Smart grid devices AMI LTC Voltage Regulator Cap Bank RTU Xfmr Sensors Relays & IEDs Integrated Network Manager Operations EMS/DMS/DA Utility Enterprise.

Smartgrid

devices AMI

LTC

Voltage Regulator

Cap Bank

RTU

Xfmr Sensors

Relays & IEDs

Integrated Network Manager

OperationsEMS/DMS/DAUtility

Enterprise

Business Applications

GIS, Asset Mgmt.

i BOX

e

Serial

Mini-Grid Communications

Infrastructure

Smart Grid Equipment Monitoring

Today’s Grid Before

One-way limited communication

One-way power flow

No electric vehicles

Centralized generation

Limited reactive power control

Few sensors and analog control

Little to no consumer choice

Reactive maintenance

Limited demand management

Limited T&D automation

Tomorrow's Grid Bi-directional communication

and metering

Bi-directional power flow

Millions of electric vehicles

Distribution automation

Intelligent reactive power control

Pervasive monitoring and digital control

Increased distributed generation

More consumer choices

Condition-based maintenance

Proliferation of demand management

Power

After

Information

Defining The Smart Grid

Source: EPRI® Intelligrid

Smart Grid- The integration and application of real-time monitoring, advanced sensing, communication, analytics and control enabling the dynamic flow of both energy and information to accommodate existing and new forms of supply, delivery, maintenance and use in a secure, reliable and efficient electric power system from generation to end-user.

The integration of two infrastructures… securely…

ElectricalInfrastructure

Information Infrastructure

Asset Management Grid Control Data Collection & Local Control

SensorsCommunications

Strategic Focus … Enabling the ‘Smart Grid’

Objective: Maximize Customer Return on Assets and Operating EfficiencyExecute by Delivering the Smart Grid …

And Critical T&D Network Equipment

Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits*

Relative potential financial benefits …

However, your mileage may vary.

OperationalEfficiencyEnvironmentalImpact

Energy Efficiency

CustomerSatisfaction

*Model developed based on a study conducted with 31 global Utilities

Smart Grid Potential Savings by Benefit Category

Average Annual Benefits to Utility (100K Customer Basis)

8

ARRA(Stimulus) Spending Overview

Electricity Reliability &

Energy Delivery, $4.500

Chief Financial Officer, $6.000 Power Marketing Administrations,

$3.300

Office of Science, $1.600

Advanced Research Projects

Agency, $0.400

Education$53

Health Care$59 Protection

$81

Infrastructure $111

State & Local Relief

$144Energy $36

Tax Relief$288

Office of Fossil Energy , $3.400

Energy Efficiency and Renewables,

$16.800

Energy Efficiency $16.8

Energy Delivery & Reliability $4.5

Loan Guarantees (Renewables) $6.0

Power Marketing Admin $3.3

Fossil Energy $3.4

R&D $2.0

$4.5B Allocated for Smart Grid Technology

Requirements for a Smart Grid

Self-Healing to correct problems early (DA)

Interactive with consumers and markets (AMI)

Optimized to make best use of resources

Predictive to prevent emergencies (CBM)

Distributed assets and information

Integrated to merge all critical information

More Secure from threats from all hazards (NERC)

Source: EPRI® Intelligrid

10

SCADA

ControlsSwitchgearVoltage Regs

EMS

PROTECTION

ASSET MGMTDEREGULATED PARTNERS

RelaysMeters Equipment MonitoringTransformers, Breakers

PowerQuality

LOCAL HMI

From …

ControlsSwitchgearVoltage Regs

Meters Relays Equipment MonitoringTransformers, Breakers

PowerQuality

LOCAL HMI

DEREGULATED PARTNERS

PROTECTIONSCADA EMS

ASSET MGMT

To …

Substation Automation

IED (Controls and Relays) integration increases productivity: • Connects stranded islands of information with universal protocol translation• Centralizes access to all devices for security and efficiency• Eliminates redundant communication infrastructure

IED (Controls and Relays) integration increases productivity: • Connects stranded islands of information with universal protocol translation• Centralizes access to all devices for security and efficiency• Eliminates redundant communication infrastructure

Reactive Proactive Diagnostic/Analytic

Reactive MaintenanceService assets as needed

Preventive Maintenance

Condition Based Maintenance

Maintenance at a specific frequency

Maintain when a potential failure is identified

1980’s 1990’s 21st Century

Calendar based MaintenanceMaintenance at a fixed frequency

Evolution of Asset Maintenance

DegradationFailures

Equipment Failure Timing• Initial failures (installation problems, infant

mortality of installed components).• Degradation over time (temperature, corrosion,

dirt, surge)

Time

LikelihoodOf

Failure

Initial Failures

Area under hatch marks represents

the total likelihood of a failure

2.33 hrs/yr(average)

EarlyDegradation

Failures

Equipment Failure Timing• Poor maintenance reduces equipment life since

failures due to degradation come prematurely soon. IEEE says add 10% to likelihood of downtime.

Time

LikelihoodOf

Failure

Initial Failures Likelihood of failure is

higher because postponed maintenance increases problems due

to corrosion, misalignment, etc, that

would be picked up in a PM program

2.59 hrs/yr(average)

Equipment Outages Hours/YearMV Transformers Win! (Lose?)

02468

10121416

MV

Sw

MV

Ca

ble

MV

Xfr

m

LV

Ca

ble

MV

Bu

s

MV

Bre

ak

ers

Pro

t.R

ela

ys

Outage Costs per Hour

Wireless Communications $41,000Event Ticket sales $72,000Airline reservations $90,000Data Center $336,000Merchant Power Plant 100 MW $410,000Semiconductor manufacturer $2,000,000Credit Card Processing Center $2,580,000Investment Trading Operation $6,480,000

CBM: An Open and Scalable Environment

Real-time RuleAssessment

Alert NotificationsEvent TriggeringMaintenance or

Work Order Generation

Asset Reliability

Integrated AssetInformation Dashboard

Asset InformationStructure

Improve Reliability and Quality

Where to Start

Equipment Monitoring IEDs

Transformer Monitor

Dissolved Gas Monitor

Relays, Meters & Controls

Breaker Monitor Bushing Monitor

IED Communication

Substation LAN

Cap BankTransformer

S

Voltage Regulator

VRC

Gateways

Router

DFR

Carrier Network

Line Switch

RELAY

Feeder Breaker

Switches

SCADA/SMS

Fiber, Wireless, Leased

CBC

Switches

Distribution Automation Network Technologies Overview

Carrier Edge NetworkCore NetworkCarrier

Edge Network

Wireless Mesh, Peer2Peer, Point2MultiPt

CommercialCDMA, GSM, WiMax

Switch

Router

PLC

Distribution Feeder (14k devices)

Recloser

VR

Regulator

S

Sensor

DSDR Substation (300+)

Transformer

PR

Feeder Breaker

S

Voltage Regulator

VRC

Gateway

DMS

VMSDSCADA

Engineering

EMS

ICCP

FMS

DCC

DSM/AMI

PLC

Cap Bank

Fiber, Wireless, MPLS

Cap Bank

Critical Asset CBM

Recent CBM Project

Circuit Breaker Life Curves

Circuit Breaker Wear

Application Issues

Variations in Circuit Breaker & Interrupter Design

CT Saturation; Relay filtering & sampling

Arcing time versus circuit breaker mechanism operation & 52a/b contact

Variations in arc resistance during fault clearing

Transformer Monitoring

Transformer Failure Rate DataTransformer Failure Causes

IEEE C57.91Loading Guide for Oil Filled Transformers

Transformer loading capability is limited primarilyby winding temperature; because it is not uniformthe hottest spot of the winding is the limiting factor.Transformers utilize cellulose insulation systemsthat have a hot spot temperature rating of 110degrees C. The IEEE Loading Guide provides detailed calculation methods to determine transformerlife for specific user situations.

Transformer Temperature Monitor

Microprocessor based system cancalculate winding temperature fromIEEE formulas utilizing top oil temperature, a CT input & transformerdata from factory test or estimates.

Monitor Installation & Graphic Display

Transformer Temperature Measurement

Transformer Monitor as Annunciator

DGA Monitor

DGA Example

Bushing Monitor

Bushing Monitor Installation

Food for Thought