Smart dust

“SMART DUST” Sensing the Future…

- Sucheta Mandal

Presentation Profile

1.Introduction

2.History

3.Technology

4.Mote Design

Introducing Smart dust

• It is mainly Micro-Electro-Mechanical System.• It combines sensing, robotics, computing that

can sense light, temperature ,vibration , magnetism or chemicals.

• They are usually networked wirelessly and are distributed over some area to perform tasks, usually sensing.

History of Smart Dust

• Smart dust was invented in 2001 by Kristopher S. J. Pister, who is an electrical engineering and computer science professor for the University of California

• The DARPA (NASA) has been funding Smart Dust research heavily seeing virtually limitless applications in the sphere of modern warfare.

Characteristics of Smart Dust(DARPA)

Besides the functionality it has bi-directional radio, the microprocessor controller, and the battery.It has 20 meter communication rangeIt has one week lifetime in continuous operation, 2 years with 1% duty cycling.Current motes are about 5mm

Technology Includes

1. MEMS sensors2. MEMS beam steering mirror for active optical transmission3. MEMS corner cube retro reflector for passive optical transmission4. An optical receiver5. Signal processing and control circuitry6. A power source based on thick film batteries and solar cells

Smart Dust Components

CCR• It comprises three mutually

perpendicular mirrors of gold-coated polysilicon

• The CCR has the property that any incident ray of light is reflected back to the source

• Using a micro-fabricated CCR, we can achieve data transmission at a bit rate up to 1 kilobit per second, and over a range up to 150 meters, using a 5milliwatt illuminating laser

Operation on Mote

• Periodically the microcontroller gets a reading from one of the sensors, which measure one of a number of physical or chemical stimuli such as temperature, ambient light, vibration, acceleration, or air pressure, processes the data, and stores it in memory.

• It also occasionally turns on the optical receiver to see if anyone is trying to communicate with it

• This communication may include new programs or messages from other motes

• Microcontroller will use the corner cube retro reflector or laser to transmit sensor data or a message to a base station or another mote.

Power Savings

• Most of the time, the majority of the mote is powered off with only a clock and a few timers running

• A few of the timers control the sensors • When one of these timers expires, it powers up the

corresponding sensor, takes a sample, and converts it to a digital word

• Received data may either be stored directly in the SRAM or the microcontroller is powered up to perform more complex operations with it.

• Some timer controls the receiver. When that timer expires, the receiver powers up and looks for an incoming packet

Smart Mesh

The Smart Mesh sits between sensors and systems, providing connection between these two layers. Each node of Smart Mesh, or 'mote,' is a ultra low-power wireless communication node.

Space Exploration with Smart Dust

• Deploying such a system on an alien world would be a lot cheaper than sending a massive rover, Lander, or orbiter.

• The orbiter would act as a forward base of operations, centralizing incoming data, and the processing them before sending them to Earth.

• Exporting the myth of Universe will be faster