Smart Grid & Integration of Renewable Energy Resources
Smart Grid&
Integration of
Renewable Energy Resources
The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware, management and reporting software, built atop an intelligent communications infrastructure.
In the world of the Smart Grid, consumers and utility companies alike have tools to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues.
The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes a two-way conversation, saving consumers money, energy, delivering more transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing carbon emissions.
What is Smart Grid ?
Modernization of the electricity delivery system so that it monitors, protects and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements – from the central and distributed generator through the high-voltage network and distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances and other household devices.
The Smart Grid in large, sits at the intersection of Energy, IT and Telecommunication Technologies.
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What is Smart Grid ?
Pillars of Smart Grid
Transmission Optimization
Demand Side Management
Distribution Optimization
Asset Optimization
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Need for development of Smart Grid having
features like-
Phasor Measurement Technique
Wide Area Measurement (WAM)
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
Adoptive Islanding
Self healing Grids
Probabilistic and Dynamic Stability Assessment
Distributed and autonomous Control6
Technology Integration & Grid Management
Time synchronized sub-second data
Dynamic behavior observing
Directly provides the phase angles
(State Estimation to State Measurement)
Improve post disturbance assessment
High data rates and low latency due to
computation
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Benefits of PMU
LD&C_SCADA
Network modelState Estimator
SCADA Telemetry
V KV
P MW
Q MVAR
Hz Hz
~
Open
Close
Close
Close
SCADA Telemetr
y
Several Seconds to a Minute
milli secs
to sec STATE
MEASUREMENT
STATE ESTIMATIO
N
• Traditionally developed for accommodating old information technology regime (Slow communication, data without time stamp)
• Made possible for all round development in technologies
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SCADA Vs PMU
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Overview of Smart Grid
Transmission
Distribution
System Operations
•Advance Metering
Infrastructures
•Asset Management etc.
•Asset Management
•HVDC and UHVAC etc.
•Self Healing Grids
•WAMS
•Adaptive Islanding etc.
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Smart Grid in Power Sector
Smart Grid
in
Distribution
Smart Grid in Distribution
Distribution Automization
Demand Optimaization - Selective Load Control
Operation –Islanding of Micro-grids
Distribution Automization/Optimization
Managing Distribution Network Model
Outage management and AMI Integration
DMS & Advanced Switching Applications
Integrated Voltage / VAR Control
Demand Optimization
Demand Response – Utility
Demand Response – Consumer
Demand Response Management System
In Home Technology enabling
Demand Optimization Smart Metering –
Automatic, Time of Use, Consumer Communication & Load Control
Communications : Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) – LAN, WAN, HAN
DRMS (Demand Response Management)
In Home enabling technology– Demand in three category:
• Immediate, Deferrable, Storable– Customer aggregation & De-aggregation required for
Peak shifting
Demand Optimization: Advanced Web Portal
Energy Usage Information
Utility Communication
Consumer Enrollment in DR programs
In Home Technology- Availability & Purchase ,
Device Provisioning
Control Center with Service Oriented Architecture (BUS)
Having – GIS (geo-spatial Information Systems), – AMI, – SAP (ERP), – OMS (Outage management System), – DMS (Distribution Management System), – EMS (Energy Management System), – DRMS (Demand Response management System).
Model manager synchronizes GIS data with OMS, DMS & EMS.
Expectation of Technology & Solution Partners
To associate and collaborate with Smart Grid players in other parts of globe
Develop local expertise to manufacture and provide support services
Development of CIM
Application Development in India Power Sector Context.
Why Smart Grid?
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables better energy management.
Proactive management of electrical network during emergency situations.
Better demand supply / demand response management.
Better power quality Reduce carbon emissions. Increasing demand for energy : requires more
complex and critical solution with better energy management
Drivers of Smart Grid
Increasing demand: High Aggregate Technical & Non Technical, Losses:18%-
62% Ageing assets…transformers, feeders etc., Grid to carry more power: Need for, Reliability and greater
Security Billing and collections: Profitability of distribution
companies Energy mix: Need for Renewable to reduce carbon footprint
Implementation leads to …..
Deliver sustainable energy Increased efficiency Empower consumers Improve reliability Smart Grid
New Technologies for…..
Energy Storage to support a Resilient Smart Grid (Comparing & evaluating cost competitiveness of:
Compressed air, pumped hydro, ultra capacitors, flywheels, battery tech, fuel cells.)
Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle Integration(How can electric Vehicle optimize the use of renewable energy resources, improve efficiency)
Wind Generation Potential in
INDIA
Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 6.4 m/s
Wind Speed: 7.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s
Wind Speed: 8.0m/s
The wind power potential on a national level, base data collected from 10 states considering only 1% of land availability, is around 46,092 MW.
Wind Power Potential
Estimated Wind Power Potential India
State Gross Potential (MW)
Andhra Pradesh 9063
Gujrat 7362
Karnatka 7161
Kerala 1026
Madhya Pradesh 4978
Maharashtra 4519
Orissa 1520
Rajasthan 6672
Tamil nadu 4159
West Bengal 32
Total 46092
Map showing the solar radiation across India
Solar Power Potential
If tropical India were to convert just 1% of the 5,000 trillion kilowatt-hour of solar radiation (or, simply, sunlight) it receives a year into energy, the country will have enough to meet its energy needs.
In most parts of India, clear sunny weather is experienced 250 to 300 days a year. The annual global radiation varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/sq.m. The equivalent energy potential is about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year.
The highest annual global radiation is received in Rajasthan and northern Gujarat.
Challenges Faced by Smart Grid
Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
Most renewable resources are intermittent and can not be relied on (in its present form)for secure energy supply
Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters.
Grid Operation : Monitoring & control
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POWERGRID’s Initiative towards Smart Grid
Pilot Project in Northern Region
Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAM) for Western Region
NR Pilot ProjectPMUs (Phasor Measurement Units ) with GPS system to
be installed at four substations of Northern Region and PDC
at NRLDC, Delhi.
(PMU Locations: Moga- 400 KV, Kanpur- 400 KV S/s,
Vindhyachal- HVDC, Dadri- HVDC )
To use Phasor Measurements data for better situational awareness and technology evaluation using minimal hardware & software
Use of existing fibre communication link
Project implementation plan: 4 Month from date of award
Status of Project
The Project is awarded to M/s SEL on
11/01/10
The completion is likely by May’2010
Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using
Wide Area Measurements (WAMs) for Western Region
Intelligent Monitoring & Control of WR Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAMs)
The Project is approved by CSIR & Funded by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) under New Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI)
Along with POWERGRID other members of the consortium are:-– TCS-Leader– IIT Mumbai– Tata Power Company Limited (Tata Power)
Wide Area Measurements (WAM) Project Highlights
Project Duration – 3 Years– Implementation Completion 2 Years and
testing in last one year.
Integration of Renewables Net Zero – Energy / Water / Waste Green Community – Self Sufficient & Reliant Judicial Mix of various Technologies and Options for
different use– Use or Supply– Draw or Store– Storage Options
Type of Use– Heating /Cooling– Illumination / Ventilation– Machine Operations– Appliance Powering ( Computers / Printers / Copiers /
Faxes)– Domestic Appliances
Integration of Renewables Chioce of Current
– AC or Dc– AC – DC– DC – AC– DC – DC
Switches and Disconnectors Availability of Domestic DC Appliances - Power
Packs Connectivity to Grid – Size of Plant, Distance to
Consumers Control Strategy and Methodology – availability
of softwares