1 Small Fruit Small Fruit Production Production 1 Teryl R. Roper Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Small Fruits for Small Fruits for Wisconsin Wisconsin • Strawberry • Raspberry • Juneberry • Currants 2 • Blueberry • Cranberry • Lingonberry • Gooseberry Soils for berries Soils for berries • Well drained loamy soils • High organic matter 3 • Amend with compost, etc. • pH between 6.0 and 7.0 • Except blueberries & lingonberries (4.5 to 5.5) Site preparation Site preparation • Begin the year before planting • Soil test & add P, K fertilizer if needed • Adjust pH (if needed & possible) 4 • Adjust pH (if needed & possible) • Control perennial weeds • Cultivation • Non-residual herbicides • Add organic matter • Manure, green manures, compost Obtaining Plants Obtaining Plants • Purchase plants from a reputable nursery • True to name 5 • True to name • Disease free • Virus indexed • Don’t save, don’t share • Arrange for spring delivery Strawberry Plant Strawberry Plant • Crown • Leaves 6 • Stolons (runners) • Roots • Trusses (flowers and fruit) • Plantings last 3-5 years
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Small Fruits for Small Fruit Wisconsin ProductionSmall Fruits for Wisconsin • Strawberry • Raspberry • Juneberry • Currants 2 • Blueberry ... other warm climates. ... cold
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Small Fruit Small Fruit ProductionProduction
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Teryl R. RoperDept. of Horticulture
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Small Fruits for Small Fruits for WisconsinWisconsin
• Strawberry• Raspberry
• Juneberry• Currants
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• Blueberry• Cranberry• Lingonberry
• Gooseberry
Soils for berriesSoils for berries• Well drained loamy soils• High organic matter
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• Amend with compost, etc.
• pH between 6.0 and 7.0• Except blueberries & lingonberries
(4.5 to 5.5)
Site preparationSite preparation• Begin the year before planting• Soil test & add P, K fertilizer if needed• Adjust pH (if needed & possible)
4
• Adjust pH (if needed & possible)• Control perennial weeds
• Cultivation• Non-residual herbicides
• Add organic matter• Manure, green manures, compost
Obtaining PlantsObtaining Plants• Purchase plants from a reputable
nursery• True to name
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• True to name• Disease free• Virus indexed
• Don’t save, don’t share• Arrange for spring delivery
Strawberry PlantStrawberry Plant• Crown• Leaves
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• Stolons (runners)• Roots• Trusses (flowers and fruit)
• Plantings last 3-5 years
2
25-40%
25-40%
Flower Truss
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25 40%
Stolon orRunner
Crown
Roots
50-10%
Tertiary
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PrimaryPrimary
Secondary
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Daughter Plant
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Stolon
Stolons or Runners
Anther
Petals
Strawberry FlowerStrawberry Flower
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Stigma
Style
Achene
Receptacle
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3
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Fruiting HabitsFruiting Habits• June bearers Short Day• Everbearers Long Day• Day Neutral Insensitive
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• Day Neutral Insensitive
Day Neutral Day Neutral StrawberriesStrawberries
• Based on a collection of F. virginiana made in Utah’s Wasatch mountains by Royce Bringhurst, Breeder at UC-Davis.
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y g ,• Incorporated into breeding program.• Is now the basis for the strawberry
industries in California, Florida and other warm climates.
PlantingPlanting• Spring after danger of frost
pastP d th
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• Proper depth• Spread roots• Firm soil around crown