Smart office deepika

Bis term paper

Ubiquitous computing

Smart office

By Deepika agrawal

B1ooo7

Pgp-1

SMART OFFICE

Abstract

Ubiquitous computing is exploring quite different from a single computer to Personal Digital Assistants

but the physical and mental hindrance comes in all sizes and shapes With the personal and

professional information being collected transmitted and stored in the office computer in greater

volume the opportunities for the data interception theft and be it official and unofficial will be

discriminating To make any office a smart one too much of technical know-how is needed for which

the requirement of technical personnel is high and less number of them is at present

What Is Smart office

Smart office is a concept of Ubiquitous Computing where office works will be carried out in a simple

communicative and information processing way to gain fast information in less time productivity

communication and value Unlike traditional office where there are problems related to security of

data information processing forgery delay of tasks the ubiquitous computing environment in smart

office will support solutions in such challenges Designed specifically for competitive markets and

modern era Smart Office brings together utilities customer information external demographic data

and business intelligence to allow utilities better target their customers

In the Smart Office computers will be embedded in the environment to provide autonomous learn

and cooperate features And this is only possible through the use of agents for a specific task and

then collaborate it into one to develop a reliable and secure environment

Rational and benefits

Smart workspaces assist in the seamless integration of people with computers within a physical

environment Basically furnished with networked computing devices and sensors these rooms are

designed to assist people in pursuit of everyday work goals such as finding information collaboration

with colleagues and so on Smart work spaces are a subject of much research around the world and

a key enabler of smart rooms is the use of context awareness to link pervasive computing devices

with users within their physical environment

In most mobile wearable and ubiquitous computing application knowing the user‟s location

absolutely or relative to other parts of the environment is important for the seamless integration of

people with computing devices within the physical environment thus the work of intelligence comes

into effect

In its ultimate form ubiquitous computing means any computing device while moving with us can

build incrementally dynamic and intelligent models of its various environments and configure its

services accordingly

The major characteristics of this Smart Office is the fusion of RFID technology database

management data mining real-time information visualization and interactive web application

technologies into an operational integrated system deployed in an office The developed system

tracks client or staff attendees analyses the tracking data in real time and provides various services

to the attendees such as a real time snapshot of the daily attendees such as a real time snapshot of

the daily attendees the ability to locate peers and clients in the office centre and the ability to search

for events of unconditional circumstances The results were revealing in terms of both the potential of

the developed technology and the dynamic environment of the office

The various schedulers networked computer systems projectors walls etc would be interacting with

the person and providing and assisting him in his appointments presentations based on the gained

knowledge or learning from the context

Smart Office is a new flexible matching set of services built from the ground up on a fully scalable

business grade network It covers the entire spectrum of modern business services be it from internet

e-mail and security through to PC backup and voice and since it modular you can tailor the precise

solution to meet your needs right now and then grow the solution as and when you need to over time

How ubiquitous computing fit in the scenario

Office is a place where the more efficient the work is done the more the productivity of the company

or organization increases Organization have faced a lot of hurdles to improve the scenarios already

present in the office environments since it would lead to lesser manpower and more efficient work

performance This is always regretted by a worker

But the application of ubiquitous computing would help to evolve the system from that of a boring

cumbersome task to one of the most interesting and fun to work with places

The main application areas of ubiquitous computing which have removed the loopholes in the office

environment are numerous but speaking of the most relevant ones here

In a very general sense the technology facilitate groups of people to gain new forms of social power

ways to organize and coordinate their interactions and exchanges just in time and just in place

Especially the advantages in the area of interface technology will lead to considerable benefits on

user level Today office workers usually work with single user devices which require manual user

input via standardized interfaces With the emergence of ubiquitous computing those explicit and

static interaction paradigms will be enhanced through new input and output concepts like tangible

user interface or ambient displays Sensor-enhanced environments will enable implicit interaction

mechanisms which are unknown in existing work environments with traditional computational

devices By automating routine task and thereby releasing office workers from vacuous work

activities smart office environments bear the potential to increase job satisfaction

On company level the most important benefits gained by the introduction of Ubiquitous Computing

technologies are probably the optimization of existing processes as well as the ability to implement

new and even more efficient business processes The ability of professionals to communicate with

their peers either in the same office or on the other side of the world and to have an infinite world of

information and intelligence to facilitate decision-making will greatly expand with the emergence of

Ubiquitous Computing In addition smart office through which office workers could connect

themselves with an increasing remote and geographically distributed world will significantly contribute

to effective team work Such sensor-enhanced work environments will also enable new ways of

dynamic resource planning and context- adaptor time scheduling based on real-time information from

various digital and non-digital sources While tangible user interfaces provide a variety of direct

benefits for employees such new forms of interaction are likely to increase the efficiency of office

workers and thereby indirectly generate additional financial benefits for companies Intuitive

interaction mechanisms are not only reducing the everyday processing times they also decrease the

initial period of vocational adjustment to new office applications

Current and future manifestation

Current manifestation

There‟s one thing that we all can agree upon we all want safe high quality professional life which

delivers the hard work of ours at timely and efficient manner The employee wants to be treated by

competent and knowledgeable office providers using the best and most cost-effective procedures and

techniques that result in the best possible outcomes for the least cost A normal person who is

working in a multinational company (MNC) spends 10-12 hours of his precious time working hard and

what does he get in return If on a personal note we see this issue then indeed the answer would be

ldquonothingrdquo A balanced life is really very important in our daily life There is no fun in driving a car if your

back hurts or shopping is not enjoyable if your mind is full of tensions just because you have been

constantly working for long stretched hours with a thought of non-security in your professional life A

primary problem with the current working culture of any office is the system‟s failure to make the

continuous improvement of quality and efficiency a top priority It is widely accepted that information

technology is an essential part of the solution There isn‟t any kind of security at the door step of the

office building where anyone can step into it and take the advantage of Besides that you are actually

not sure of the files which is being transferred by you is safe enough There are very small things

which actually enclose many reasons for an unsatisfied person working day night in the MNC just to

make his family and himself happy

Future manifestation

Nowadays computing technology research is focused on the development of smart environments

Following that line of thought server smart office projects has been developed and their appliances

are much diversified The appliances include projects in the context of workplace or everyday living

entertainment play and education Such ldquointelligentrdquo or ldquosmartrdquo environments and systems interact

with human beings in a helpful adaptive and unobtrusive way It is indeed vital to design and make

effective use of physical components such as sensors controllers and smart devices which tracks

each and every at the work place easy and undemanding The moment a person enters in the

building automatically his attendance of that day has been updated and with the help of the

biometrics that individual can enter into the respective cabin and automatically he will be intimated

about the meetings and all in short life doesn‟t remain the same as it used to be working in a normal

office In addition to these organizational benefits everyone is being offered a variety of possibilities

for facilitating business activities with different companies Potential benefits include the support of

communication and awareness in virtual teams as well as of planning and coordinating activities in

cross-company projects or the exchange of real-time data among companies in a supply chain

Recommended prototype

Execution the smart prototype 1 explains the start of the smart office environment where the

employee stands at the office entrance and authenticates himself at the biometric sensor The sensor

or the agent authenticates him if he is office person else denies him the entry in the office The data to

authenticate is fetched from the central database server of the office which contains the information

about each member An entry for the day is also made in the database with the timing and date

Secondly when the person wants to enter his cabin RFID identification authenticates him for the

same When the user indentifies the right person it makes an entry in the database for the same The

office sensors or agents working in the cabin such as those of temperature control brightness level

customize themselves as per the intelligence level This has been feed through the daily context

awareness of the system and personal choices The interactive screen automatically displays the

recent files and presentations which the user had been working

Execution proceeding from the prototype 1 the interactive screen in the office cabin displays

employee official information The screen is just not a simple screen but is highly interactive voice

guided posture guided one The screen is also a personal scheduler which manages all the meetings

of the employee as directed to it The screen keeps the employee alert and informed about the

scheduled meeting prior to it It also manages all the data required in the meeting When meeting time

arrives and employee does schedule meeting prior to it It also manages all the data required in the

meeting When the meeting time arrives and employee does not need to copy the data from the office

cabin to the meeting room the interactive screen itself sends the information the particular meeting in

which the meeting is schedules If the meeting is with any of the clients the data goes to the meeting

room 1 and for the meeting with the project team members to the meeting room 2

The door on the meeting rooms displays the agenda of the meeting and checks in the employees as

they enter When everybody has arrived for the meeting the display on the conference room door

lists the meeting as ldquoin progressrdquo and dims the window to minimize distraction from the busy hallway

outside The embedded systems loads all the files needed for the meeting and as discussions goes it

works in the background fetching the discussion related files from previous files or internet After the

meeting is over it saves the file and sends it to the personal information database of the employee

Execution proceeding from the previous prototype if the meeting is scheduled for the conference

room the way must be an important one So the scheduler alerts the employee in quiet advance The

conference room has the meeting agenda meeting members and the screen has the information

related to the meeting topics The room has the best communication devices and the sensors ranging

from the interactive table to the virtual conference facility The lighting temperature sitting

arrangement predetermined The discussion and file arrangement is done both on the table and the

screen

Final prototype explaining the employee‟s smart working environment and interaction with it

Relation with ubiquitous agents

The era of ubiquitous computing is marking its presence over the traditional pc from which is likely to

get replaced by the former However the use of ubiquitous computing would not have mattered much

if there had not been the concept of agents that showed the simple way to bring out a new era of

technology Agents do exist of different types be it intelligence autonomous proactive reactive

persistent and each of these collaborate with others to form a multi agent systems Obviously the

advantage of multi agent systems is clear in smart systems Let‟s look what are the agents that make

the smart office that has a learning collaborative learning and autonomous features

Agents to be used are described below-

1) Motion tracking agent this agent is responsible for identifying and verifying each person the

office The agent checks if the person entering the office is an employee or staff of the office

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method relying on storing

and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders So the RFID is

a wireless identification This assigns a unique card number for each employeestaff An

employeestaff places the RFID card within 5cm distance from the RFID reader The RFID

reader writes down the time data and type of departurearrival The type of arrivaldeparture

is indicated on LCD display The display also indicates the current time The interface

software which is available with this system is responsible for attendance report in the

customer preferred format Attendance processing (Interface) software can also be integrated

with the payroll software for salary calculation and employee tracking The employee or staff

is then expected to move to his designated cabincounter If the employee or staff moves out

of his cabincounter this agent connects to the connected client agent (to be followed later) to

display that the employeestaff is offline The environment that exists is dynamic Such an

agent is of autonomous type as this regularly tracks the position of the respected person

2) Cabin manager agent while motional agent tracks employeestaff position wrt office centre

the cabin manager agent is responsible for allowing employeestaff to their designated

countercabin Here a biometric device is used to authenticate the person and on verification

the person gets access to the resources or the agents deployed in hisher cabin The

biometric device used is Hand Palm vein where the person gets his resources ready to be

activated and taken control The agent regards the person as the manager of the room Such

agent is of type Proactive

3) Electrical and information technology agent as soon as the person gets recognized by the

cabin manager agent the person is allowed to enter the cabin All electrical and

computational devices and appliances take to soothe the environment as set by the person to

the agent Examples include such as setting the temperature of the cabin according to the

weather of the day computational devices and appliances take no time to soothe the

environment as set by the person to the agent Examples include such as setting the

temperature of the cabin according to the weather of the day computational devices showing

time left in number of seconds or even scheduling the hardwaresoftware configuration of the

agents Such an agent is of type intelligence

4) Routine ant task agent after the motion tracking agent had done its job it‟s time for this agent

to take place As soon as an employeestaff takes seat in the cabincounter of the office

heshe is informed of the appointments that he had to do and the task to be performed in this

and the coming days Any specialemergency notice information is displayed as very

important The tasks to be performed are shown in terms of time and resources available

along with various options of solutions to complete it After the end of the day the pay is

calculated by the agent based on the work done Such an agent is of type intelligence It can

also be said to be an interface agent as it must has both autonomous and learning features

5) Communication agent this agent connects offices spread through multiple location and

creates a network The head of the smart office can monitor and examine what employees of

other department in this office as well as offices located at multiple locations are working For

communication among heads of different offices a request has to be made and so

communication will take place if the request has been accepted Such an agent is of type

social The environment that exists is dynamic

6) Maintenance agent this agent is responsible for performing tasks related to the maintenance

of office infrastructure and equipments When a defect has been detected by the agent it will

alert the respective employees staff informing the resources required to correct that Suchan

agent is of type intelligence The environment that exists is deterministic

7) Client agent this agent is responsible for performing one of the most important tasks of the

office Unlike traditional offices where clients have to come to get their job done the smart

office provides a special way of connecting to clients to get their work done Clients don‟t

need to come to office Instead they can contact the employees of the office through the use

of client agent over internet Clients can get the appointment booked with employees and put

forward their problemstasks The employees on the other hand can give solutions on the

basis of the best possible choices available the agent informs the client that the person is

offline Such an agent is a combination of type adaptive and reactive ie a heterogeneous

agent The environment that prevails is continuous

Importance of security and ethics

The past few years witnessed the emergence of Ubiquitous Computing systems as the most

promising technology to take advantage of the portable and embedded devices This concise glance

into the morning routine of an office going reveals just a few aspects of daily life that can be enhanced

by technologies which do not look much different from those with which are already familiar in the

desktop computing world However there are many technologies which are being used but they are

invisible operating in the background of the environment providing essential safety and

communication support to individuals in day to day work and which in results makes the work more

easy and convenient The possible effects of Anything Anytime Anywhere computing on the

productivity of an important part of the work force known as knowledge workers are a significant area

of speculation and a subject of worth explanation Security and Ethics in Ubiquitous Computing is a

field of study that is concerned with privacy of the user and with distinguishing right from wrong and

good from bad It analyzes the morality of human behaviours policies laws and social structures A

significant exception to this is found in the area of awareness where a complete integrated network

of sensors is built into the office or we can say edifice to create a ldquoSMART OFFICErdquo environment

controlled centrally and usually focused upon the office‟s a smart one or those undergoing major

remodelling building in the elements required for a smart office is done quite effectively with wiring

added prior to completion of walls requires the use of RF (Radio Frequency) technologies which

have advanced dramatically in the past decades as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in the

contribution of the researches in the Ubiquitous Computing The technology which makes the office a

smart one is the use of Biometrics devices It is used in security and access control applications to

mean measurable physical characteristics of a person that can be checked on an automated basis

RF Identification

Automated identification technologies like RFID have valuable uses especially in connection with the

ongoing works in office RFID particularly useful where it can be embedded within an object such as

any important documentary of the office or any files of the same RFID tags communicate information

by radio wave through antennae on small computer chips attached to objects so that such objects

may be identified located and tracked The fundamental architecture of RFID technology involves a

tag a reader (or scanning device) and a database which stores the information

A portable RFID can be pointed-into offices or wherever files are located and when the RFID reader

detects the missing file the RFID reader will beep to alert staff that the file has been found This

allows staff to find missing files in minutes Portable RFID Readers include a drop-down list of office

locations so that files in circulation can be periodically inventoried to identify files that have been

transferred from person to place or place to place In office the use of RFID is intended to achieve a

number of different goals Facilities managers use identification to control access to sensitive

infrastructures that may be damaged or used to harm any individual They use to control access to

facilitate where sensitive information about other important files or documents may be kept

People entering the office

The major use of RFID in this part is that the moment the people enters the office with the help Radio

Frequency Identification automatically every individual‟s attendance of that particular day has been

updated because of which it can be easily judged who among those passerby are not related to the

office or isn‟t the workers of the office Some of the benefits of using are listed below

Ensure that only authorized readers can read the tags and that only authorized

personnel have access to the readers

Maintain the integrity of the data on the chip and stored in the database

Ensure that the critical data is fully available when necessary

Avoid electronic collisions when multiple tags and or readers are present

RFID cameras on doors of every office

The use of Radio Frequency Identification at every door office makes the work of identifying any

person who is not related to the office much more easy With the help of having RFID cameras at

every door of the office the personnel sitting at the CCTV camera can easily make out who is the odd

one out of the working professionals

Use of RFID in detecting documents

It takes some time to check a traditional identification document The process typically includes

handling the document to a verifier who much review the information on the card and authorize the

bearer to pass record the bearer‟s passing or if appropriate detain the bearer The verifier must

also compare the identifiers on the card with the bearer to ensure that the bearer is the person

identified by the card The use of RFID could dispense with one of these steps by elimination the

hand-over of the card The other two steps are not affected by RFID The verifier must still review

authorizing information and compare the identifiers on the card with the bearer

Along with that encryptions allow information to be encoded in such a way that it is hidden from

casual view and any attempt at alteration of forgery can be reliably detected Communication

information from an identification card via RFID allows encryption to be used suppressing potential

attacks on the integrity of the identification system through forgery and alteration

Biometrics

Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person base on physiological or

behavioural characteristics Among the features measured are face fingerprints hand

geometry handwriting iris retinal vein and voice Biometric technologies are becoming the

foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification

solutions As the level of security breaches and transaction fraud increases the need for

highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is becoming apparent

In office biometric-based solutions are able to provide for confidential financial transactions

and personal data privacy Biometric-based authentication applications include workstation

network and domain access single sign-on application logon data protection remote

access to resources transaction security and web security

Use of biometrics in office for time attendance

access control

In many of the offices there is vast use of palm-vein recognition for the security point of view The

moment an individual puts the palm on the system the system relies on an infrared image of the palm

of a user‟s hand It reveals the pattern of veins present under the skin and form this algorithm can

confirm identity of the user It takes into account identifying features such as the number of veins

their position and the points at which they cross and offers a higher level of security than competing

technologies including voice print facial recognition fingerprint recognition and iris scan so only the

person related to office building can renter to the restricted areas because he or she has to pass

through the palm-vein recognition

Interaction with ubiquitous environment

With the amount of information technology constantly increasing and getting more and more ambient

future work environments are supposed to be intelligent adaptive intuitive and interactive Such

smart office environments will enable office workers to communicate collaborate and work in new and

more efficient ways The theoretical advantages range from increased work productivity through time-

saving operations to higher work satisfaction through attentive and reactive environments In the

context of knowledge-based enterprises the usage of Ambient Intelligence technologies can lead to

considerable benefits in a variety of areas and on different organizational levels

Proposed office environment

Here a scenario is presented integrating the major components of intelligence and meaning in an

office environment making it a smart one

It‟s the beginning of the day and x has a major presentation to work on for a sales call Two weeks

ago when the meeting was set up she instructed her calendar to schedule two additional meetings

with her team to prepare for the presentation The calendar here depicts an example of media

management and handling It is about time for the second meeting and checks off attendees as ther

enter The concepts of natural integration and sensor technology are working in a duo The giant

ldquowork boardrdquo on one wall of the room has preloaded all the documents related to the presentation and

is waiting for input When everybody has arrived for the meeting the display on the conference room

door lists the meeting as ldquoin progressrdquo and dims the window to minimize distraction from the busy

hallway outside applying the component of computational intelligence The team reviews the

presentation X spots a section that flows poorly after discussing it with the team she calls the work

board and tells it to move the section on product features to just before the section on optional

services using the ubiquitous communication features The meeting covers several additional topics

and then disbands The embedded system in the work board automatically saves the updated files as

the attendees exit the room

On the way back to her desk x stops by her friend y‟s desk to ask him a question The natural

interaction component senses her approach y‟s computer works in the background to load

documents that the two of them have worked in the past weeks should any of them be required X is

greeted by y which is going for a meeting of his own ldquoWe need input on pricing for this servicerdquo says

y ldquocan you join usrdquo x can spare some time so she elects to participate in the meeting When x

enters the conference room her calendar automatically updates to include the new meeting depicting

the concepts of adaptive software and context awareness After y introduces the topic x says ldquomy

team came up with a template to determine pricing for a slightly different services Maybe we can use

it as a starting pointrdquo X approaches the work board and a list of her public files appears The files are

sorted in alphabetical order with the files whose contents are related to the topic of the meeting

highlighted as per the adaptive software concept x touches the template file and the document

opens After some discussions the template is modified and is ready for testing Meeting attendees

and processes with the final price displayed Here the component of computational intelligence

works After everyone is satisfied with the revised template the meeting ends After the meeting x

goes to check her video mail As she approaches a nearby public communications portal the screen

shows the four new video mails waiting for her One video mail is from a longstanding client She

touches the message and watches as the client by recounts a story of superior service received from

team headed by x X tells the video mail system to add the message to her file on the topic and

records a thank-you message to the client The sensor technology and embedded systems performs

this task

Issues faced

One of the problems is security and privacy threat According to the statistics there is a continuous

increase in the number of reported incidents of computer security breaches and vulnerabilities These

incidents are mainly reported in case of access to restricted regions and areas Moreover sometimes

the problem of authorization also occurs in office environment where sometimes unwontedly the

wrong data is been misplaced by the right data The mobility of device is also highly affected by this

problem of authentication as with the increase in mobility the security vulnerability of devices also

increases Another issue is of ethics Computer ethics refers to the ways in which ethical traditions

and norms are tested applied stretched negotiated and broken in the realm of computer

technology Another issue faced was that of agents interactivity and selection in the ubiquitous smart

office environment The interactivity and interoperability of various devices is an area of extreme

importance The data to be processed and interpreted properly needs to be communicated in the

correct form by interactive devices that assist each other in fulfilling the demands of the overall

communicative and easy to feel environment Though there are a number of issues faced in getting

agents implemented in the smart office scenario the issues related to ldquointelligence and meaning in

ubiquitous computingrdquo and ldquosecurity and ethics in ubiquitous computingrdquo too had a number of

challenges in the ubiquitous computing environment It‟s time to take a look at these two challenges

with respect to issues that encountered in smart office

There are a number of issues faced by agents to get implemented in smart office

Issues like how they individually perform their tasks do exist Even after performing tasks

there are issues that need to be solved to get them work in collaboration

Problems existed what hardware and software configuration would provide compatibility

features in the smart office environment

Budget is one of the main issues faced for implementation of these agents and mobility or

scalability follows these down the list

Issues in terms of ldquointelligence and meaning of ubiquitous computingrdquo and ldquosecurity and ethics in

ubiquitous computingrdquo are stated below-

1) Ubiquitous computing is quite an emerging computational technology and its scope is set to

be the 3rd

wave of computing now-a-days While there has been a debate behind the power of

ubiquitous computing like whether there is any intelligence or meaning associated with it The

biggest problems were in terms of research gap that laid the mystery behind it

2) Security is one of the main reasons to consider for any computational appliance And

ubiquitous computing which is set to provide anytime and anywhere service the risk of data

theft and ethical policies too stand at a critical stage The set of ethical guidelines to be

considered needs to be highlighted

new learningrsquos to improve

With the amount of information technology constantly increasing and getting more and more ambient

future work environments are supposed to be intelligent adaptive intuitive and interactive Such

office environments will enable office workers to communicate collaborative and work in new and

more efficient ways Introducing Ubiquitous Environment in office dealt from increased work

productivity through time-saving operations to higher work satisfaction through attentive and reactive

environments Studying more about Ubiquitous Agents we came to know that there are many types

of agents as of that intelligent Autonomous active proactive and many more When we work with

multiple agents then there are three types cooperative social and adaptive While working on the

issues faced learnt about some facts about collaborative agents which is as follows

Cooperate + learn= collaborative learning agent

Learn + autonomous= interface

Cooperate + autonomous= collaborative

This theory gave us a relief from the issues which we faced as far as compatibility issues

were concerned In addition smart environments through which office workers could connect

themselves with an increasingly remote and geographically distributed world will significantly

contribute to the effective team work Such sensor-enhanced work environments will also enable new

ways of dynamic resources planning and context-adapted time scheduling based on real-time

information from various digital and non-digital sources

References

Weiser Mark (1991) bdquoThe Computer for the 21st Century‟ Retrieved 2010-07-07

Weiser Gold Brown (1999-05-11) ldquoUbiquitous computingrdquo Retrieved 2010-08-07

Schemer BW software agents surveillance and the right to privacy A legislative framework for

agent-enabled surveillance Leiden University Press 2007 p140

MWooldridge and NR Jennings ldquoIntelligent agents theory and practicerdquo Knowledge Eng Rev

vol10 (2) pp 115-152 1995

W09 ndash CASEMANS The 4th ACM International Workshop on Context-Awareness for Self Managing

Systems

httpwwwubicomporgworkshopW9[Accessed 020910 at 233PM]

Poslad Stefan (2009) Ubiquitous Computing Smart Devices Smart Environment and Smart

Interaction Wiley Nwana HS 1996 Software Agents An Overview Knowledge Engineering

Review Vol 11 No3 205-244 Cambridge University Press

Weiser Mark (1996-03-17) ldquoUbiquitous computingrdquo Retrieved 2010-09-09

ldquoMIT Media Lab ndash Things That Think Consortiumrdquo MIT Retrieved 2010-09-09

Weiss RJason (2002) Ubiquitous Computing Retrieved on 20092010 from

httpwwwsioporgtipbackissuesTIPApr02pdf394_044to052pdf

Rocker Carsten (2009) Toward Smart Office Environments ndash Benefits and Drawbacks of Using

Ambient Intelligence technologies in Knowledge- Based Enterprises Retrieved on 20092010 from

wwwhumtecrwth-aachendefilesebmm_roecker_with_referencepdf