kj wai iqieywkxiuykwi$ esilwkjf lj ijxksojìjwvaisi }io}di lsi eo`hoswlcdigixido}kjf jiv vosb }slewkeiu*

Siuwskewkxi }soeigysiu ljgfykgidkjiu hso` wai wo} govjdilxi dkwwdi }dlei$ kh lj{$ hosay`lj iòwkoju$ kju}kslwkoj$bjov-aov ljg kjgkxkgyld oseoddlcoslwkxi lgxijwysi kj waii`}do{ii eydwysi*

@ljlfkjf wogl{ si|yksiubjovkjf valw }io}di hlei kjwaiks nocu ljg jgkjf vl{uwo sieojekdi kuuyiu ljg ijlcdiesilwkxi wakjbkjf*

Dilgkjf ljg hoddovkjfkj wai B@ eo``yjkw{ kul eoddlcoslwkxi y}-govjiqisekui* Waisi lsi uixisldbi{u wo iuwlcdkuakjf lbjovdigfi-hskijgd{ eos}oslwieydwysi* Wai òuw k`}oswljwlsi>j Uiikjf wai osfljk~lwkoj

diuu lu l `leakji o}islwig c{ }io}di$ ljg òsi lulj osfljke ljg ckodofkeldosfljku` eo`}ouig oh }io}di$ iq}ljgkjf ljgixij `ywlwkjf vkwakjjoxlwkxi kgilu os hluwissiu}ojui wkìu walj walw oh eo`}iwkwosu*

j Uiikjf wai cyukjiuu cluig oj kjgkxkgyld ljgeoddlcoslwkxi eo`ìseikjuwilg oh eos}oslwieo`ìsei$ vakea vkdd

ealjfi wai odg eojei}w oh wai s`*

j Uiikjf wai sodi oh `ljlfisu lu oji oh eo``yjkelwkjf$ ìjwoskjfljg ijlcdkjf$ slwais walj`ljlfkjf*Osfljk~lwkoju kj wai

Kjgyuwskld Lfi woob ckf }io}diljg }yw wai` kj dkwwdi coqiu$waij flxi wai` l aldh-vskwwij

uesk}w ― wai noc giuesk}wkoj― ljg iq}iewig wai` wo }dl{ lsodi*

Wai `kjywi wai{ uwlswigwo ci waiùidxiu$ waiks uesk}wuvisi uwyhhig kj waiks hleiu*

Ohwij wai òuw eo`òj`kueojei}wkoju si`lkj walwi`}do{iiu alxi dk`kwigos jlssov el}lckdkwkiu$ lsiyjwsyuwvoswa{ os ixijgkudo{ld ― ljg wayu$ wai jiig

hos skfkg sydiu*Ljg {iw$ jo oji‛u fold kjdkhi ku wo go l ìgkoesi noc lwl eo`}lj{ ai os uai alwiu* Kjhlew$ òuw vljw wo go l wissk e noc oj ìljkjfhyd }soniewu lwl eo`}lj{ wai{ elsi lcoywljg vkwa }io}di wai{ dkbi*

Wai osfljk~lwkoj walwfijykjid{ sieofjk~iuwai jieiuukw{ oh B@ ljg cykdgu lj ijxksojìjw walwvideo iu kjkwklwkxi ljgeoddlcoslwkoj vkdd jg walw l}oukwkxi ealjfi kj i`}do{iieydwysi ― wo} wo cowwo` ― vkdd|ykebd{ hoddov ljg eos}oslwileakixiìjwu vkdd uols*

Kj wai ciuw B@ ògid$`ljlfisu lsi xldyig jow cielyui wai{ lsi kj eojwsod osbjov òsi walj waiks uwlhhu$ cyw cielyui wai{ elj |ykebd{

eo``yjkelwi wai wakjfu wai{go bjov ljg fiw uwlhh wo gowai ulì vkwa ilea owais*

Vaisi wai eo`}lj{ku vkddkjf wo ealjfi kwuosfljk~lwkojld ealsw hso`xiswkeld dkjiu wo oxisdl}}kjfeksediu$ akislsea{ vkdd wlbioj l vojgsoyud{ gkhhisijweo`}diqkoj*

@ogisj-gl{ dilgisu vkdd

cykdg ijxksojìjwu oh wsyuwljg `ywyld siu}iew vaisiesilwkxi eojwskcywkoj ku waijos`*

Uyea josù kj eos}oslwieydwysi alxi$ kj sieijw {ilsu$ealjfig wai vl{ uwlhhu vosb$ualsi$ dilsj$ ljg siu}ojg woedkijwu‛ jiigu*

Waiui lsi uidh-òwkxlwigvosbisu vao bjov waiksbjovdigfi ku k`}oswljw wo wai

}ishos`ljei oh wai eo`}lj{ljg wo waiùidxiu*Wai{ lsi ijisfk~ig ljg

eo``kwwig wo kjesilukjfkjjoxlwkoj$ }ishos`ljeiljg }sogyewkxkw{* Wai{ lsiwiuwkòj{ wo wai k`}lew walwealjfiu kj eos}oslwi eydwysiljg `ljlfiìjw }slewkei eljalxi oj wai bjovdigfi-gskxijosfljk~lwkoj*

Uii Ukq ]leb %< wasoyfa 5 kjwai @l{ wasoyfa Lyfyuw kuuyiRvvv*u`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`P* Kj wai Oewocis kuuyi> Jaolsgkjf cyw `ljlfkjf oji‛u}isuojld bjovdigfi*



Ie `ke e y eal iewk f y }i }di?

Ku g k f ` i vkwa diuuuw iuuk f wai` yw?

Go uoìwakjf hos wai`

ljg wai eo`}lj{*Eo-csljg U`lsw ]io}di `lfl~kjiljg `lbi kw lxlkdlcdi wo ixis{oji ―

i`}do{iiu$ uy}}dkisu$ ixij eyuwoìsu* Kw‛u oji eood woodwalw sileaiu oyw

wo wai gkfkwldd{ eojjiewigwo wsljuhis waiks }luukoju hos uoekld

jiwvosbkjf$ ojdkji dilsjkjf ljg

siuilsea hso` wai oywukgi-kj*Siuydwu> Diuu uwsiuu*

Al}}kis$ òsi esilwkxiljg eoddlcoslwkxi vosbisu*

Ljg akfais }sogyewkxkw{wo ohhuiw wai dilj {ilsu*

hosIxIs{ojI

Eojwlew U`lsw ]io}di }ycdkuais$ Niss{ Lua u`lsw*fy{<Mu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

os giwlkdu* Os eldd ak`> 1<5*559*<599



K {oy cidkixi kj U`lsw ]io}di $ slkui {oys aljg,Wai }io}di ciakjg waku `lfl~kji lsi wai xljfylsg o l xodyjwiis

eo``yjkw{ kjwijw oj aid}kjf }io}di dixislfi wai bjovdigfi ljg jiwvosbkjf }ovis o wai Kjwisjiw wo `lbi dkxkjf$ dilsjkjf$ eaooukjf$

esilwkjf ljg vosbkjf ciwwis os ldd o yu* Kw ku lj ijosòyu wluvi yjgiswlbi ljg vi jiig {oy*

@lsbiwkjf }so iuukojldu ‣ Uoekjiwvosbisu ‣ Eo``yjkw{ dilgisu ‣

]souyìsu ‣ Vskwisu ‣ UycniewIq}iswu ‣ Eoddlcoslwosu ‣ ]lswjisu

L hdklwiu ‣ Eo``yjkelwosu Siuilseaisu ‣ Eal`}koju ‣ Dilgisu ‣ Lewkxkuw

― ljg nyuw }dlkj osgkjls{ u`lsw }io}di

Eojwlew Niss{ Lua$ Xodyjwiis %u`lsw*fy{<Mu`lsw}io}di`lfl~kji*eo`

]*U* Lu kj ldd ualskjf$ {oy vkdd fiw òswalj {oy fkxi c{ cikjf l }lsw o waku fsljg }soniew ― k {oy xldyi wai dilsjkjf$ fsovkj

ljg iq}iskijei wo ci flkjig aisi*

Smart People magazine 5/2009

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