Smart Energy Management Algorithms

Smart Energy Management Algorithms

Dr. Milan Prodanovi ćEOI, Madrid, November 2010

Introduction

� Mission of IMDEA Energy is to promote renewable and clean energy technologies

� Formed of six research units:� Thermo-Chemical (production of sustainable fuels, CO2 confinement and valorisation)� Bio-Chemical (production of sustainable fuels, CO2 confinement and valorisation)� Electrochemical (energy storage, development of systems with enhanced efficiency)� High Temperature Processes (solar energy, energy storage)� Energy Systems Analysis (CO2 confinement and valorisation, life-cycle analysis)� Electrical Processes (Smart management of networks, renewable energy, energy storage)

� Collaboration with other IMDEA institutes� Research objectives of Electrical Processes Unit

� Development of Smart management techniques for future power networks� Active demand side management and energy efficiency improvement� Management of energy storage devices across the network� Electric vehicles

� Key technologies� ICT� Power electronics� Embedded RT control systems

SmartGrids

EU Deployment Priorities for SmartGrids

IMDEA Energy

“A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.”

SmartGrids

� According to Strategic Deployment Document of European Technology Platform, Key Challenges for SmartGrids are:� Strengthening the grid – ensuring transmission capacity� Moving offshore

� Developing decentralized architectures

� Communications – allowing RT operating and trading� Active demand side – all consumers play an active role

� Integrating intermittent generation

� Enhanced intelligence of generation, demand and the grid� Capturing the benefits of DG and storage

� Preparing for electric vehicles

SmartGrids

� According to Strategic Deployment Document of European Technology Platform, Key Challenges for SmartGrids are:� Strengthening the grid – ensuring transmission capacity� Moving offshore

� Developing decentralized architectures� Communications – allowing RT operating and trading� Active demand side – all consumers play an active ro le� Integrating intermittent generation� Enhanced intelligence of generation, demand and the grid� Capturing the benefits of DG and storage� Preparing for electric vehicles

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Distribution Networks

Conventional distribution networks:� Unidirectional power flows� Limited number of generators� Passive loads� No active control, only reactive

(protection) functions� Voltage levels and power flows easily

maintained by open-loop control� Limited measurement and control

required

Energy storage

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Distribution Networks

Networks with DGs and active loads and:� Bidirectional power flows� Line congestion problems� Voltage excursions� Protection issues� Only limited measurement and control

provided� Limited use of energy storage

Energy storage

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Distribution Networks

Future distribution networks:� Fragmented networks� Various generators connected� Active demand management and

Smart loads� Large scale and aggregated

energy storage devices deployed

Future distribution networks:� RT measurements and control

available� RT Active and reactive control

and protection functions� RT arbitration for the resources� RT energy trading between the

new entities in the network

Distribution Networks

� Research Objectives� Devising algorithms for flexible real-time management of networks

� Integration of distributed generation� Medium level generation 1MW-100MW� Aggregated small scale generation

� Integration of large scale energy storage elements� Reversible hydro, electrochemical, mechanical� Aggregated storage such as electric vehicles

� Decentralised management functions� Active demand side management � More efficient use of installed network capacity� Real-time energy trading� Real-time active and reactive network control

� Network modelling assuming RT active management

� Developing scenarios for fragmented use of distribution networks

Smart Energy Consumption

� Small Networks, Microgrids, Smart Buildings and Residential Loads� Real-time demand side management and control

� Advanced measurement and load prediction� Ability to control and limit consumption (Smart Appliances)

� Energy efficiency improvement

� Integration of local and on-site generation� Renewable energy (solar, wind, geo-thermal)

� Gas micro-turbines, diesel generators, CHP

� Integration and management of energy storage elements� Electrochemical (batteries, capacitor banks, fuel-cells)

� Exploiting the effects of thermal capacitance

� Security of supply� Real-time energy trading

Smart Energy Consumption

A conventional microgrid:� Only few generators and loads� Islanded or grid-connected� With or without energy storage

elements

Smart Energy Consumption

Smart microgrids:� Smart load controls and times

energy consumption� A consumer can also store energy

and act as a generator too! � Smart Generators benefit from

embedded energy storage � Network energy storage elements

Smart Energy Consumption

MU

NETWORK

MANAGER

Control Room

MU

MU

Network management:� RT measurement and control� Improved energy efficiency� Improved security of supply� RT energy trading between the

entities in and out of the microgrid

Electric Vehicles

NETWORKMANAGER

P,QAC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

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Power Network

Recharging Station - Provider Green Recharging Station - provider SuperGreen

MU

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Recharging Station - Provider Green

P1

P2

P3

Usage patterns and scenarios:� Vehicles require recharging� More than 90% of all vehicles stationary

at any time� New entities in the network� An example of service based approach� Car owner options

� Choosing the recharging station� Recharging only� Fast charging� Timed charging

� Car owner services� Energy storage

� Recharging station functions� Energy management� Optimisation of energy cost

� Recharging station services� Fast charging� Network energy storage� Reactive power control� Emergency power supply� Energy trading

� Network manager services� Energy trading� Energy storage� Energy transfer

Electric Vehicles

� Investigating the impact of electric vehicle connection� Network reinforcement

� Benefits analysis

� Development of recharging points and station� Devising scenarios and usage patterns for vehicle recharging

� Using car batteries as an aggregated energy storage� Providing service based solutions for:

� Battery charging

� Reactive power control� Emergency power

� Demand side management

� RT energy trading

� Battery and supercapacitor technologies� Investigating static and dynamic properties

� Life-cycle analysis

Electrical Processes Lab

� Various IT equipment (PCs, routers)� Network sensors (voltage, current, etc.)� Ambient sensors (temperature, insolation, wind-speed)� Distribution level automation (tele-controlled switchgear)� Various energy source models (gas, solar, wind, fuel-cells)� Energy storage elements (batteries, capacitors, fly-wheels)� Various power converters (DC/DC, AC/DC, DC/AC)� Distribution network impedance � Flexible controller development and programming platforms

IMDEA Lab

Concluding Remarks

� SmartGrids will provide flexible, real-time management of the energy balance in the networks

� A number of new entities (smart loads, generators and storage) will be able to connect and offer their services in the energy market

� Network optimisation targets can be easily changed according to the market and economic conditions

� New, real-time, Smart energy management algorithms are needed and should be deployed in all levels of power networks