Smart Grid – An Energizing Opportunity March 30, 2011 MTA Conference Mark J. Mrla, P.E. & Dean L. Mischke, P.E. Finley Engineering Company, Inc. 1
Jan 15, 2016
Smart Grid – An Energizing
Opportunity
March 30, 2011 MTA Conference
Mark J. Mrla, P.E.&
Dean L. Mischke, P.E.Finley Engineering Company, Inc.
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Agenda
What is a Smart Grid Driving Factors Terms Home Networks Utility Company Options How Do We Serve The Power Industry
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"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."--Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
"Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons." --Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science, 1949
"Who in their right mind would ever need more than 640k of ram!?"-- Bill Gates, 1981
"But what ... is it good for?" --Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip.
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What is a Smart Grid
What Smart Grid is not!– It is not just smart meters– It is not just green energy– It is not just time-of-use rate structure– It is not just HVAC shedding in the summer– It is not just distribution automation
systems
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What is a Smart Grid
What Smart Grid is!– A smart grid applies technologies, tools and techniques
available now to bring knowledge to power – knowledge capable of making the grid work far more efficiently, reliably...
– Ensuring its reliability to degrees never before possible– Maintaining its affordability– Reinforcing our global competitiveness– Fully accommodating renewable and traditional energy sources– Potentially reducing our carbon footprint– Introducing advancements and efficiencies yet to be envisioned
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According to William Parks from the DOE, a Smart Grid would:
•Accommodate all types of central and distributed electric generation and storage.
•Provide for power quality for a range of needs by all types of consumers.•Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency of the electric power system.•Anticipate and respond to system disturbances.•Operate resiliently to attacks and natural disasters
•Enable informed participation by consumers in retail and wholesale electricity markets.•Enable new products, services, and markets.
STATEMENT OF WILLIAM PARKS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT AND HAWAII LIAISON FOR ELECTRICITY DELIVERY AND ENERGY RELIABILITYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYBEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONSUNITED STATES SENATE. AUGUST 24, 2009
What is a Smart Grid
Generation
Delivery
Consumer
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystem
Power Generation
Meters – Residential, Commercial, Industrial
Coal, Nuclear, Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal, Tidal, Natural Gas, etc.
(1) Generation
(2) Delivery
(3) Consumer
Smart Grid Impacts
Economics
Reliability
Environmental
Consumer Involvement
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TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystem
Power Production
Coal, Nuclear, Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal, Tidal, Natural Gas, etc.
Generation
Delivery
Consumer
ImpactsEconomicsReliability
EnvironmentalConsumer Involvement
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Gasoline, Diesel, Ethanol, Propane, Electric, Solar, etc.
Automobile & Electric Power System – Similar Evolutions
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Think About Computers Involved with:Automobile Engines
Emissions SystemsPower Control SystemsTemperature Control SystemsPressure Control SystemsFuel Efficiency Systems
Electric Power Plants
Emissions SystemsPower Control SystemsTemperature Control SystemsPressure Control SystemsFuel Efficiency Systems
Transmission / Drivetrain Transmission / Distribution
Gearbox SystemsTraction Control SystemsAntilock Breaking SystemsRide Control SystemsFuel Efficiency Systems
Ground Fault SystemsBreaker Reclosing SystemsReactive Power Control SystemsFrequency Control SystemsVoltage Control Systems
Driver Info & Involvement Consumer Info & Involvement
Fuel Efficiency FeedbackTire Pressure FeedbackTraction ControlAntilock Breaking System
Time of Day Power UsageAppliance / Load Control SystemsTime of Use Electric Rate StructureFeedback on Outage Time Estimates
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Generation Driving Factors
Time
Peak Power Shaving
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Generation Driving Factors
Prohibitive Cost to Build – $2.3B for Oak Creek New Steam Unit
Environmental Permitting – Tied up in courts (NIMBY) Even “Green” systems are not immune
Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Regulations Mandated Green Energy Creates problems
May not be available when needed Does not eliminate Spinning Reserves
Power Generation
Coal, Nuclear, Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal, Tidal, Natural Gas, etc.
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Transmission Driving Factors
Prohibitive Cost to Build $3M/mile - Madison to La
Crosse $7M/mile for 6 miles in
Kenosha County Green Power exists in low
population areas Environmental Permitting –
Tied up in courts (NIMBY) Superior to Wausau
http://www.ilbinc.com/Services/OverheadTransmission.aspx
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Distribution Driving Factors
Lack of Monitoring Power Companies do not
find out a local branch is down until someone complains
The local distribution network covers a very large geographical area
Old Equipment
http://craigsland.com/Plot.aspx?plotID=32
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Consumer Driving Factors
Power Company Viewpoint: Lack of Monitoring
Power Companies do not find out a customer is down until someone complains
Unable to detect quality issues until something is damaged
Desire to find ways to encourage consumers to shift loads to off-peak
Consumer Viewpoint: Want to manage cost Make changes remotely
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Reliability – A Central Focus
Outage Management System (OMS)
Meter Data Management System
(MDMS)Distribution Systems
Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Customer Information System
(CIS)
Interactive Voice Response System
(IVR)
Transmission Systems
Generation Systems
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Reliability – A Central Focus
Outage Management System (OMS)
Meter Data Management System
(MDMS)Distribution Systems
Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Customer Information System
(CIS)
Interactive Voice Response System
(IVR)
Transmission Systems
Generation Systems
Possible Data Communications
Opportunities
Some Consumer-End Smart Grid Terms
PCT (programmable communicating thermostats)
IHD (in-home display)
LCM (load control module)
HAN (home area network)
PLC/BPL/DLC (power line carrier, broadband over power line, distribution line carrier)
AMI (advanced metering infrastructure)
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Home Automation Standards Examples
ZigBee– 2.4GHz Wireless Mesh– Based on IEEE 802.15.4 (wireless communications used in
home, building and industrial controls) Z-Wave 900 MHz Wireless Mesh
– 160 Manufacturers– Proprietary– Low Power
HomePlug Command and Control– Based on IEEE 1901 Broadband over Power Line Networks– 1901.2 for Home Networks for Smart Grid operates in the 500
kHz range and has a throughput of 500 kbps– Operates on lines with voltages up to 1000 V at ranges up to
several kilometers
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Consumer Communications Example
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ZigBee Specification - Suite of high level communication protocols
• Low cost
• Low power
• 2-way communications
• Used typically for homes, buildings, controls/sensors
• Range of 50 meters, but varies greatly
• Based around IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standards
Consumer Communications Examples
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Home Area Network• ZigBee• Wi-Fi (802.11)
RF (towers, wireless mesh,....)Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)PLC / BPL / DLC
With a smart meter
present
Utility Office
HAN Communications Example
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Home Area Network (HAN)• ZigBee• Wi-Fi (802.11)
RF (towers, wireless mesh,....)Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)PLC / BPL / DLC
Smart Meter
ThermostatIHD
LCM
Home Device
With a smart meter
present
Utility Office
Thermostats and In-Home Displays
Examples of vendors/products on the market:
– ICM Controls (SimpleComfort)
– Honeywell (Prestige HD Thermostats)
– HAI – Home Automation, Inc. (Omnistat2)
– Tendril (Set Point)
– ecobee (ecobee Smart Thermostat)
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AMI / Smart Meter System Suppliers
Examples of vendors with systems on the market:
− Elster - GE
− Sensus - Echelon
− ITRON - Silver Spring Networks
− Landis+Gyr
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Utility Communications Examples
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Home Area Network
Paging Network
Cell Phone Network
Internet
Thermostat / IHD
LCM
Home Device
Without a smart meter
present
Utility Office
Utility Communications Examples
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Home Area Network
RF/Wireless (towers, mesh network,....)
Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)
PLC / BPL / DLC
SmartMeter
Thermostat / IHD
LCM
Home Device
With a smart meter
present
Utility Office
Communications Infrastructure
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Utility New Investment
RF/Wireless (towers, mesh networks,....)
PLC / BPL / DLC
Fiber
Telecom Existing Investment
Fiber, Copper, WirelessUtility Office
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What are Power Utilities Looking for in a Data Network?
Security– The system must not be capable of being hacked
Ubiquitous Coverage– The Utility typically covers a much larger service
area than the communications providers Reliability
– An outage may cause significant equipment damage and may be a hazard to life
Low Cost– The system needs to cost less than their designated
recovery threshold Very Low Bit Rates
– 100s of bps but from lots of devices
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What are their Options?
Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)– Troublesome, low throughput, transformers,
someone will figure it out Cellular Wireless
– Near universal availability, relatively expensive per node,
WiFi– Only works in urban areas, used in conjunction with
BPL Data Network Provider
– Power Utilities are just now starting to investigate this option
Telecom Infrastructure
Rapid growth in consumer bandwidth requirements
Rapid replacement/upgrade of telecom infrastructure
Higher bandwidth requirements are driving increased use of fiber
With fiber, future bandwidth increase requires only new electronics
Fiber as medium for many purposes – voice, data, video, etc.
Nearly all facilities with an electric meter, also contain telecom infrastructure29
Where Are We Now?
Technology exists in Telecommunications to service most all diversities of Smart Grid platforms. (Bandwidth requirements)
– However – At what cost?
– Can a Normal Business Model sustain the needed infrastructure?
– Are “Our” customers on board?
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Where Are We Now?
On the Power side of Smart Grid advancement. Extensive advancement in Electronically Mapped Distribution technologies and numerous Automatic Meter Reading installs have set the stage for upcoming Smart Grid projects.
– However, at what cost?
– Back to the Business Model----Sorry.
– What about Distributed Generation, Wind Power etc…
– How would a Federally Mandated RPS help promote Smart Grid?
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Data Circuits of Old – Special equipment – Added expense– Regulated – NECA Tariffed rates
High Cost
– Few circuits were deployed – Staff had little experience with the equipment
– Long copper loops – Difficult to troubleshoot
– When they worked, they were very stable
– Special Circuits
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Data Circuits Today – Broadband The Primary Circuit of Today– Data is what we do – Voice is the declining
market 90% of recent investment revolves around data
– 8kFt DSL Loops– Wireless– FTTH
Redundancy is now standard in IP network designs – five 9s (351.36 seconds of outage per year)
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Data Circuits Today – Broadband The Primary Circuit of Today– Data is what we do – Voice is the declining
market IPTV has been the driving factor in data network
improvements– Video is watched closely – Disturbances to video circuits very noticeable
Staffing has been concentrated around IP experience/training
– Traditional CO staff is extensively IP focused– IP experience is provided all the way to the house
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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DSL Circuits– Advantages:
Relatively Low Cost – Works on existing copper Mature Technology – Know how to make it work Long reach at low bandwidth – 50kbps at 18kft Point-to-Point
– Disadvantages: Data rates hindered by noise, especially at
longer distances Less reliable than fiber services
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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FTTH Circuits– Advantages:
Mature Technology – Know how to make it work
Long reach at any bandwidth – 100Mbps at 40km
Point-to-Point is very secure GPON is also secure Very high service reliability
– Disadvantages: Very High Cost – Typically requires all new
facilities
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Central Office
VoIP, Data to remote customers
BidirectionalOptical Node
700 MHz, Cellular, WiFi, etc.Transmitter
• Wireless Networks– Bandwidth
dependant on range
– Transmitter nodes are typically fiber fed
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Wireless Circuits– Advantages:
Fast to deploy Long reach at low bandwidth Can be low cost if the infrastructure is in place
– Disadvantages: Limited range depending on frequency, Line-
of-Sight Growth of wireless data networks has pushed
up costs Reliability can be a factor
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Conclusions– Communication Company Broadband Advantages:
Gain access to a trained work force that already works in the home
The network may already exist all the way to the homeCan be low cost if the infrastructure is in place
– Communication Company Broadband Disadvantages:100% broadband coverage does not exist todayReturn on Investment for Communications Company
may be limitedThe need for the Power Utility to deal with a third
party
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Conclusions– Pick the low hanging fruit first
Look to serve the Substations– There are not very many Substations– Many local Power Utilities are not ready to collect very much
information from the consumer yet
Look to serve the larger Commercial Clients– Most likely, you are already there– They can actually affect the Utility’s usage and save
money
– Form partnerships to create a group that can cover substantial portions of the Power Utility’s service area
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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We need Partnership Now
Our paths have now converged – Power—Telecom
– Not just servicing each other as in the past.
– While Technologies have, and continue to advance – Has the Level of Cooperation to package our capabilities moved at the same pace?
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Thank You!!
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